Function Of Apparatus Research Articles

Features of Public Administration Ensuring Security under the Legal Regime of Martial Law in Ukraine

Background: The functioning of the state apparatus under the legal regime of martial law causes significant changes in both the organisational and procedural nature of public administration. Methods: The results of research on the functioning of the state apparatus under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law and practice materials in the form of published statistical and journalistic reports from open sources of information were processed using general scientific and special research methods. Results and Conclusions: As a result of this research, the following recommendations were formulated in the adaptation of public administration: the need to introduce clear distribution and definition of the competences of military and civil administration bodies, as well as the definition of further control mechanisms when granting an additional scope of powers to military and civil administration bodies under martial law conditions; ‘revisions’ regarding justification for the exercise of such powers; the implementation of restrictive measures of the legal regime of martial law should take place in a clear, legally defined sequence, taking into account the presence of a legitimate goal of their introduction with special attention to the issue of proportionality between the introduced restrictions and the results of their implementation to achieve the same goal; use of alternative means of communication with citizens with transparent (accessible) presentation of information to establish social dialogue and understanding between governing bodies and citizens; institutionalisation of such means of communication.

Calcium silicate mitigates the physiological stress induced by 6-benzylaminopurine during the in vitro multiplication of Quercus robur

For Quercus species, efficient large-scale proliferation may be dependent on or enhanced by exposure to synthetic cytokinins, such as 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). However, it can also induce physiological disturbances. In contrast to BAP, the addition of silicon to the medium has been carried out to improve the characteristics related to growth and physiology during in vitro culture. We aimed to assess the morphophysiological modulations in Quercus robur shoots exposed to BAP and calcium silicate (CaSiO3), used alone or synergistically, during in vitro multiplication. Shoots were cultured with BAP at 0 or 3.50 μM combined with CaSiO3 concentrations at 0, 6, 12, or 18 μM. The morphophysiological traits and photosynthetic apparatus functioning were quantified at 46 days of growth. De novo shoot regeneration was verified only in explants cultured under BAP exposure. Shoots cultured with CaSiO3 supplementation and BAP-free media had the largest leaf area, which was a response to larger epidermal cells. Additionally, thicker tissues (adaxial epidermis, palisade, and spongy parenchyma) were observed in leaves that grew under CaSiO3. BAP supplementation induced shoots with a ∼18% reduction of the contents of chlorophyll and phenolic compounds. BAP also induced harmful effects on the photosynthetic apparatus, reducing 8% of the fraction of oxygen-evolving complex (OEC centers) and 33% of active reaction centers (RC/CSm). Such results were attenuated when the shoots were co-exposed to CaSiO3. The positive effects of CaSiO3 were confirmed by the ≥ 42% increase in the total performance index (PI(TOTAL)). The addition in the concentration range between 12 and 18 μM CaSiO3 can mitigate the harmful effects of BAP during the in vitro multiplication phase of Q. robur.

Simulation of Complex Biomolecular Systems: The Ribosome Challenge.

Large biomolecular systems are at the heart of many essential cellular processes. The dynamics and energetics of an increasing number of these systems are being studied by computer simulations. Pushing the limits of length- and timescales that can be accessed by current hard- and software has expanded the ability to describe biomolecules at different levels of detail. We focus in this review on the ribosome, which exemplifies the close interplay between experiment and various simulation approaches, as a particularly challenging and prototypic nanomachine that is pivotal to cellular biology due to its central role in translation. We sketch widely used simulation methods and demonstrate how the combination of simulations and experiments advances our understanding of the function of the translation apparatus based on fundamental physics.

К ВОПРОСУ АНАЛИЗА И ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

In modern geopolitical realities, determined by military conflicts, economic instability, political and informational provocations, various types of sanctions against Russia by unfriendly states, issues of strengthening the national security of the Russian Federation, primarily related to the activities of state and municipal governments, have come to the fore. plan. The effectiveness of their activities contributes to the growth and development of the national economy, raising the standard of living of citizens, creating political stability in the state, improving state and public security, national defense, strengthening the international prestige and competitiveness of the Russian Federation at the world level. Particularly acute was the issue of improving the efficiency of public administration, in connection with ensuring the economic security of the state, associated with countering sanctions pressure from Western countries and the United States, which openly declare the destruction of Russia. Under these conditions, the organization of effective management, which solves issues of national importance, is given a decisive role in shaping the sustainable development of the state, where the main importance is given to the creation and effective functioning of a management apparatus that promptly responds to the issues and challenges of our time. In this regard, the analysis of the effectiveness of public administration, as well as related criteria and indicators for evaluating management, is an important activity of state and municipal authorities at all levels of government.

Altered Quality of Life in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Review

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD’s) represents a cluster of disorders that include the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) and also the masticatory apparatus. Any alteration in its function will have an impact on the overall function of the masticatory apparatus and in turn the stomatognathic system. Though the aetiology, symptoms, and treatment modalities for TMD’s have been extensively studied, they remain a subject of prime concern for clinicians as it not only affects the form and function but also negatively affects the overall standard of living of the patient. Symptoms of TMD’s such as chronic pain, restriction of function, and psychological effects lead to a lower Quality of Life (QoL) for the patient, which is caused due to various factors such as chronic pain, sleep deprivation, and stress or anxiety. Additionally, personal, professional, and social problems directly or indirectly affect the lifestyle of the patient. Some extra-craniofacial symptoms such as otologic and neurologic symptoms tend to worsen the situation. Majority of patients reporting to an orthodontist present with atleast one symptom of TMD that has affected their QoL. Various questionnaires can be used to assess the patient’s QoL, and plan the treatment accordingly. Managing TMD’s at an early stage while considering these factors and a multidisciplinary approach may help in improving the QoL of the patient.

Possibilities of remediation of the personnel substrate of the Slovak public administration

!e public perception and evaluation of the functionality of public authorities depends on the personnel substrate of public administration bodies. !e public is primarily focused on its own problems of everyday life, in the solution of which the public administration and especially its personnel have their share. !e work and attitudes of the personnel of public authorities towards citizens as clients receiving and using speci"c services provided by the public administration organisations naturally also re$ect the public’s attitude towards their own statehood. !ese social relations are inherently highly variable and therefore politically and socially extremely fragile. All the more importance should therefore be attached to the personnel base of the public administration bodies by the public authorities. Public administration reforms are intended to be a means of rationalising the activities of the public administration system. As a rule, however, they are oriented towards revitalising its organisational structure and institutional network, but not towards improving the functioning of the bureaucratic apparatus of the state. Despite the fact that the true essence and goal of its professional activities is such administration of public afairs, which must ideally be carried out solely for the bene"t of the citizens of the state. Since public administration bodies are made up of collectives of people who form an essentially heterogeneous conglomerate in the form of a personnel system, albeit outwardly homogeneous, the state can in fact regulate the guarantees of its operation only to a certain extent and within certain limits. !e decisive place, that is to say, the guarantee and the task of ful"lling the functions attributed to the public administration by the state, therefore belongs to the work portfolio of public administration officials of all levels and types, other managerial employees and the executive bureaucratic apparatus. Officials employed by the state itself in the public administration must therefore meet certain personal, professional and quali"cation criteria. If these requirements are in a divergent relationship with reality, then it is not at all possible for public servants to carry out the internal and external functions of the state in accordance with the political, economic, social and cultural aims of the political power. Although the value of each state as a sovereign political form of organisation of society can be classi"ed according to various indicators, perhaps the most signi"cant are those that can be conceived and monitored on the basis of the establishment and evaluation of the achieved parameters of the quality of life of its population. !e quality of life of the population is also determined by the way in which public affairs are managed. Public administration is therefore a speci"c service of the state provided to the public in its interest and under its responsibility. It is therefore also measurable by the level of satisfaction achieved by the population with its performance. In terms of quality, the performance of public administration is almost exclusively in the hands of the apparatus of public administration bodies, their personnel base (personnel substrate). !is is why the actions of individual officials integrated into the personnel base of the public administration have a signi"cant impact on public opinion. Rersefore, the search for possibilities leading to the improvement of the quality of the activities of the personnel base of the Slovak public administration is still a topical task of both science and practice.

Sources of synergy in state budget digitalization of the Kyrgyz Republic

The course towards the “digitalization” of the state’s entire economy which implies a comprehensive coverage with penetration into economic activity and the digital technology system is currently the main course of the post-industrial society. The processes of digitalization and transparency of budgetary relations aim to address issues related to the efficiency of budget spending and the optimal functioning of the state apparatus. Transparency of the given processes helps to reduce transaction costs, tackle corrupt practices and contribute to saving budgetary and other resources. Thus, digitalization of the state budget significantly increases the economic effect as a result of the sharing of individual elements of the system. The expected positive results in the digitalization of budgetary processes in the Kyrgyz Republic are classified as follows: savings on material costs; ensuring a minimum space in the functioning of public finances; reduction of time losses in obtaining, processing, storing and transmitting the relevant data; increasing the adoption of high-quality management decisions; EDS owner identification, etc. Therefore, the action of all these positive elements will become a source of a synergy effect in the process of the state budget digitalization.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ АРХИВНЫХ ФОНДОВ О ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ВСЕРОССИЙСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА ОХРАНЫ ПАМЯТНИКОВ ИСТОРИИ И КУЛЬТУРЫ. 1965–1980-Е ГОДЫ

The article presents a review of Russian archival funds related to the protection of historical and cultural heritage and the activities of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (hereinafter VOOPIK, or the Society). The study is based on materials from various state organizations, including the State Ar-chive of the Russian Federation (GARF), the Perm State Archive of Socio-Political History (PermGASPI), the State Archive of the Perm Krai (GAPK), the Center for Documentation of Public Organizations of the Sverdlovsk Oblast (CDOOSO), the United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Oblast (OGACHO), and the Perm Museum of Local Lore (PKM). The relevance of the study lies in the growing interest of the state, academia and society in both grassroots activism and mass voluntary organizations in the late Soviet Union. The Soviet experience is particularly valuable as many of its initiatives are being revisited in contemporary Russian reality. The main basis for Soviet studies are ar-chival sources, which are regularly introduced into academic circulation. The aim of the article is to study and classi-fy archival sources on the above topic. In addition to the review, the article provides a brief historiographical over-view of the problem's research status, as well as a historical note on the activities of the VOOPIK. The author identi-fies several types of sources in archival funds and provides a brief description of each. An important role in studying the activity of Soviet mass organizations is played by the determination of the levels of research – from the republi-can (RSFSR) to regional (oblast, krai, ASSR) and grassroots (district, city) levels. This division justifies the use of both central and regional archives, as the archival sources from Central Archive (GARF) provide an understanding of the specifics of the functioning of the central apparatus of the VOOPIK, while the sources of regional archives recre-ate a picture of activism on “grassroots level” where the main productive activities of the Society took place. When using archives of different levels, one can change the optics of research and study VOOPIK from different angles. The study pays particular attention to the “Letters to VOOPIK” written by Soviet citizens to authorities, media, and voluntary organizations regarding the protection of historical and cultural heritage. These letters, which were a com-mon practice in Soviet everyday life, can shed light on the motives and goals of the activists.

Normativni aspekti upravnog monitoringa službi bezbednosti Republike Srbije

The historical development of human society has consistently emphasized human rights and freedoms as fundamental principles for the emergence and evolution of a democratic and civil society. This has led to the establishment of modern public administration with a robust legal foundation and legally guided and controlled security services. In such a context, security plays a pivotal role in the existence of a cohesive society, impacting all social and economic aspects. Security services are closely linked to the state, responsible for planning, organizing, and implementing measures and activities aimed at safeguarding individuals and property from various threats. As the entities responsible for these activities within society, security service providers take administrative measures and actions to continually monitor their operations. Therefore, administrative monitoring of security services is of paramount importance for the functioning and transparency of the state's security apparatus. Given the predominantly confidential nature of security service activities, it becomes essential for the public to have assurances that the means employed to carry out these activities are used correctly, legally, economically, and efficiently. This paper primarily focuses on identifying the specifics of administrative monitoring of the security services in the Republic of Serbia as defined by the norms established in system laws and related regulations. In conclusion, this work underscores that administrative monitoring essentially entails an ongoing process of external and internal supervision and control over the execution of daily tasks and responsibilities of security services. This oversight is achieved through the implementation of appropriate administrative actions and measures, the effectiveness of which is instrumental in realizing the powers and authorities defined by law.

Effects of Microbeam Irradiation on Rodent Esophageal Smooth Muscle Contraction.

High-dose-rate radiotherapy has shown promising results with respect to normal tissue preservation. We developed an ex vivo model to study the physiological effects of experimental radiotherapy in the rodent esophageal smooth muscle. We assessed the physiological parameters of the esophageal function in ex vivo preparations of the proximal, middle, and distal segments in the organ bath. High-dose-rate synchrotron irradiation was conducted using both the microbeam irradiation (MBI) technique with peak doses greater than 200 Gy and broadbeam irradiation (BBI) with doses ranging between 3.5-4 Gy. Neither MBI nor BBI affected the function of the contractile apparatus. While peak latency and maximal force change were not affected in the BBI group, and no changes were seen in the proximal esophagus segments after MBI, a significant increase in peak latency and a decrease in maximal force change was observed in the middle and distal esophageal segments. No severe changes in physiological parameters of esophageal contraction were determined after high-dose-rate radiotherapy in our model, but our results indicate a delayed esophageal function. From the clinical perspective, the observed increase in peak latency and decreased maximal force change may indicate delayed esophageal transit.

THE LAW OF PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: EXPERIENCE OF GERMANY AND ECONOMIC AND LEGAL DIMENSION OF ITS CREATION IN UKRAINE

The subject of the study. A new public administration system in Ukraine should be created through administrative reform. The existing system of public administration in Ukraine remains generally inefficient, with an eclectic mix of institutions inherited from the Soviet era and new institutions formed during Ukraine's independence. It is argued that the rapid development of modern social relations naturally causes and is conditioned by the continuous transformation and progress of various sectors of public and state life. Scientific and technological progress, informatization and updating of production methods cause an objective need to revise and adopt fundamentally new legislation, study and implement advanced forms of organization of social relations. It is clear that the construction industry is a component of the national economy, which requires meaningful legal regulation, does not stay away from modern social and state development. The complexity and significance of the construction industry, its multifaceted nature require, in particular, the study and implementation of perfect regulatory mechanisms developed by developed countries with highly developed economies, strong and perfect standards of functioning of the state apparatus, legislation. Methodology. The national construction legislation was reviewed in comparison with the experience of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is concluded that the review of the institutional architecture of the construction industry of the Federal Republic of Germany, the basic principles of the formation of German public construction law as a factor of the modern economy, its progressive forms and methods has been carried out. The content of this branch of public law, its impact on economic processes in the state, the formation and change of the main economic indicators are assessed. The conclusion is made about the objective connection between the state and development of national legislation, in particular construction legislation, and the degree of economic development of the state. The purpose of the study. By choosing the strategic path of institutional and fundamental reforms, Ukraine also implements the best legal and state experience of modern progressive states with developed democracy, state-building and law-making, developed economy. In the field of law and law-making, improvement of legal education and science the experience of the Federal Republic of Germany has proved its perfection, efficiency and progressiveness for Ukraine. German public construction law is not the only area that has become a model for domestic public law and legislation, in particular, it is worth mentioning the German experience of administrative procedure law and legislation, which was used in the adoption of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine, and administrative procedure law and legislation, which was the basis for the preparation of the Law of Ukraine "On Administrative Procedure". Thus, the time-tested and experienced German administrative and legal theory has become one of the prerequisites for the creation and development of national branches of public law, including the law of public construction. The economic and legal dimension of public construction law in Ukraine is that the construction industry is a productive sector of the economy, the efficiency and successful functioning of which depends on a simultaneous set of factors, including, in particular, the availability and completeness of national construction and administrative and procedural legislation, the development of the theory of public construction law, transparency and validity of the activities of administrative bodies in the field of construction. Conclusion of study. It is concluded that the new branch of national special administrative law – publicc construction law of Ukraine is manifested in three dimensions: the substantive dimension of national public construction law and the prerequisites for its formation and further development; European (foreign) experience of legal regulation of public construction; economic and legal dimension of its creation in Ukraine.

SURGICAL TACTICS FOR THE INFLOW VARICOTHROMOPHLEBITIS

Purpose of the study. To develop the surgical tactics for the inflow varicothrombophlebitis.
 Methods. The paper analyzes of the examination and treatment results in 314 patients suffering the inflow varicothrombophlebitis. Localization, length, borders of thrombotic occlusion, level of proximal and distal edges of thrombotic occlusion, the thrombotic masses character, the function of the valvular apparatus of the large and small subcutaneous veins, the presence or absence of venous reflux and varicose transformation of the main trunk were estimated during ultrasound examination. The data of ultrasound examination for inflow varicothrombophlebitis made it possible to analyzes the venous hemodynamics, predict the danger of the formation of a floating tip of thrombotic masses and the rate of growth of thrombotic masses towards on the large subcutaneous vein trunk and insufficient perforant veins of the lower leg.
 Results. Detection for the inflow varicothromophlebitis during ultrasound diagnostics served as an indicator of urgent surgery due to the threat of thrombotic masses spread on the main trunk or deep venous system. Isolated operative treatment the inflow varicothrombophlebitis was performed in 158 (50,3%) patients. In 156 (49,7%) patients, the volume of surgical treatment the inflow varicothrombophlebitis was expanded in order to eliminate the chronic venous insufficiency due to varicose veins and prevent the recurrence of thrombophlebitis.
 Conclusion. Following an active surgical tactics for the inflow varicothrombophlebitis have permitted to prevent effectively the spread of thrombtotic process on the large subcutaneous vein trunk and insufficient perforant veins, as well as to prevent the development of thrombosis in deep veins and venous thromboembolism morbidity. At the same time the operation volume reduction due to the inflow thrombophlebitis presence in the patient gave a chance to preserve the intact subcutaneous vein for possible further reconstructive interventions and to prevent the chronic venous insufficiency development as well.

РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С РЕДУЦИРОВАННЫМИ АЛЬВЕОЛЯРНЫМИ ОТРОСТКАМИ, В РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ КОТОРЫХ БЫЛИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНЫ МЕТОДЫ КОСТНОЙ ПЛАСТИКИ И ДЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the problems of using dental implants in complex anatomical conditions due to bone deficiency. The probability of a favorable outcome after the treatment is quite high, which in turn is supported by the long-term results obtained after using various approaches in the rehabilitation of patients with a reduced volume of jaw bone tissue. Of course, the rehabilitation of such patients is difficult not only in terms of surgical preparation, but also in terms of orthopedic benefits, which impose restrictions on the capabilities of the patient's chewing and speech apparatus. In turn, the patient is faced with the task of maintaining as long as possible the result that the doctor originally sought, namely, using various methods of bone grafting, to create the necessary amount of bone tissue for the installation of implants, which are later used for orthopedic constructions, largely replenishing the functional characteristics. previously lost dentition. There are many studies that are devoted to modern methods of rehabilitation of patients with reduced alveolar processes of the jaws, however, only a small part affects the observation of delayed results of treatment of patients using bone grafting methods in combination with dental implantation. One of the advantages of this study is the ability to follow in dynamics what happens to these patients over a time period of up to 10 years, how strong the adaptive capabilities of the body are after major surgical interventions, what patient management tactics turned out to be the most effective. The assessment of the quality of life of such patients makes it possible to fully determine the feasibility of the operations and techniques to restore the function of the masticatory-speech apparatus. The duration of the positive result obtained directly depends on the further interaction between the doctor and the patient. The key point is the dispensary observation of the patient, as a result of which the doctor gains clinical experience, and therefore the ability to predict further complications with one or another approach to the rehabilitation of patients in this category. On the other hand, for an objective assessment of the treatment performed, it is necessary to determine a common denominator that reflects the quality of life of our patients, therefore, the article presents the results of chewing assessment, as a fundamental criterion for the quality of life for most of these patients, using the SF-36 questionnaire, which is a kind of translator between subjective feelings of the patient and an objective assessment of the doctor.

Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial function implicated in Alzheimer’s disease through polygenic risk and RNA sequencing

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been widely adopted as a tool for measuring common variant liability and they have been shown to predict lifetime risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. However, the relationship between PRS and AD pathogenesis is largely unknown. To this end, we performed a differential gene-expression and associated disrupted biological pathway analyses of AD PRS vs. case/controls in human brain-derived cohort sample (cerebellum/temporal cortex; MayoRNAseq). The results highlighted already implicated mechanisms: immune and stress response, lipids, fatty acids and cholesterol metabolisms, endosome and cellular/neuronal death, being disrupted biological pathways in both case/controls and PRS, as well as previously less well characterised processes such as cellular structures, mitochondrial respiration and secretion. Despite heterogeneity in terms of differentially expressed genes in case/controls vs. PRS, there was a consensus of commonly disrupted biological mechanisms. Glia and microglia-related terms were also significantly disrupted, albeit not being the top disrupted Gene Ontology terms. GWAS implicated genes were significantly and in their majority, up-regulated in response to different PRS among the temporal cortex samples, suggesting potential common regulatory mechanisms. Tissue specificity in terms of disrupted biological pathways in temporal cortex vs. cerebellum was observed in relation to PRS, but limited tissue specificity when the datasets were analysed as case/controls. The largely common biological mechanisms between a case/control classification and in association with PRS suggests that PRS stratification can be used for studies where suitable case/control samples are not available or the selection of individuals with high and low PRS in clinical trials.

Long-term results of the restoration of the mobility of the mandible after fractures and prolonged immobilization

BACKGROUND: Fractures of the lower jaw accounts for up to 85% of the total number of fractures of the facial bones. Its damage leads to the formation of temporary and persistent functional disorders of the stomatognathic apparatus. Understanding the regularities of the processes of restoring the motor functions of the mandible and chewing apparatus is necessary for planning and improving rehabilitation programs in these patients.
 AIM: To examine the degree and rate of restoration of the amplitude of movements of the mandible in the long-term period of the rehabilitation stage of patients with mandibular fractures.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 40 patients with unilateral and bilateral mandibular fractures, who made up two groups depending on the volume of treatment according to current clinical protocols: group 1 included 22 people who underwent double-jaw splinting during treatment, and group 2 included 18 people who, according to indications, also underwent osteosynthesis of the mandible with subsequent intermaxillary immobilization in the postoperative period. One year after the removal of splinting structures, all mobile patients underwent a clinical assessment of the range of motions of the lower jaw.
 RESULTS: Even 1 year after the successful treatment of patients in the acute period of trauma, despite the implementation of myogymnastics in the rehabilitation period, the range of motions of the lower jaw remains limited. In group 1, after 1 year of observations, the average values correspond to the lower limits of the norms according to literature data: opening, 4.35 cm; with protrusion, 0.78 cm; laterotrusion with unilateral fractures in the damaged side, 0.95 cm; intact, 0.91; bilateral, the damaged side 1 (right), 0.86 cm, damaged side 2 (left), 0.86 cm. In group 2, during the observation period, these indicators remained significantly lower, not reaching the limits of the norm in any case. Moreover, in both groups, their values were significantly lower than those of the healthy volunteers
 CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained on the patterns of restoration of the range of motion of the lower jaw after sustaining a fracture and prolonged immobilization in the long-term justify the need to develop and conduct mandatory early comprehensive rehabilitation measures. Their clinical effectiveness should be confirmed from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, which enables the comprehensive assessment of the function of the stomatognathic apparatus. This study established indicators that can be considered control criteria when performing relevant studies.

Assessment of vitality Berberis thunbergii DC. in Kyiv: Photosynthesis and Phytopathology

The process of functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus is one of the most vulnerable to stress factors. The information about the functional state of plants and the prospects for their use in urban greening can provide methods of fluorescence analysis. The objective of this research was to develop the state of plants Berberis thunbergii DC. which grow in the Mariinskyi Park (Kyiv) by the content of photosynthetic pigments and fluorescence induction chlorophyll (FIC). The article presents the results of the evaluation of fluorescence induction (FI) indicators and the content of photosynthetic pigments B. thunbergii according to the degree of damage by powdery mildew. Experimental plants were planted in the chernozem layer of 50 cm (humus content 4 %). The plants grow in a group planting of Picea glauca ‘Conica’ and Chlorophytum comosum ‘Variegatum’ directly 1.5–5 m from the highway under the canopy of Tilia cordata Mill. Moreover, the variability of FI curves in the absence/presence of plant lesions. The authors investigated the relationship between the content of photosynthetic pigments and FI. The degree of damage to experimental plants by powdery mildew affects the total chlorophyll content (a+b) and decreases by approximately 16 %, 7 %, and 5 % compared to the control. Recorded gradually disappear FI curves in plants with the highest degree of damage which affect photochemical reactions due to the slowing down of the outflow of Calvin cycle enzymes.

Reversible changes in structure and function of photosynthetic apparatus of pea (Pisum sativum) leaves under drought stress.

The effects of drought on photosynthesis have been extensively studied, whereas those on thylakoid organization are limited. We observed a significant decline in gas exchange parameters of pea (Pisum sativum) leaves under progressive drought stress. Chl a fluorescence kinetics revealed the reduction of photochemical efficiency of photosystem (PS)II and PSI. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the levels of PSII subunit PSBS increased. Furthermore, the light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) and some of the PSI and PSII core proteins were disassembled in drought conditions, whereas these complexes were reassociated during recovery. By contrast, the abundance of supercomplexes of PSII-LHCII and PSII dimer were reduced, whereas LHCII monomers increased following the change in the macro-organization of thylakoids. The stacks of thylakoids were loosely arranged in drought-affected plants, which could be attributed to changes in the supercomplexes of thylakoids. Severe drought stress caused a reduction of both LHCI and LHCII and a few reaction center proteins of PSI and PSII, indicating significant disorganization of the photosynthetic machinery. After 7 days of rewatering, plants recovered well, with restored chloroplast thylakoid structure and photosynthetic efficiency. The correlation of structural changes with leaf reactive oxygen species levels indicated that these changes were associated with the production of reactive oxygen species.

The Establishment and Functioning of the Administrative Apparatus of the Council of Lithuania (23 September 1917–11 November 1918)

The genesis of the administrative apparatus of the Council of Lithuania (23 September 1917–11 November 1918) is important, because it visualises and conceptualises the activities of the Council of Lithuania in the fields that remain unnoticed by historians; it also casts light on the organisational, systematic, and goal-driven activities of the staff of the said apparatus in consolidating and motivating the country’s society for the rebuilding of re-established Lithuania.

The Role of the m6A RNA Methyltransferase METTL16 in Gene Expression and SAM Homeostasis.

The RNA methylation of adenosine at the N6-position (m6A) has attracted significant attention because of its abundance and dynamic nature. It accounts for more than 80% of all RNA modifications present in bacteria and eukaryotes and regulates crucial aspects of RNA biology and gene expression in numerous biological processes. The majority of m6A found in mammals is deposited by a multicomponent complex formed between methyltransferase-like (METTL) proteins METTL3 and METTL14. In the last few years, the list of m6A writers has grown, resulting in an expansion of our understanding of the importance of m6A and the methylation machinery. The characterization of the less familiar family member METTL16 has uncovered a new function of the m6A methylation apparatus, namely the fine-tuning of the cellular levels of the major methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). METTL16 achieves this by adjusting the levels of the enzyme that synthesizes SAM in direct response to fluctuations in the SAM availability. This review summarizes recent progress made in understanding how METTL16 can sense and relay metabolic information and considers the wider implications. A brief survey highlights similarities and differences between METTL16 and the better-known METTL3/14 complex, followed by a discussion of the target specificity, modes of action and potential roles of METTL16.

THE ROLE OF THE CONCEPT OF "GOOD GOVERNANCE" IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HROMADAS

The article emphasizes that decentralization is aimed at significantly improving the quality of services in territorial communities through the use of new management methods. It is substantiated that the following areas require additional support and initiatives: medicine (secondary and higher levels), education (support for basic educational institutions), economy (creation of industrial parks, scientific and technical laboratories, support for startups), housing and communal services (waste management system). The article substantiates the relevance of the work on the development of united territorial communities, based on the implementation of effective anti-corruption measures and modern principles of good governance in the daily practice of management, as these are the priorities set today for local governments. Special attention is paid to the system of "good governance" as the newest form of communication between the public and the authorities. The aspects of improving the governance system are identified. The main management approaches used by successful local governments are described. In order for territorial communities to achieve the results of their activities not only today, but also in the future, modern approaches and practices for the development of dynamic organizations based on trust in government, effective communication, continuous learning and openness to change are proposed. It is proved that in order to bring the system of organization and functioning of public sector institutions closer to business approaches, it is advisable to apply a more business-oriented paradigm of the New Public Management and the principles of good governance. The essence of "good governance" as the newest form of interaction between public authorities and civil society is revealed. Recommendations in the field of management of territorial communities in the light of the concept of good governance are proposed. The aim of the work is to study the role of the newest concept of public administration in the management of territorial communities through a comparative analysis of the postulates related to the process orientation of local government and recommendations for the functioning of public administration in the light of the concept of good governance. The article proposes the use of the good governance cycle and the creation of Project Offices, which can become the basis for formulating recommendations in the field of process orientation in the functioning of the local government apparatus.