Function Of Genetic Material Research Articles

Study on the electrochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of holmium ion and its interaction with DNA

Metal ion-DNA interactions play a crucial role in modulating the structure and function of genetic material in the natural environment. In this study, we report on the favorable electrochemical activity of holmium(III) (Ho3+) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and its interaction with double-stranded DNA. The interaction between DNA and Ho3+ was investigated for the first time using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The electrochemical behavior of Ho3+ ions on a GCE exhibited a reversible electron transfer process, indicative of its redox activity. A linear correlation between the peak current and the square root of the scan rate was observed, suggesting a diffusion-controlled kinetic regime for the electrochemical process. Additionally, fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy were employed to confirm the binding of Ho3+ to DNA. Our findings demonstrate that, at pH 7.2, specific DNA bases and phosphate groups can interact with Ho3+ ions. Moreover, electrochemical measurements suggest that Ho3+ ions bind to DNA via a groove binding mode, with a calculated binding ratio of 1:1 between Ho3+ and DNA. Notably, under optimal conditions, an increase in the amount of DNA leads to a significant reduction in the current intensity of Ho3+ ions.

Characteristics and Effectiveness of Blended Learning Through Reality Laboratory and Virtual Laboratory Activities in Genetics Course

Virtual laboratories can provide real learning experiences through computer-aided simulations and activities. Virtual laboratory is rapidly developing its use in science learning because it is proven to provide significant benefits to the process and results of science learning during the pandemic. The limitations of laboratory facilities in genetics learning at the unkhair Biology Education Study program have encouraged the development of virtual practicum strategies and their use in genetic learning with modified free inquiry strategies on the topic of the structure and function of genetic material and reproduction of genetic material. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of virtual laboratories based on student perceptions of the use of virtual laboratory applications and to describe and compare these perceptions with the use of laboratory reality and relevant previous research results. There are five aspects of perception surveyed, namely innovation, motivation, effectiveness, benefits, and presentation of practical procedures. This research method uses a quasi-experimental research design for the characteristics and effectiveness of using virtual laboratories and real laboratories in the Genetics course at the Biology Education Study Program, Khairun University, Ternate on the topic of DNA isolation, chromosomes and mitosis. The results of this study indicate that: the characteristics of Blended Learning practicum in the Genetics course in 4th semester students of Biology study program are: 1) instruction-based practicum; 2) practicum based on data collection and reporting of practicum results; 3) practicum based on proof of concept. The effectiveness of the implementation of genetics practicum in laboratory reality and virtual laboratories based on the perception of student responses is more likely to choose reality laboratories than virtual laboratories. The effectiveness of the implementation of genetic practicum based on the results of the practicum report is known to be not significantly different between the results of the practicum in reality and in the virtual laboratory.

Alcohol production from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) genotypes in fermentative medium

El etanol es uno de los combustibles más prometedores en Brasil, pero su producción está centralizada en el cultivo de la caña de azúcar, y actualmente se están buscando otras fuentes de biomasa productora de alcohol para reemplazar el monocultivo de la caña de azúcar. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las variables del proceso de fermentación como el tiempo de fermentación (72 y 96 horas), adición de nutrientes (con y sin adición) y levaduras (levadura orgánica seca y fresca) empleadas en la producción de etanol a partir de dos genotipos de batata (Ipomoea batatas L.): UGA 05 y UGA 77. El contenido del alcohol evaluado en °GL se realizó en un diseño completamente al azar según dos esquemas factoriales (22 y 23), y los resultados obtenidos se analizaron con el software Design Expert® versión 8. Los resultados del diseño factorial 22 indican que el tiempo de fermentación en la producción de alcohol tuvo un efecto significativo en el proceso, lo que sugiere que la producción de alcohol es más eficiente en 72 horas de fermentación y sin la inclusión de nutrientes. En el diseño factorial 23, las interacciones entre el tiempo de fermentación con genotipos, y entre el tiempo y la inclusión de la levadura mostraron efectos significativos y alteraron la producción de alcohol. El proceso de fermentación muestra una diferencia significativa en función del material genético y las levaduras utilizadas, señalando la fermentación del mosto de harina del genotipo UGA 77 bajo acción de levadura fresca y 72 horas de fermentación.

Sanity of corn grains as a function of genetic material

Diseases that occur in corn crops can cause great losses to farmers and consumers of its product and derivatives. So, was evaluated the sanity of maize grains in different genetic materials. The grains used were obtained from the crop of 2014/2015 on a farm in the city of Sorriso, State of Mato Grosso. For this, grain samples were collected from hybrids P3630H, 30F53YH, P2830H, and P3844H. The standard test (Blotter Test) allowed noticing the incidence of Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. In treatments with the resistant genetic material the genus with the highest incidence was Penicillium sp. (82%), followed by Fusarium sp. (68.75%) and Aspergillus sp. (15.25%). The hybrid with the lower incidence of Fusarium sp. was P2830H (59%). The hybrid with greater resistance to Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. was P3844H (5 and 55%, respectively). The most susceptible hybrid to pathogens Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. was 30F53YH (37, 79 and 94%, respectively). For the better sanitary quality of grains, based on the observed data, it is recommended to use the hybrid P2830H

Advances in genome studies in plants and animals.

The area of plant and animal genomics covers the entire suite of issues in biology because it aims to determine the structure and function of genetic material. Although specific issues define research advances at an organism level, it is evident that many of the fundamental features of genome structure and the translation of encoded information to function share common ground. The Plant and Animal Genome (PAG) conference held in San Diego (California), in January each year provides an overview across all organisms at the genome level, and often it is evident that investments in the human area provide leadership, applications, and discoveries for researchers studying other organisms. This mini-review utilizes the plenary lectures as a basis for summarizing the trends in the genome-level studies of organisms, and the lectures include presentations by Ewan Birney (EBI, UK), Eric Green (NIH, USA), John Butler (NIST, USA), Elaine Mardis (Washington, USA), Caroline Dean (John Innes Centre, UK), Trudy Mackay (NC State University, USA), Sue Wessler (UC Riverside, USA), and Patrick Wincker (Genoscope, France). The work reviewed is based on published papers. Where unpublished information is cited, permission to include the information in this manuscript was obtained from the presenters.

Tantalizing Glimpses into a Fragmented Genome

Tantalizing Glimpses into a Fragmented Genome

Genomics Rises To Drug Discovery Challenge

From the ACS meeting With pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology firms always looking for ways to discover new medicines more quickly and more efficiently, they are increasingly turning to new genomics and proteomics technologies to speed things along. Genomics is the study of the structure and function of genetic material in chromosomes; proteomics is the systematic analysis of protein expression in healthy and diseased tissue. Scientists working on the international Human Genome Project are currently vying with Celera Genomics, Rockville, Md., to be first to sequence and publish essentially the entire human genome, with completion now predicted for 2001 at the latest. With this enormous body of information coming online so soon, pharmaceutical researchers are gearing up to use it in drug discovery efforts. They want to use the human sequence data to identify new drug targets—natural proteins in the body with which drugs can interact—and also as a basis for figuring out how to ...

Ein pseudoallel-spezifischer Suppressor bei Salmonella typhimurium

In Salmonella typhimurium, UV-irradiation of the histidine-deficient mutant hi-31 induced a slowly growing reversion to histidine-independence. This formed colonies much smaller than wildtype. By means of transduction the newly created character “small colony” was proved to be heritable. As demonstrated by the following experiments this was due to an independant suppressor-mutation (S-31). After UV-irradiation of hi-31/S-31 a small fraction of cells forming large colonies, revealed growth-characteristics of wildtype. After transduction of small colony type cells by phages raised on wildtype the same large colonies were obtained. Expected to be of genotype hi-31+/S-31, they were used as donor for transduction of hi-31. Both, large colonies (hi-31+/S-31) and small colonies (hi-31/S-31) were isolated, which proved to be stable in further transfers. 26 histidin-requiring mutants, belonging to 4 groups, each of them characterised by the same block in histidine synthesis, were transduced with phage raised on hi-31/S-31. None of them exhibited changes of growth characteristics, resulting from the incorporation of the suppressor-gene. Thus the suppressor S-31 turned out to be pseudoallel-specific. This result is considered as evidence that pseudoalleles of the histidine series in Salmonella typhimurium not only are units of recombination but also of function of genetic material. The differences between levels of functions exhibited by units which have been called pseudoalleles by various investigators are discussed in connection with the gene concept.