Functional Aspect Research Articles

The Inclusion of a Complementary Running Progression Program in the Rehabilitation of Acute Hamstring Injuries: A Critically Appraised Topic

Introduction/Clinical Scenario: As many hamstring injuries occur when the hamstrings are in a lengthened state during the deceleration phase of running when the muscle is eccentrically contracting to slow the body down this functional aspect needs to be addressed. Thus, a rehabilitation program with a focus on progressive targeted eccentric hamstring exercises by gradually placing and exposing the muscle to eccentric force in a lengthened state supplemented with progressive running drills should be evaluated. Focused Clinical Question: Does the inclusion of a complementary running progression program for the rehabilitation of an acute hamstring injury reduce the time to safe return to sport with less hamstring reinjury occurrence for an athletic population? Summary of Key Findings: Three studies assessed the inclusion of a progressive running program with several types of running progression parameters addressed. Progressive running drills will load the hamstring in a functional manner, with a gradual increase in velocity of movement and lengthening of the muscle. Clinical Bottom Line: It appears that a complementary progressive running program within an acute hamstring rehabilitation program should be included as it caused no further harm and does not tend to increase hamstring reinjury occurrence. Strength of Recommendation: There is grade B evidence to include a complementary running progression program within an acute hamstring rehabilitation program.

Spatio-Temporal Expression Pattern of CAKUT Candidate Genes DLG1 and KIF12 during Human Kidney Development.

We aimed to investigate expression of the novel susceptibility genes for CAKUT, DLG1 and KIF12, proposed by a systematic in silico approach, in developing and postnatal healthy human kidneys to provide information about their spatiotemporal expression pattern. We analyzed expression of their protein products by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence and quantified relative mRNA levels by RT-qPCR. Statistically significant differences in expression patterns were observed between certain developmental stages. Strong expression of DLG1 was observed in the developing kidney, with a gradual decrease from the first phase of kidney development (Ph1) until the third phase (Ph3), when most nephrons are formed; at later stages, the highest expression was observed in the tubules. KIF12 was highly expressed in the developing structures, especially in Ph1, with a gradual decrease until the postnatal phase, which would indicate a significant role in nephrogenesis. Co-localization of DLG1 and KIF12 was pronounced in Ph1, especially on the apical side of the tubular epithelial cells. Thereafter, their expression gradually became weaker and was only visible as punctate staining in Ph4. The direct association of DLG1 with KIF12 as control genes of normal kidney development may reveal their new functional aspect in renal tubular epithelial cells.

Growth temperature-controlled Gilbert damping and anisotropies in PLD grown epitaxial Co2FeSi Heusler alloy thin film

The utilization of spin rather than charge as a functional aspect in the electronic devices will result in an energy-efficient, thermally stable, and fast operation. Cobalt-based Heusler alloy Co2FeSi (CFS) offers excellent possibilities due to its high curie temperature, large spin polarization, and low Gilbert damping (α). Small damping makes the alloy fascinating for spin transfer torque magnetoresistive random-access memory (STT-MRAM) devices where a low α causes a low value of switching current. The present investigation explored the effect of deposition temperature on the chemical, structural and magnetic properties of the pulsed laser deposition grown single-crystal CFS film of thickness 50 nm on a lattice-matched (001) MgO substrate. The XRD data suggest that Co site atomic ordering and overall film crystallinity improved with temperature, resulting in a minimal value of α obtained from ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiment in the film grown at 600°C. The azimuthal angular variation (φ) of FMR field data gives a fourfold anisotropy pattern that confirms the single-crystal CFS film epitaxially grown on the MgO substrate. Two in-plane anisotropies, namely cubic (four-fold) and uniaxial, were obtained in all the samples. This investigation is crucial in the fabrication of fast spintronics based memory and processing devices.

Socio-Cultural Factors of the Emergence and Activity of Running Clubs in the USSR

The subject of the study is the socio-cultural determinants of the genesis and functioning of the running clubs of the USSR in the period 1968-1991. The objectives of the work: to determine the prerequisites for the emergence of the running club movement in the USSR; to reveal the essential features of the club as initiative clubs for the self-organization of amateur runners; to identify the external and internal functions of running clubs. The source base of the research was both scientific publications and the memoirs of the organizers and the first participants in the activities of the KLB in the USSR presented on the Internet. The methodological basis of the work is a philosophically oriented socio-cultural approach, within the framework of which the study of complex social and cultural relations in the area of origin, functioning and influence on Soviet society of the activities of running clubs, as well as the methodological technique of constructing a genetic "ideal type" by M. Weber is carried out. The main prerequisites for the emergence of the KLB are seen in the traditions of leisure running practices of pre-revolutionary Russia; the Soviet TRP complex; the development of physical culture and sports public organizations; problems generated by the NTR; the impact of Western running culture. From the perspective of determining the essential features, KLBS are considered as initiative leisure clubs focused on ensuring the maximum efficiency of using running to achieve the therapeutic, healing and personality-building goals of their participants. The mission of the KLB was the improvement of man and society through running practices, the assertion on their basis of enduring humanistic values: health, kalokagatiya, social activity, self-development. The innovation of the KLB in the functional aspect was the development of super marathon running in the USSR, the mass involvement of women in running activity, the development of methods of recreational running for various groups of the population, the cultivation of veteran running amateur sports, the unification of running and artistic practices in the framework of entertainment events.

NF-YB family transcription factors in Arabidopsis: Structure, phylogeny, and expression analysis in biotic and abiotic stresses.

Nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factors (TFs) are conserved heterotrimeric complexes present and widespread across eukaryotes. Three main subunits make up the structural and functional aspect of the NF-Y TFs: NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC, which bind to the conserved CCAAT- box of the promoter region of specific genes, while also interacting with each other, thereby forming myriad combinations. The NF-YBs are expressed differentially in various tissues and plant development stages, likely impacting many of the cellular processes constitutively and under stress conditions. In this study, ten members of NF-YB family from Arabidopsis thaliana were identified and expression profiles were mined from microarray data under different biotic and abiotic conditions, revealing key insights into the involvement of this class of proteins in the cellular and biological processes in Arabidopsis. Analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) indicated the presence of abiotic and biotic stress-related transcription factor binding sites (TFBs), shedding light on the multifaceted roles of these TFs. Microarray data analysis inferred distinct patterns of expression in various tissues under differing treatments such as drought, cold and heat stress as well as bacterial, fungal, and viral stress, indicating their likelihood of having an expansive range of regulatory functions under native and stressed conditions; while quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) based expression analysis revealed that these TFs get real-time-modulated in a stress dependent manner. This study, overall, provides an understanding of the AtNF-YB family of TFs in their regulation and participation in various morphogenetic and defense- related pathways and can provide insights for development of transgenic plants for trait dependent studies.

Consequences of anterior knee pain after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A 2015-2020 cohort study.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using hamstring tendon (HT) graft aims to stabilise the knee, but it may bring some complications like anterior knee (AKP) pain that can have consequences on the functional aspect of this surgery. The aim of this study was to compare isokinetic knee strength and functional outcomes between patients with and without AKP following an ACLR using HT graft during the first-year post-surgery. Three hundred and thirty subjects operated by ACLR using hamstring tendon graft were included in our retrospective cohort and divided into two groups: a group with AKP (AKP+ group) and one without AKP (AKP-group). In our population, 14.8% of the patients had AKP. At 4 post-operative months, subjects with pain had lower isokinetic strength limb symmetry index (LSI) for knee flexors and extensors, and a lower Lysholm score than subjects without pain (p < 0.0001). These differences did not persist at 7 post-operative months, and there was no difference in the one-leg hop test. After multivariate analysis, we highlighted the impact of time on the evolution of these parameters. Yet, the exact definition of AKP after ACLR remains to be clearly defined since an imprecise diagnosis may lead to inappropriate management. Pre-operative information about this type of complication, which evolves favourably with time, could be useful for patients. Indeed, AKP can occur after ACLR, even if a HT graft has been used, compared to other surgical procedures using the knee extensor apparatus as patellar tendon graft (AKP is associated with the donor site morbidity). In case of AKP after ACLR, monitoring the muscle inhibition by isokinetic tests may enable clinicians to adapt the retraining and the return to sport.

Deletion of BACH1 alleviates ferroptosis and protects against LPS-triggered acute lung injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway

Multiple lines of evidences have unraveled the emerging role of ferroptosis in the pathophysiological process of acute lung injury (ALI). In this study, we aimed to decipher the role of BACH1 in the onset and progression of ALI with a focus on ferroptosis and elucidated potential molecular mechanism. We observed that BACH1 expression was drastically elevated in BEAS-2B cells upon exposure to LPS. In the functional aspect, BACH1 deletion exerted an anti-inflammatory property, featured by decreased the secretion of several cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the face of LPS challenge. What's more important, BACH1 knockout evidently repressed LPS-triggered oxidative stress damage, as evidenced by reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde (MDA) generation, accompanied with the elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH-Px and CAT. Meanwhile, ablation of BACH1 restrained LPS-elicited ferroptosis, as characterized by decreased iron content and PTGS2 expression, accompanied with increased expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4. In terms of mechanism, Nrf2/HO-1 signaling inhibitor effectively abrogated the beneficial effects of BACH1 inhibition on LPS-stimulated inflammation, oxidative damage and ferroptosis. Taken together, these preceding outcomes strongly illuminated that BACH1 was a novel regulator of LPS-evoked injury through regulation of inflammation response, oxidative stress and ferroptosis via activation Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, indicating that BACH1 may represent as a promising novel therapeutic candidate for ALI treatment.

Endoscopic Middle Ear Cleft Surgery (EMES): Our Philosophy, Concept and Application.

The functional aspect of preservation of every healthy anatomical structure, particularly the ossicles, non-diseased mastoid cortex and middle ear mucosa, and to achieve this by transacanal endoscopic dual hand approach to middle ear, aditus and mastoid antrum with minimal posterior atticotomy and proximal aditotomy. The prospective study has been conducted over a period of 12years from 2009 to 2021 in the Jorhat Medical College, Assam Medical College and Niramoy Hospital, Jorhat, Assam. Follow up was for a minimum of 4years. The current study was a prospective hospital based study, carried out from May 1st, 2009 to April 30th, 2021 involving 157 subjects from 18 to 65years with mean age of 38 + 2.5. Graft uptake rate of 93.6%. Minimal atticotomy with proximal aditotomy offers a clear view of the antrum with angled scopes of 30 degree and 45 degree and if any disease is located it can be removed through the transcanal approach with angled instruments and aditus patency can be confirmed by visual inspection. Hence, decreasing the need of unnecessary bone drilling as done with cortical mastoidectomy to create a parallel view.The endoscopic ear surgeries done with "dual hand endo-holder" were uneventful and much more comfortable as compared to the single hand technique. Functional approach by minimizing bone drilling, reestablishment of ventilation pathways and preservation of ossicles with disease clearance give better postoperative results in long term follow-up.

The application of inherent safety to functional safety

Functional safety has experienced evolution over the years aimed at further risk reduction in society. Changes have taken place in the form of the creation of new domain-specific standards such as ISO 26262 (automotive), EN 50129 (railway), ISO 13489 (machinery), etc. from the parent IEC 61508 standard. Besides, these standards also undergo periodic revisions to keep abreast of innovations in technology. As the technological space expands and increases in complexity, it needs more than procedural, passive and active risk reduction strategies to achieve optimal risk reduction due to potential deficiencies with the use of instruction manuals and physical safety barriers. Inherently safer design (ISD) is expected to bring about a consolidated and cost-effective risk reduction since it does not require the installation of degradable add-on features and can be applied across the product development life cycle. Hence, this paper aims to apply ISD to the functional safety aspect of safety system development according to IEC 61508. The paper focuses on hardware design and does not cover all aspects of active safety system design. The main objective is to investigate how ISD can reduce risk by reducing random and systematic failures. The paper builds on the review of literature and standards.

Features of building intellectualized economic systems in the paradigm of sustainable development: functional aspect

The growth of sustainable development and intellectualization in business is leading to an increase in conflicts within economic systems that require coordination and integration. This article outlines the crucial steps for implementing intellectualization processes to achieve sustainable development. A system comprising interconnected functional aspects has been established. The principles for integrating the intellectual economy with sustainable development within enterprise activities have been determined by examining their fundamental differences. As the key functional aspects of the analytical study, the technical and technological (covers the technological aspects of building a sustainable production and technical environment of the enterprise), personnel (determines the features of an intellectualized approach to personnel management on the basis of sustainability), financial (characterizes the features of cash management based on an intellectualized approach), informational (determines the key characteristics of the functioning of the intellectual approach and sustainable development in the modern information field), political and legal (covers the issues of the normative and legal dimension of the functioning of enterprises and their respective positioning to the problems of intellectualization and sustainability), marketing (characterizes the conjunctural aspects of sustainable intellectualized development of economic structures) and ecological aspects (explains the place of the ecological component of sustainable development in the system of intellectualized development of the enterprise). This article holds practical significance for enterprises striving to strike a balance between efficaciously executing intellectualization processes and ensuring steadfast sustainable growth, as they seek pertinent actionable insights. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the conceptual integration of the basic provisions of the sustainable development theory and economic security of the enterprise with thorough detailing of the relevant provisions in terms of business entities functional components.

Akimba Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Model: Understanding Molecular Mechanism and Drug Screening for the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy.

As the prevalence of diabetes has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, diabetic retinopathy incidence is increasing rapidly. An advanced diabetic retinopathy (DR) stage can lead to a sight-threatening form. There is growing evidence showing diabetes causes a range of metabolic changes that subsequently lead to pathological modifications in the retina and retinal blood vessels. To understand the complex mechanism of the pathophysiology of DR, a precise model is not readily available. By crossbreeding the Akita and Kimba strains, a suitable proliferative DR model was acquired. This new Akimba strain manifests marked hyperglycemia and vascular changes, which resemble the early and advanced stage of DR.Here, we describe the breeding method, colony screening for experiments, and imaging techniques widely used to investigate the DR progression in this model. We elaborate step-by-step protocols to set up and perform fundus, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography-angiogram to study retinal structural changes and vascular abnormalities. In addition, we show a method to label the leukocytes with fluorescence and laser speckle flowgraphy to examine the inflammation in the retina and retinal vessel blood flow speed, respectively. Lastly, we describe electroretinogram to evaluate the functional aspect of the DR transformations.

Indicators of functional integrity in production animals

An ability to describe the quality of lived experience across the course of an animal’s life is of increasing interest in studies on wellbeing in farm animals. Integrity of physical functions is an important aspect of the tripartite model of wellbeing: feeling, functioning and interacting well. This review examines measures of functional integrity as potential indicators of functional (eudaimonic) wellbeing. Copious literature shows that coping with day-to-day fluctuations in the environment influences (1) periodicity of biorhythms, (2) allocation of resources to growth, defence and repair, and (3) rate of biological aging. Here we review opportunities for assessing functional integrity through analysis of (1) the dynamic status of physiological and behavioural variables, (2) the accretion of resources in production tissues (milk, eggs, body mass, offspring) and physical structures (fibre, hoof, bone, tooth, placoid scale, otolith, beak), and (3) biological age. A reduction in periodicity of biorhythms, complexity of behaviours, or uniformity of trajectories of growth and production is often associated with poorer current and future health outcomes and shorter functional longevity. These analytical approaches are grounded in statistical measures of stability in complex dynamic systems. Additionally, the cumulative effect of wear and tear on biological age can be assessed via telomere length, DNA methylation, biomarkers of allostatic load, hair cortisol, and physiological functional capacity. Timeseries of behaviour, physiology and accretion provide a richer record of functional integrity than do cumulative indicators of biological age. Indicators of integrity are needed for each phase of the animal’s life course including attainment of developmental competencies, stability of mature performance, and rate of decline with advancing age, to provide a comprehensive record across the whole of the animal’s life. The utility of measures may differ between real-time and retrospective assessments and between application to every individual versus sentinels. Further validation is required for interpretating measures of functional integrity as indicators of the functional aspect of wellbeing, together with determining their practicality and reliability before translation to commercial settings is feasible. A single type of indicator of functional wellbeing (e.g. DNA methylation) is unlikely to have utility for all life stages, species, production systems, and environments.

An Analysis of Implant Prosthesis and Its Dynamic Occlusal Contacts.

The prosthetic replacement is achieved for the functional aspect of the stomatognathic system. Achieving prosthetic occlusion is challenging and has an occlusal concept of its own when the type of prosthesis varies. The implant occlusion differs for its load transfer concept and longevity. The study was employed to assess the dynamic occlusal contact in implant occlusion through digital means. The study was carried out on implant prosthesis and its dynamic parameters were evaluated using T-Scan Novus (BioResearch, Inc., Brown Deer, WI, USA) in a university hospital setting after collecting 35 patients. Mandibular arch prosthesis tends to swing from high intensity to low or no contacts frequently and when the percentage of implant crown contact at 10% is present there is more of implant protected occlusion achieved. Use of T-Scan Novus can reveal more occlusal details in functional form which can help in achieving new treatment goals.

COGNITIVE MODEL OF FORMATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF ENTERPRISES

The article shows that the issue of obtaining a reliable forecast in the process of analyzing the solvency of any business entity (enterprise, company, etc.) is still relevant. Such tasks, related to forecasting and analysis of the obtained results, allow specialists to talk about the stability or instability of the relevant entity. And this, in turn, can be important for evaluating, for example, the investment attractiveness of the object of analysis and evaluation from the point of view of its financial condition (FC). Considering the rapid development of information technologies, it is shown that the possibility of the usage of new cognitive systems and technologies in the process of FC assessment and forecasting is interesting for study. The article proposes a mathematical model of the description in the conceptual and functional aspect of the process of formation and application of the knowledge base for the decision support system during the assessment of the financial condition of the enterprise/company for circumstances related to the identification of individual factors that are weakly structured. In turn, this allows for increasing the understanding of the analyzed economic processes related to the FC of business entities.

Nazewnictwo miejskie jako problem tłumaczeniowy. Analiza wybranych przykładów z oficjalnego portalu turystycznego miasta stołecznego Warszawy

This paper focuses on urbanonyms as a translation problem. Analyzing the urban names selected from the official tourist portal of Warsaw in the source language (Polish), and their equivalents in the two target languages (English and Spanish), the author indicates the diversity of translation techniques and considers the possibilities of their unification with regard to specific types of naming, taking into account the functional aspect of the text, the needs of the recipient and the purpose of inter-lingual communication. The translation solutions presented, be it unique or repetitive, are illustrative of the difficulties requiring a systemic approach. The author emphasizes the influence of historical tradition on the formation of recognized equivalents, standing in some sense in opposition to the currently most desirable simple and unambiguous localizing equivalents.

Functional aspect of brain PET measures of serotonin examined in depression; relationships with psychometric measures of mood, wellbeing, and connectedness

Functional aspect of brain PET measures of serotonin examined in depression; relationships with psychometric measures of mood, wellbeing, and connectedness

전자책 이용자의 기본심리욕구가 지각된 유용성과 지각된 이용용이성을 통해 이용의도에 미치는 영향

The e-book market has continued to grow as the supply of smart devices has expanded. This study verified the effect of basic psychological needs of e-book users on their use intention through perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. As a result of the study, first, it was found that autonomy did not have a positive effect on perceived usefulness, but had a positive effect on perceived ease of use. Second, it was found that competence had a positive effect on perceived usefulness, but did not have a positive effect on perceived ease of use. Third, it was found that the relationship had a positive effect on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Fourth, it was found that perceived usefulness had a positive effect on the use intention. Fifth, it was found that perceived ease of use had a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Sixth, it was found that perceived ease of use did not have a positive effect on the use intention. For the e-book market to continuously develop, it is necessary to look at the functional aspect of the service and the psychological aspect of users organizationally.

Image Formation of Higher Educational Institutions in the Field of Culture Based on Communication Models

The issue of evaluating the effectiveness of image formation can be considered in two aspects: functional and communicative. The functional aspect of an effective image is implemented at the stage of image planning, and formulation of its core and basic characteristics. A competent and comprehensive assessment of the goals and objectives set for the image of the organization allows you to create an image that contributes to increasing the public capital of the HEI.&#x0D; The communication aspect of the effectiveness of image formation is focused on the correct delivery of information about the image to the target groups of the public. Skilful use of the right codes and channels for information transfer significantly increases the likelihood of creating an effective image of the HEI.&#x0D; The purpose of the research is to determine the main aspects of forming the image of a higher education institution in the field of culture based on communication models.&#x0D; Research methodology. To effectively achieve the purpose of the study, the methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization of theoretical data, observation, as well as a systematic approach were used. All this made it possible to analyze and determine the peculiarities of forming the image of higher education institutions in the field of culture based on communication models.&#x0D; Scientific novelty. The models of communication for the formation of a positive image of higher education institutions in the cultural sphere are revealed.&#x0D; Conclusions. Thus, we can conclude that the most effective model of mass communication for the formation of a positive image of higher education institutions is Lasswell’s model, as it is both a model of research of the communication process and a detailed plan of the actual communicative action. However, this model of communication has one drawback – it assumes that the transmitted messages always cause a certain expected effect. This model is overly optimistic and undoubtedly tends to exaggerate the effectiveness of the transmitted messages’ impact, especially when it comes to mass communication.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ВРАХУВАННЯ КООПЕРОВАНОЇ ФОРМИ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ПРИ ФОРМУВАННІ СПОРТИВНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

This article is devoted to the issue of cooperative operation of sports facilities of educational institutions by residents of nearby residential areas. Our interest in this question is based on the problem of low involvement of the population of Ukraine in physical culture and sports, as well as the lack of capacity of the existing network of sports facilities of the country. Considered several scientific papers in which the question of cooperative operation of sports facilities of educational institutions by residents of nearby areas. It is noted that the sports facilities of educational institutions make up a large part of the network of sports facilities of the country. However, most of the existing educational institutions sporting facilities have been built without taking into account the possibility of use by different groups of people. The article considers several characteristic features of such sports facilities that make their use by residents of nearby areas inconvenient. Both the functional aspect (the location of the object in the back of the site; location of sports halls on the upper or basement floors of educational buildings, etc.), and the semantic (expressiveness and informativeness of the environment) and aesthetic aspects are considered. The question of the motivational capacity of higher education institutions' sports complexes is raised. The modern state of a network of sports facilities at higher educational institutions is considered. The question of the negative influence of their obsolete and in need of repair condition on the motivation of visitors and the effectiveness of the process of physical education on their basis is highlighted. Insufficient attention to the issue of cooperative operation of the sports complex of higher educational institutions by other groups of the population is noted. In particular, the question of taking this form of operation into account when calculating the simultaneous capacity of a higher education institution's sports complex remains unclear. This issue requires further study.

Sun protection and occupation: Current developments and perspectives for prevention of occupational skin cancer.

A substantial proportion of all reported occupational illnesses are constituted by skin cancer, making this disease a serious public health issue. Solar ultra-violet radiation (UVR) exposure is the most significant external factor in the development of skin cancer, for which the broad occupational category of outdoor workers has already been identified as high-risk group. Sun protection by deploying adequate technical, organizational, and person-related measures has to be understood as a functional aspect of workplace safety. To prevent skin cancers brought on by-typically cumulative-solar UVR exposure, outdoor workers must considerably lower their occupationally acquired solar UVR doses. Estimating cumulative sun exposure in outdoor workers requires consideration of the level of solar UVR exposure, the tasks to be done in the sun, and the employees' solar UVR preventive measures. Recent studies have highlighted the necessity for measures to enhance outdoor workers' sun protection behavior. In the coming decades, occupational dermatology is expected to pay increasing attention to sun protection at work. Also, the field of dermato-oncology will likely be concerned with sky-rocketing incidences of occupational skin cancers. The complete range of available alternatives should be utilized in terms of preventive actions, which seems pivotal to handle the present and future challenges in a purposeful manner. This will almost definitely only be possible if politicians' support is effectively combined with communal and individual preventive actions in order to spur long-term transformation.