Ninety-seven patients with Stage II endometrial cancer were analyzed by life table analysis for survival as a function of patient age, cell type, grade of tumor, depth of invasion, treatment, surgical stage, and extent of cervical involvement. The corrected 5-and 10-year survival was 65.9% and 57.9%, respectively. Cumulative 5-year survival of patients treated with radiation was 77.0%, with surgery 66.1%, and with combined therapy 58.5%. The extent of tumor, including depth of invasion, degree of cervical involvement, and presence of occult distant metastases, was most important in assessing prognosis. Of 36 patients without preoperative radiation, all those with superficial tumors lived at least 5 years, as compared with 57.9% of patients with deeply invasive tumors. These factors were less valuable in patients treated initially with radiation therapy where 30% of patients without residual tumor in the uterus died with recurrence within 5 years. The accuracy of endocervical curettage in determining cervical extension from an endometrial cancer and the patterns of recurrence were also analyzed. Less than half of patients with a normal-appearing cervix and positive endocervical curettage had tumor found in the nonirradiated hysterectomy specimen. There was poor correlation between the stage of disease and the extent of tumor found at operation. Agreement between the stage and operative findings was found in only half the patients treated initially with surgery.