Fumigation Method Research Articles

Comparison and Validation of Three Fumigation Methods to Inactivate Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly pathogenic and transmissible disease of cloven-hoofed animals with outbreaks having severe impact on livestock production. FMDV is generally studied in high- to maximum-containment laboratories to prohibit the virus from escaping into the environment. Formaldehyde is still the method of choice for fumigation of rooms and HEPA filters at FMDV facilities. However, formaldehyde, having been shown to be carcinogenic, should ideally be replaced by other, less hazardous methods. Here we show validation results for two different hydrogen peroxide fumigation methods and compare these to formaldehyde fumigation. The results identify hydrogen peroxide as a suitable alternative to formaldehyde fumigation.

Kajian Sistem Pengolahan Pisang Sale dengan Menggunakan Gas Elpiji

Bananas sale or pisang sale is a popular traditional food in Aceh and its production mostly comes from the area of northern Aceh and east Aceh. Traditional banana processing process is using fumigation method by wood fuel and coconut shell. Traditional banana sale is dark brown and tastes is less good. The banana processing process here uses a heating cabinet with a heating method and with an average temperature of 90-70 ° C for 14 hours. The purpose of the study was to obtain the optimal temperature used in the processing of banana sale in order to know the quality and good quality of on the traditional way. The preheating process with high temperature is to accelerate the decrease in water content in bananas so that the drying process becomes faster. The quality of banana sale is produced with a reddish color and very sweet because of glucose in the banana. The cooking process is by using LPG gas. The benefits of using LPG gas are because it is environmentally friendly, does not cause air pollution and the result of LPG combustion does not leave the smell, so it is suitable for use as fuel or raw materials for industry

Toxicities of Eucalyptus dives Oil, 3-Carvomenthenone, and Its Analogues against Stored-Product Insects

The insecticidal toxicities of essential oils and other active components extracted from Eucalyptus dives leaves (as well as structural analogues) were studied against stored-product insects, Plodia interpunctella and Tribolium castaneum. 3-Carvomenthenone was purified from E. dives oil, and the structures were elucidated by electron ionization mass spectra, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence, 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy, and distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer NMR. Using the fumigant method against P. interpunctella larvae and adults, cyclohexenone exhibited the strongest toxicity (50% lethal dose [LD50] against larvae and adults, 2.45 and 3.63 μg/cm3), followed by methylcyclohexenone (2.95 and 4.24 μg/cm3), seudenone (3.02 and 4.44 μg/cm3), and 3-carvomenthenone (52.4 and 68.7 μg/cm3). Using the contact method, cyclohexenone (LD50 against larvae and adults, 17.25 and 19.35 μg/cm2) exhibited the most potent toxicities against T. castaneum larvae and adults, followed by methylcyclohexenone, seudenone, and 3-carvomenthenone. No functional radical on the backbone (2-cyclohexen-1-one) was more toxic than other chemicals. Structure-activity relationships between 3-carvomenthenone analogues and toxicities indicated that the toxicity of 3-carvomenthenone, cyclohexenone, methylcyclohexenone, and seudenone might be conferred through the dermal organs of T. castaneum and P. interpunctella. This study indicates that E. dives oil, 3-carvomenthenone, cyclohexenone, methylcyclohexenone, and seudenone have potential as natural agents to control stored-product insects.

Evaluation of the effect of gasoline fumigation on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with B20 using an experimental investigation and TOPSIS method

Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was used to comprehensively evaluate performance and emission characteristic of DI diesel engine with fumigation gasoline under different engine operating conditions. Diesel and B20 fuel were considered as baseline fuels and gasoline was inducted as fumigation in intake manifold at two different ratio, so that at each operation point, six cases of fuel were tested. The experimental results showed that gasoline fumigation method for both baseline fuels of diesel and B20 results in a significant increase in UHC and CO emissions, and decrease in exhaust gas temperature, smoke opacity and NO and CO2 emissions. Also, gasoline fumigation increased the brake thermal efficiency at medium and higher loads to about 5% for diesel baseline fuel, while the brake thermal efficiency decreased slightly in case of the B20 baseline fuel with gasoline fumigation. Moreover, the using B20 as an alternative fuel to diesel fuel in modes of with fumigation gasoline reduced the UHC and CO emissions, smoke opacity, exhaust gas temperature respectively to about 20.5%, 16.4%, 9% and 1.1% on average throughout engine loading. While, NO emission of B20 was up to 5% higher than diesel at modes with fumigation gasoline. Finally, all criteria of performance and emission were considered and the evaluation process done to obtain final ranking and choosing the best alternative or the best combination of fuel. From the analytical results it was determined that case of B20 with fumigation gasoline results in desirable performance and minimum emissions at some operation points.

PENGARUH LAMA DAN SUHU PENGASAPAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGASAPAN PANAS TERHADAP MUTU IKAN LELE ASAP

This research aims to determine the time and temperature of fumigation using hot fumigation method to tind the quality of smoke eatfish. This research used a completely random design that consist of two treatments; 4 hours and 6 hours and temperature 40 0 C and 50 0 C. The parameters of this research werethe content of water, protein, ash, and hedonic value of smoke catfish. The results of this research showed that the best treatment was 6 hours in temperature 50 0 C by content of water 8.73% , protein 24.63%, and ash 13.36%.

Exhaust emission characteristics of a diesel engine on gasoline fumigation: an experimental investigation and evaluation using the MCDM method

The multi-criteria decision-making method was used to comprehensively evaluate exhaust gas emission characteristics of a diesel engine, while gasoline fumigation was added to reduce pollutant emissions under different operating conditions, namely engine loads (1.9–6.2 bar) and engine speeds (1300 and 2000 rpm). Experiments were performed on a multi-cylinder diesel engine with a mechanically controlled fuel injection pump. The experimental results show that using partially premixed gasoline, the specific NOx and CO2 emissions decrease to about 28 and 7% (averaged over all engine loads), respectively, in comparison with the pure diesel case, while smoke opacity decreases up to 50% at high loads with premixed gasoline. However, increase in the specific CO and HC emissions has been found by applying the same strategy at all loading conditions. The optimum conditions with desirable or minimum emissions characteristics were operation modes with gasoline fumigation at 2.1 bar engine load for 1300 rpm and at 3.8 bar engine load for 2000 rpm. Thus, gasoline fuel as premixed fuel with the fumigation method showed a favorable potential in terms of reducing the main emissions in diesel engines.

Contribution to experimental research of alternate fuel fumigation in single cylinder research diesel engine

The advanced engineering scientific paper encompass the problem of supplying fuel in engine's combustion chamber in order to outline the influence of operating regime and fumigation method upon injection and fuel consumption. It develops a theoretical and experimental approach of the system components from Lombardini compression ignited engine test bench in relation with consumption and fumigation parameters. There was monitored engine speed, dynamic behaviour at some distinct operating loads. The opportunity for experimental research of the fumigation method in compression ignited engine resides in the state of the art technology accessible today for alternate fuel supply inside engine through this process. The results are analysed and discussed in detail. The fuel fumigation method is applicable to the presented engine and leads to some positive behaviour in operation.

Effects of gasoline fumigation on exhaust emission and performance characteristics of a diesel engine with mechanically‐controlled fuel injection pump

One of the various efforts to reduce PM and NO emissions from modern diesel engines is the use of light fuels fumigation as supplement to pilot injected diesel fuel. Present work aims at developing a fumigation system for introduction of gasoline in a diesel engine with mechanically‐controlled fuel injection pump and to determine its effects on emission. Experiments were performed on a 4‐cylinder direct‐injection diesel engine operating at two constant engine speeds for different engine loads. Diesel fuel was considered as baseline fuel and gasoline was inducted as fumigation in intake manifold at two different ratio on every operation modes. The experimental results show that with gasoline fumigation, the specific NOx and CO2 emission decreased to about 28, and 7% (averaged on all engine loads), respectively in comparison with baseline diesel case. While smoke opacity decreases at high loads up to 50%. However, increase in the specific CO and HC emission have been found after use of premixed gasoline at all loading conditions. Moreover, gasoline fumigation can improve brake thermal efficiency slightly at intermediate and high loads. Thus, gasoline fuel as premixed fuel with fumigation method showed a favorable potential in terms of reduction of main emissions and improvement performance in diesel engines with mechanically‐controlled fuel injection pump. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1845–1852, 2018

Dynamics of microbial biomass and community composition after short-term water status change in Chinese paddy soils.

Paddy soil experiences repeated anaerobic and aerobic changes during rice growth, the dramatic dynamics of soil water status accompanied by changes in redox condition and O2 availability. However, the effect of rapid water status change on soil microbial biomass and community composition is not well explored. Here, we present a comprehensive study focusing on the short-term water status change in 13 Chinese paddy soils. In order to gain a reliable way to determine soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in flooded or water-saturated soils, we also evaluated two different procedures (nitrogen bubbled and 100°C water bath) to remove chloroform in extracts during the fumigation process. Compared to non-flooded paddy soils, the flooded paddy soils tended to have a lower microbial biomass, and this was much clearer using adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis compared to biomass measured by the fumigation method. Fungal biomass, which was indicated by both ergosterol and the PLFA 18:2ω6,9c, also decreased after short-term flooding. Changes in soil microbial community composition (determined by PLFA biomarkers) were observed after short-term flooding, but the extent varied between soils. This study indicates that the dynamics of short-term water status altered the soil microbial biomass (ATP, MBC, and total PLFA) and community composition. Finally, our results suggested that liquid fumigation combined with the nitrogen-bubbled method is the best choice for analyzing MBC concentrations in water-saturated soils.

Effects of elevated ozone concentrations on reactive oxygen metabolism and related gene expression in Ginkgo biloba leaves

By using the open top chambers (OTCs) fumigation method, this paper investigated the changes of foliar injury, level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activities and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in Ginkgo biloba leaves under different ozone (ambient ozone≈40, 80, 160, 200 nmol·mol-1) concentrations, in order to study the effects of elevated ozone (O3) concentrations on reactive metabolism. The results showed that the obvious foliar injuries were observed in 160 and 200 nmol·mol-1 O3 treatments, while no visible injury was observed in 80 nmol·mol-1 O3 and ambient O3 treatments. After 20 d, a significant increase in O2-· generation rate was observed in G. biloba leaves exposed to 160, 200 nmol·mol-1 O3, compared with ambient ozone and 80 nmol·mol-1 O3, and there were no significant differences between ambient O3 and 80 nmol·mol-1 treatments. After 40 d, H2O2 content of G. biloba leaves in 160 and 200 nmol·mol-1 O3 was significantly higher than that in 80 nmol·mol-1 and ambient ozone, respectively. The activities of catalase (CAT) in 160 and 200 nmol·mol-1 treatments were also significantly higher than that in 80 nmol·mol-1 and ambient O3 treatments. The ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity of leaves for each elevated O3 treatment was lower than that of ambient ozone. The level of CAT and APX expression increased progressively after 40 d O3 treatment. The expression intensity of GbD was conspicuously strengthened along with the increase of ozone concentration and fumigation time. Le-vel of reactive oxygen increased, activities of antioxidant enzyme decreased, level of gene expression down-regulated, and foliar visible injury was observed in leaves of G. biloba in elevated ozone stress.

Effects of the Botanical Compound p-Anisaldehyde on Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Repellency, Mortality, and Reproduction.

The horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), is an economically important obligate blood feeder that mainly attacks cattle in Europe, Asia, and North and South America. As horn fly resistance to conventional insecticides becomes more common, alternative control tactics, such as application of bioactive botanical natural products are being investigated. p-Anisaldehyde has been found in many plant species, and it has shown effects that include mortality, attractancy, and interference with host seeking. The series of bioassays we developed was effective for assessing a range of horn fly responses to chemicals and probably those of some other filth fly species. In our study, p-anisaldehyde was lethal to horn fly eggs at concentrations of 0.00001%, and possibly less. Mixed into cow manure, 5000-20,000 ppm p-anisaldehyde reduced horn fly larvae by 85.4%-100%. p-Anisaldehyde caused some immobilization of adult horn flies when exposed by direct contract with spray droplets and by fumigation. Mortality was 90%-100% in response to 5%-10% concentrations by 30 min, and LD50 and LD90 values are reported for five times from 30 min-4 h. Complete horn fly mortality was achieved by fumigation with 0.75% p-anisaldehyde by 3 h in an enclosed space, and we determined that fumigation was more (≈12.5-fold) lethal to adult horn flies than sprayed droplets. Although horn flies were not repelled by p-anisaldehyde in static air tube olfactometers, the compound completely deterred feeding from cotton pads soaked in bovine blood in response to concentrations of 0.6% and greater in ventilated containers. Although horn fly control is not likely to use fumigation methods, p-anisaldehyde might be useful for adult control using sprays and egg and larval control using feed-through techniques. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of p-anisaldehyde did not affect horn fly egg production and hatching. Aside from causing different responses in the same species of arthropod, p-anisaldehyde has a variety of effects on other arthropods. Research on this compound as a potentially multifaceted pest management tool has been sparse. This study, for example, is the first to demonstrate p-anisaldehyde's feeding deterrent and immobilization properties and effects on different life stages.

Effects of rate and application method on the efficacy of metam sodium to reduce clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) of canola

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, has become a serious threat to canola (Brassica napus) production in western Canada. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of rate of metam sodium fumigant (dithiocarbamate; sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate; trade name Vapam) and application methods including watering, soil surface covering, and soil incorporation on clubroot of canola. At higher rates (0.4–1.6 mL−1 L soil) metam sodium increased canola seedling emergence and plant health, and reduced root hair infection, gall weight and clubroot severity under greenhouse conditions. Metam sodium application improved subsequent plant growth and reduced clubroot severity, but land preparation and volume of water applied did not affect efficacy. The incorporation of metam sodium into the soil and plastic covering after application improved fumigant efficacy. The study showed that soil fumigation with metam sodium can reduce clubroot severity and improve plant health in the subsequent canola crop.

The high correlation between DNA and chloroform-labile N in various types of soil

Based on the development of a direct DNA extraction method from soil, an estimation of soil microbial biomass by measurement of extracted soil DNA is presented. Chloroform-labile carbon (CLC) and nitrogen (CLN) determined by chloroform fumigation methods have been the major parameters of soil microbial biomass, but to date, there have been few studies of the relationship between DNA and CLN among soils with different characteristics. We applied DNA assays to the estimation of soil microbial biomass in various types of soil in Japan. The quantitative relationships among DNA, CLC and CLN released by the chloroform fumigation–extraction method were examined in 35 soil samples including five different soil types. The amount of DNA was moderately correlated with CLC (r=0.652, n=35), but there was no significant correlation in one of the soil types (fluvisol) representing a typical soil in Japan (r=0.124; n=15). Moreover, there was a strong correlation between DNA and CLN (r=0.887; n=35), and the correlation was high in every major soil type. These findings raise the possibility that DNA could be used to estimate biomass N even among different kinds of soil, with a conversion factor of 2.75 for DNA (μgg−1 soil).

Acaricidal Potentials of the Terpene-rich Essential Oils of Two Iranian Eucalyptus Species against Tetranychus urticae Koch.

There is a rapid growth in the screening of plant materials for finding new bio-pesticides. In the present study, the essential oils of E. oleosa and E. torquata leaves were extracted using a Clevenger apparatus and their chemical profiles were investigated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Among identified compounds, the terpenes had highest amount for both essential oils; 93.59% for E. oleosa and 97.69% for E. torquata. 1,8-Cineole (31.96%), α-pinene (15.25%) and trans-anethole (7.32%) in the essential oil of E. oleosa and 1,8-cineole (28.57%), α-pinene (15.74%) and globulol (13.11%) in the E. torquata essential oil were identified as the main components. The acaricidal activity of the essential oils of E. oleosa and E. torquata were examined using fumigation methods against the adult females of Tetranychus urticae Koch. The essential oils have potential acaricidal effects on T. urticae. The essential oil of E. oleosa with LC50 value of 2.42 µL/L air was stronger than E. torquata. A correlation between log concentration and mite mortality has been observed. Based on the results of present study, it can be stated that the essential oils of E. oleosa and E. torquata have a worthy potential in the management of T. urticae.

Select alternative technology to sulfur fumigation for Astragali Radix based on multi-index method

Sulfur fumigation method is often used in the habitat processing of Astragali Radix in order to make it mothproof, mildewproof and easy to dry; however, this method has great influence on the inherent quality of Astragali Radix. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the alternative technology to sulfur fumigation. In the present paper, appearance characteristics, content of active ingredients, containing water, extracting content and microbial content in Astragali Radix were taken as the indexes to compare the quality of Astragali Radix processed with 9 kinds of processing methods (traditional processing method, sulfur fumigation and 7 kinds of alternative processing technologies). Combined hot air-microwave technology was finally determined as an alternative technology to sulfur fumigation.

Novel soil fumigation method for suppressing cucumber Fusarium wilt disease associated with soil microflora alterations

Fusarium wilt in cucumber results from continuous cropping and is a serious soil-borne fungal disease that threatens cucumber production around the world. The application of a novel fumigation agent based on ammonium bicarbonate to the soil as a strategy for controlling Fusarium wilt and its effects on soil microflora was investigated in a field with serious disease incidence in this study. Overall, the results showed that fumigation effectively controlled cucumber Fusarium wilt disease and significantly increased the total and mean cucumber fruit weight. Real-Time PCR results showed that the total bacterial and fungal numbers in the treatment (LAB) significantly decreased after fumigation and that significantly fewer fungi were observed after harvest (LABOF). The next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes using MiSeq platform showed that the soil bacterial and fungal community structures in the fumigation treatment were significantly different from the control without fumigation regardless after fumigation or harvest. Compared to the control, higher abundances of Gemmatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobia and Zygomycota, and lower abundance of Ascomycota were observed in the fumigated soils after fumigation and harvest. Furthermore, the abundances of Mortierella and Gp1 were significantly higher. Most importantly, the abundance of Fusarium, which includes the pathogen potentially responsible for cucumber Fusarium wilt disease, was significantly lower in the fumigated soils after harvest. Redundancy analysis showed that the fumigated soils were dominated by Ohtaekwangia, Gp6, and Gp4, which were related to the soil total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4–N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N) contents. In addition, Penicillium and Pseudaleuria fungi were dominant in the treatment and control, and the control was dominated by Fusarium. In conclusion, the observed disease suppression due to the novel ecological soil fumigation strategy may be attributed to general suppression resulting from altered soil properties, such as higher soil NH4–N, NO3–N and TON contents, and the alteration of the disturbed soil microflora in a cucumber monoculture system.

Fumigant toxicity of plant essential oils in controlling thrips,Frankliniella schultzei(thysanoptera: thripidae) and mealybug,Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Insecticidal activity of 18 plant essential oils against adults of thrips (Frankliniella schultzei (trybom)) and larvae of mealybug (Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel & Miller) were primarily investigated by using fumigation method. Later, various concentrations of the highly effective essential oils (resulting in more than 80% mortality) were tested. Major constituents in the commonly effective essential oils against both insects were analyzed. then, fumigant toxicities of the standard chemicals and the selected essential oils were studied and compared. the results showed that the essential oils of clove (Syzygium aromaticum Merr. & L.M. Perry), cinnamon (Cinnamomum bejolghota (buch.-Ham.) sweet) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus (dc.ex.nees)) showed commonly high fumigant toxicity against the thrips and mealybug with the Lc50 at 1.14–1.48 and 1.12–1.58 μl/L air, respectively. the major chemicals found were eugenol in clove and cinnamon oils (97.100 and 82.054%, respectively) and citral (trans-citral and cis-citral) in lemongrass (69.730%). In general, the essential oil presented higher fumigant toxicity than the standard chemical. study revealed that a combination of various compounds resulted in synergism and higher insecticidal activity.

Investigation on mycoflora of poultry breeding houses’ air and studying the efficacy of spraying and fumigation on inactivating the airspora

Background: A common concern of the poultry industry is the presence of fungal pathogens in the birds’ environment, which may constitute a considerable health hazard to the birds, farmers, and those living in proximity of the farm. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess the mycoflora in the indoor and outdoor environments of poultry breeding houses and studying the efficacy of disinfection methods, including spraying and fumigation, on reducing airspora concentration. METHODS: Indoor air of 12 poultry houses were sampled by exposing Petri dishes containing Sabouraud’s glucose agar after removal of old litter, spraying with disinfectant solutions, and fumigation with formalin plus permanganate. The plates were incubated at 30 °C for seven days and fungi were counted and identified microscopically and macroscopically according to standard mycological methods. RESULTS: A total of 182 and 181 fungal colonies were recovered from indoor and outdoor air of poultry houses, respectively. Candida (30.2%) and Aspergillus (26.9%) species were the most common yeast and mold in the indoor, respectively, whereas Alternaria (37.6%) and Candida (19.3%) species were the most predominant fungi in the outdoor air of poultry houses. Disinfection of the poultry houses using spraying and fumigation methods led to a 38.1% and 75% reduction in airspora concentration (p<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of the present study, Candida spp and Alternaria spp had the highest indoor and outdoor concentrations in poultry breeding houses’ air, respectively, and fumigation was the most efficient method in reducing airspora.

Accurate and Precise Measurement of Organic Carbon Content in Carbonate-Rich Soils

Accurate measurement of soil organic carbon (SOC) is dependent on precise and fast methods for the separation of organic and inorganic carbon. The widely used methods involving thermal decomposition of soil samples at a specific temperature in an automated carbon (C) analyzer are susceptible to interference by carbonates and overestimation of organic C, and thus removal of carbonates by acid pretreatment of samples is recommended. Two carbonate-removal pretreatments including hydrochloric (HCl) acid addition and HCl fumigation are compared using the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) standard and soil samples of varying SOC contents. Both pretreatment methods provided similar measurements of organic C, indicating that both methods are efficient in removal of carbonates present in the soil. However, the HCl fumigation method exhibited greater accuracy and precision compared to the HCl addition method. Hence, SOC measurement procedure involving HCl fumigation as a pretreatment for the removal of carbonates is recommended for carbonate-rich soils.

Assessment of Health of Reclaimed Limestone Mine Spoil using Microbial Biomass Carbon as Biological Indicator

The mining and quarrying in hill ranges of Mussoorie and Dehradun was the glaring example of deforestation and damages of forest resources at 70s and 80s. Mussoorie, the queen of hill station and Doon valley had been stripped off its green cover during this period. This reckless and unscientific exploitation of limestone deposits occurred without any thought for consequential environmental effects. The ecological restoration of these mined areas started almost more than two decades (around 80s) earlier by different agencies through applying mechanical, physical and biological measures. The microbial biomass consists mostly of bacteria and fungi which decompose plant, animal residues and soil organic matter to release carbon dioxide and plant available nutrients such as nitrogen (N), into the soil that are available for plant uptake. It is also an early indicator of changes in total Soil Organic Carbon (SOC). Unlike Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) responds quickly to soil changes. About half of the microbial biomass is located in the surface 10 cm of a soil profile. It is commonly affected by factors such as water, carbon content of soil, soil types, climate and management practices. The study was under taken to assess the role of rehabilitation/restoration of limestone mined area of Mussoorie hill on improving the health of soil using Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) as biological indicator. The study demonstrated the soil health status of reclaimed lime stone mine site which was dominated by Cupressus torulosa. Besides that Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) was also estimated under the natural forest of Quercus leucotrichophora as a control. It was estimated by Chloroform Fumigation method. It has been observed that the MBC of soil under reclaimed mined soil dominated by Cupressus torulosa ranges from 200 µg/gm to 600 µg/gm and in natural forest of Quercus leucotrichophora (Banj Oak) it ranges from 600 – 800 µg/gm which is higher than the reclaimed site. Though the MBC in reclaimed site is lower than the natural forest, however it indicating the improvement of soil quality of reclaimed mined spoil due to rehabilitation efforts carried out in these mined areas. The substratum of soil and nutrient limitation for microbial communities can affect the central role in the soil nutrient cycling which facilitate the microbial biomass. It can be concluded that reclaimed limestone mine site improving with time and it may take some more time to improve the spoil to reach the nutrient level up to natural forest.