Full-time Work Research Articles

The role of supervisor support in the association between night work and depressive symptoms: a gender-stratified analysis of 22,422 full-time wage workers in South Korea.

This study investigated the relationship between night work, supervisor support, and depressive symptoms among full-time wage workers, with a focus on gender differences. A nationwide sample of 22,422 full-time wage workers from the Sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020-2021) was analyzed. Experiences of night work were categorized into 5 groups based on the number of night work days per month: 0, 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and 16-31. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index. Supervisor support was assessed with 5 items. Workers who engaged in 1-5 days (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12-1.36) and 6-10 days (PR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06-1.30) of night work per month exhibited a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than those without night work. After stratifying by supervisor support levels, workers with 1-5, 6-10 and 11-15 days of night work per month were more likely to experience depressive symptoms compared to those without night work in the low supervisor support group. In contrast, no association was found between night work (≥ 6 days) and depressive symptoms in the high supervisor support group. Furthermore, gender differences were notable: female workers with 6-10 days (PR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.23-1.70), and 11-15 days (PR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.08-1.90) of night work per month exhibited a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, whereas their male counterparts did not. This pattern of gender difference was also found among those with low supervisor support. Supervisor support may mitigate the adverse effects of night work on depressive symptoms among full-time wage workers, with differences manifested across genders.

Factors Associated with Post-term Birth and its Relationship to Neonatal Mortality in Japan: An Analysis of National Data From 2017 to 2022.

Prior research has not yet examined the relationship between post-term birth and neonatal mortality in Japan, along with factors associated with post-term birth. We investigated these associations utilizing nationwide birth data from Japan. Birth and mortality data were obtained from the Vital Statistics of Japan for the years 2017 to 2022. The post-term birth rate was calculated by birth characteristics, and the neonatal mortality rates for post-term and term births were computed. Additionally, log-binomial regression analysis was employed to explore the associations between post-term birth and neonatal mortality, as well as between various characteristics and post-term birth. The characteristics considered included infant sex, maternal age group, parity, maternal nationality, maternal marital status, and household occupation. This study analyzed data from 4,698,905 singleton infants born at 37 weeks of gestational age or later. Regression analysis revealed that post-term birth was positively associated with neonatal mortality. The adjusted risk ratio for neonatal mortality in post-term compared to term births was 8.07 (95% confidence interval, 5.06 to 12.86). Factors positively associated with post-term birth included female infant sex, older maternal age, primiparity, non-Japanese maternal nationality, unmarried status, and various household occupations, including farmer, full-time worker at a smaller company, other type of worker, and unemployed. Younger maternal age was inversely associated with post-term birth. In Japan, post-term birth represents a risk factor for neonatal mortality. Additionally, sociodemographic characteristics, such as maternal marital status, nationality, and parity were found to be predictors of post-term birth.

Legal support of social guarantees for persons employed in the gig economy: Russian and foreign experience

The subject. Legal support of social guarantees for persons employed in the gig economy: russian and foreign experienceThe purpose of the article is to reveal the features of providing social guarantees to gig workers, as well as protecting their rights through the institution of trade unions, to give the concept of “guarantees of gig workers”, “social guarantees of gig workers” The methodology includes systematic approach, comparative method, formal-logical method, formal-legal method, analysis, synthesis.The main results of the research. The situation of gig workers appears to be less protected in terms of their rights and the guarantees provided to them. In this regard, there is a need to determine what social guarantees should be provided to which categories of gig workers, as well as possible measures of social protection for such persons. There is a need to once again ensure the rights of workers employed in self-employment or platform employment. A definition of guarantees for gig workers is proposed: guarantees are the means, methods and conditions by which the implementation of the rights granted to gig workers in the field of employment and their social security is ensured. Social guarantees for gig workers can be defined as a set of social and legal obligations of the state to workers employed in the gig economy (self-employment, platform employment), aimed at creating the necessary conditions for them to perform their work and meet their social needs and professional interests.In cases where a gig worker is, in some respects, close in his legal status to an employee under an employment contract (full-time work, etc.), his pension and social insurance should give him the maximum opportunity for social guarantees in case of temporary disability and in connection with retirement.

Balancing family and career for female physicians in Germany: insights from asurvey of female urologists

The shortage of skilled labor in medicine is one of the most pressing challenges in healthcare. The increasing number of women in medicine, particularly in the field of urology, raises questions about the compatibility of family and career, especially concerning the work environment and working time models. The aim of this study is to capture the impact of motherhood on the professional lives of female physicians and scientists in the field of urology in Germany. Specific challenges in this surgical specialty and the compatibility of family and career will be highlighted. The working group "Female Physicians and Scientists in Urology" of the German Society of Urology (DGU) surveyed its 1343female members regarding demographic data, professional status, and aspects of work-life balance. Among 487female urologists in Germany, 53.4% had children. Mothers tended to be older, less frequently in training, less often in inpatient settings, and less frequently engaged in surgical activities. Notably, the proportion of full-time working mothers (36.2%) was significantly lower compared to female urologists without children (92.4%). Among female urologists with children, 32.3% reported having changed their workplace because of their children, while 10.7% indicated that their responsibilities had changed at least once after pregnancy. Additionally, 76.9% of mothers had reduced their weekly working hours due to family commitments. Multivariate analysis showed an influence of motherhood on professional status and parttime work. The fact that starting afamily for women in urology in Germany is associated with areduction in working hours and the end of clinical careers suggests aneed for optimizing the compatibility of family and career in Germany. The increasing feminization of the medical profession exacerbates the existing shortage of skilled workers due to the exit of mothers from professional life. To meet the needs of working parents, particularly mothers, urgent adjustments in the work environment are necessary. Promoting flexible working time models and creating supportive conditions are crucial to preventing the loss of skilled professionals and maintaining job satisfaction in this field.

Associations between income/employment status and diabetes care processes, health behaviors, and health outcomes in Japan: A cross-sectional study using claims data linked to a questionnaire survey.

We aimed to explore the associations between income/employment status and diabetes care processes, health behaviors and health outcomes. This cross-sectional study used health insurance claims data between April 2021 and March 2022, and a questionnaire survey between December 2022 and January 2023 in Tsukuba City. The study analyzed the participants with diabetes (other than type 1) from those selected by stratified random sampling. We evaluated diabetes care processes, health behaviors and health outcomes by calculating weighted proportions among the groups. We also assessed the associations between income/employment status and these variables using multivariable modified Poisson regression models. Of the 264 identified participants, 161 (64.2%) were men and 168 (72.8%) were aged ≥65 years old. Compared with the low-income groups, the high-income group had a higher proportion of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-2.72), a higher proportion of attendance to annual health checkups for ≥2 years (aRR 1.68, 95% CI 1.07-2.64) and a lower proportion of all-cause hospitalization (aRR 0.15, 95% CI 0.04-0.48); additionally, the middle-income group had a lower proportion of high total outpatient medical expenses (aRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.92). Compared to the no work time group, the full-time work group had a lower proportion of exercise habits (aRR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-0.99) and a higher proportion of good self-reported health (aRR 2.08, 95% CI 1.22-3.55). Several variables were associated with income/employment status. Policy intervention should focus on high-risk groups identified by considering these associations.

Association of Gender and Personal Choices with Salaries of New Emergency Medicine Graduates.

The medical literature has demonstrated disparities and variability in physician salaries and, specifically, emergency physician (EP) salaries. We sought to investigate individual physician characteristics, including sex and educational background, together with individual preferences of graduating EPs, and their association with the salary of their first job. The American College of Emergency Physicians and the George Washington University Mullan Institute surveyed 2019 graduating EPs. The survey included respondents' demographic and educational background, post-training job characteristics and location, hospital characteristics, importance of different personal priorities, and starting salaries. We performed a multivariable regression analysis to determine how salaries were associated with job types and individuals' characteristics. We sent surveys to 2,192 graduating residents in 2019. Of these, 487 (22.2%) responded, and 270 (55.4%) accepted first-time clinical jobs and included salary data (12.3% of all surveys sent). Male sex, osteopathic training, and full-time work were significantly associated with higher salary. Men and women prioritized different factors in their job search. Women were more likely to consider such factors as parental leave policy, proximity to family, desired practice setting, type of hospital, and desired location as important. Salary/compensation was considered very important by 51.8% of men and 29.6% of women. Men's median salary was $30,000 more than women's (p = 0.01, 95% CI +$6,929 -+$53,071), a significant pay differential. Salaries of graduating emergency medicine residents are associated with the resident's sex and degree type: doctor of osteopathic medicine or doctor of allopathic medicine. Multiple factors may contribute to men having higher salaries than women, and some of this difference reflects different priorities in their job search. Women were more likely to consider job conditions and setting to be more important, while men considered salary and compensation more important.

The Double-Edged Sword of Short-Time Work: Job Insecurity, Financial Stress, and Leisure Experience during COVID-19

AbstractFor many employees, the COVID-19 pandemic-related policies triggered concerns about job security. At the same time, companies in many countries made greater use of state-financed short-time work (i.e., where employees could keep their jobs, work less or not at all, and still receive a substantial surrogate wage). Even though such a measure certainly helps mitigate negative financial effects, employees in short-time work can be expected to experience job insecurity and financial stress. It can also be assumed that the additional free time is not experienced positively in times of lockdowns and social distancing. Therefore, the effects of short-time work during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020 on employees’ perceived job insecurity, financial stress, and their leisure experience were examined in Germany. The results of a cross-sectional online study (N = 343) showed that short-time workers experienced greater job insecurity and financial stress as compared to full-time workers. Furthermore, the perception of job insecurity and financial stress among short-time workers was negatively related to satisfaction with their leisure time (i.e., leisure experience).

Using intervention mapping to facilitate and sustain return-to work after breast cancer: protocol for the FASTRACS multicentre randomized controlled trial

BackgroundWomen with breast cancer face many barriers to return to work (RTW) after their cancer. The main objective of the FASTRACS-RCT is to evaluate the impact of the FASTRACS (Facilitate and Sustain Return to Work after Breast Cancer) intervention on the sustainable RTW of breast cancer patients, 12 months after the end of active treatment.MethodsFASTRACS-RCT is a prospective, national, multicentre, randomized, controlled and open-label study. A total of 420 patients with early breast cancer scheduled for surgery and (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, will be randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to: (i) the intervention arm comprising four steps over 6 months : Handing over the intervention tools; transitional medical consultation with the general practitioner (GP); pre-RTW visit with the company’s occupational physician (OP); catch-up visit with a hospital-based RTW expert (if sick leave > 10 months) (ii) the control arm to receive usual care. The design of the FASTRACS intervention was informed by intervention mapping for complex interventions in health promotion planning, and involved patients and representatives of relevant stakeholders. Specific tools were developed to bridge the gap between the hospital, the GP, the OP and the workplace: a toolkit for breast cancer patients comprising a theory-based guide; specific checklists for the GP and the OP, respectively; and a theory-based guide for workplace actors (employer, manager, colleagues). The primary endpoint will associate sustainable RTW (full-time or part-time work at 50% or more of working time, for at least 28 consecutive days) and days off work. It will be assessed at 4, 8 and 12 months after the end of active oncological treatment. Secondary endpoints will include quality of life, anxiety, depression, RTW self-efficacy, physical activity, social support, job accommodations, work productivity, job status, and the usefulness and acceptability of the intervention’s tools.DiscussionFASTRACS-RCT will be supplemented by a realist evaluation approach aimed at understanding the influence of context in activating the intervention’s mechanisms and effects. If the expected impact of the intervention is confirmed, the intervention will be adapted and scaled-up for other cancers and chronic diseases to better integrate healthcare and work disability prevention.Trial registrationNCT04846972 ; April 15, 2021.

Do return-to-work trajectories differ by mental disorder diagnosis? A register study among 37 523 Dutch workers.

Return to work (RTW) of workers with mental disorders is often a process of gradually increasing work hours over time, resulting in a RTW trajectory. This study aimed to investigate 2-year RTW trajectories by mental disorder diagnosis, examining the distribution of age, sex and contracted work hours across the diagnosis-specific RTW trajectories. Sickness absence episodes diagnosed within the ICD-10 chapter V (mental and behavioral disorders) and ICD-10 Z73.0 (burnout) were retrieved from a Dutch occupational health service register, together with age, sex and contracted work hours. Sickness absence episodes due to adjustment disorders (N=25 075), anxiety disorders (N=1335), burnout (N=3644), mood disorders (N=5076), and post-traumatic stress disorders (N=2393) were most prevalent and included in latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to estimate 23-month RTW trajectories. Four main RTW trajectories were identified for all mental disorder diagnoses: fast full RTW [range 82.4% (mood disorders) to 92.0% (adjustment disorders) of the study population], slow full RTW [3.5% (burnout) to 6.1% (mood disorders)], slow partial RTW [0.6% (adjustment disorders) to 1.6% (mood disorders)] and no RTW [2.2% (adjustment disorders) to 9.7% (mood disorders)]. Trajectories with a late onset of fast full RTW included higher percentages of women and lower percentages of full-time workers. RTW trajectories were similar for different mental disorder diagnoses although the distribution differed across diagnoses, with more partial and no RTW trajectories among workers with mood disorders. To better guide workers back to work, more knowledge is needed of factors associated with late, partial, or no RTW.

Retaining doctors in emergency medicine: an ethnographic study of emergency departments in England

ObjectivesTo gain a deep understanding of factors driving retention in emergency medicine. To understand in detail the day-to-day lived experience of emergency medicine doctors, to identify and explore factors influencing...

Parental Hesitancy toward Seasonal Influenza Vaccination for Children under the Age of 18 Years and Its Determinants in the Post-Pandemic Era: A Cross-Sectional Survey among 1175 Parents in China.

Children's susceptibility to influenza increased after COVID-19 control measures were lifted. This study investigated parental hesitancy toward seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV) for children and its determinants in the post-pandemic era. An online survey of full-time adult factory workers was conducted in Shenzhen, China in December 2023. This analysis was based on 1175 parents who had at least one child under the age of 18 years. Among all parents, 37.1% were hesitant to have their index child receive SIV. Mothers exhibited lower parental hesitancy toward SIV compared to fathers (31.9% versus 41.3%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for significant background characteristics, mothers and fathers who were more satisfied with the SIV health promotion materials, perceived more severe consequences of seasonal influenza for their children, and perceived more benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy related to their children's SIV were less likely to exhibit hesitancy toward SIV. Higher frequency of exposure to information about the increasing number of patients or severe cases due to seasonal influenza and other upper respiratory infections on social media was associated with lower parental hesitancy toward SIV among fathers but not mothers. There is a strong need to address parental hesitancy toward SIV for children in the post-pandemic era.

Time-related underemployment in Indian agro-based industry during Covid-19.

COVID-19 has adversely affected the different aspects of work and society. Due to the decline in economic activity globally, employees were exposed to conditions in which they were forced to work for reduced working hours leading to an increase in time-related underemployment. The goal of the present study was to determine the extent of time-related underemployment and the rate of unutilized labor resource in the Agro-based Industry. This study was conducted with 500 middle-level and lower-level executives working in the Textile Industry and Food and Beverage Industry. Time-related underemployment is defined as a situation in which employees worked for less than 48 hours per week and were available and willing to work for additional hours. It was measured with both objective and subjective measures. Data was analyzed through percentages, mean, t-test, independent t-test, and chi-square. Results showed that Time-related underemployment in the Food and Beverage Industry was 5.00% as compared to the Textile Industry with 3.08%. The majority of employees were moderately underemployed both in the Textile Industry and Food and Beverage Industry. The rate of unutilized labor resource was more in Textile Industry (9.9%) as compared to Food and Beverage Industry (9.2%). However, the difference in both the industries was found to be insignificant (p > 0.05). COVID-19 has exposed many workers to the disadvantageous position of working fewer hours than the pre-determined threshold hours for full-time work. Therefore, proper strategies need to be adopted to properly use the labor resource of the economy.

Maternal Work and Infant Feeding Practices in the First 6 Months.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between maternal work and infant feeding practices and explore the moderating impact of parental stress. Prospective data on categorical hours worked and infant feeding practices were collected at 3 and 6 months postpartum in a prospective prenatal cohort of 95 women. Chi-square tests were used to compare change in proportion of exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months and maternal work status. Rates of exclusive breastfeeding significantly decreased from birth to 6 months, while the percent of mothers working outside of the home significantly increased from 3 to 6 months. At 6 months, mothers who worked full time pumped significantly more than their non-working counterparts. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the prediction of exclusive breastfeeding by maternal work, including sociodemographic covariates, and the moderating impact of parental stress. Results indicated that maternal education, paternal education, and maternal work significantly predicted exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months. Full time work (OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.62) was associated with a decreased odds of exclusive breastfeeding. Additionally, higher maternal (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.97) and paternal (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.66) education was associated with an increased odds of exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal stress did not predict exclusive breastfeeding, nor did it have a moderating effect on the relationship between maternal work and breastfeeding. Future studies should investigate maternal work in more diverse birthing populations to better understand how families can incorporate breastfeeding as a primary infant feeding practice.

Housing systems, housing insecurity, and life satisfaction: a multilevel analysis of 158,765 individuals in 32 countries

Across nations, housing insecurity has been shown to affect life satisfaction. However, it is unclear (a) for whom housing insecurity affects life satisfaction and (b) whether and how housing systems moderate the association between housing insecurity and satisfaction. This study aims to reduce such knowledge gaps. We used data from the Gallup Poll that collects socioeconomic status and living standards from 158,765 individuals in 32 countries between 2016 and 2022. Multi-level regression was conducted to estimate the association between housing insecurity and life satisfaction, and the moderating effects of individual level employment status and country level housing systems. Housing insecurity significantly predicts a decrease in one’s life satisfaction. However, the association between housing insecurity and life satisfaction is moderated by individual level employment status and country-level housing characteristics. In low homeownership countries compared to high homeownership countries, the impact of housing insecurity on life satisfaction is more attenuated for part-time workers than for full time workers. Similar results are found for countries with a larger social housing stock when compared to those with lower stock. Investing in social housing not only reduces housing insecurity, but it is also conducive to mitigating the impact on the life satisfaction of the socioeconomically disadvantaged.

Financial Literacy among School Employees Vis-A-Vis their Financial Resilience

This study intended to examine the relationship between financial literacy and financial resilience among employees at a private higher education institution in the Philippines. The research instrument was adapted from the OECD INFE financial literacy questionnaire. The data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, ranking, mean, contingency coefficient, Chi-square, and Spearman rho correlation tests. Most of the participants were female, single, college graduates of education programs followed by business-related courses, with full-time work status, and have been employed for more than ten years in the institution. The results reveal that most participants perform very well on a test covering interest rates, inflation, and risk diversification. Most of them have low financial resilience as they can sustain their living expenses for at least a week only but not up to one month without needing to borrow money if loss of income occurs. Moreover, a positive weak significant relationship exists between financial resilience and money-related knowledge. The findings imply the development of financial education programs focusing on key areas that can help improve the employees’ overall financial well-being and empower them to make informed financial decisions throughout their lives. Keywords: financial literacy, financial resilience, school employees, Spearman rho, contingency coefficient, Chi-square test, Philippines

Germ aversion is a risk factor for chronic low back pain and shoulder pain under the COVID-19 pandemic: an internet-based panel study

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased germ aversion, an aversive affective response to a high likelihood of pathogen transmission. While psychological factors are associated with chronic pain, the relationship between germ aversion and chronic pain remains unexplored. This study aimed to examine the relationship between germ aversion and new-onset and prognosis of chronic pain using longitudinal data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted web-based surveys of full-time workers at baseline and after three months. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, psychological factors, and chronic pain. Germ aversion was assessed using a modified Perceived Vulnerability to Disease scale. We analyzed responses from 1265 panelists who completed the survey twice. The prevalence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) and chronic neck and shoulder pain (CNSP) was associated with sex, short sleep duration, psychological distress, loneliness, and germ aversion. Stratified analyses showed that germ aversion was a risk factor for CLBP at three months in both individuals with and without CLBP at baseline, and for CNSP at three months in those with CNSP at baseline, even after adjustment for confounders. In conclusion, this preliminary study suggests that high germ aversion is a risk factor for CLBP and CNSP in young and middle-aged workers.

From the Workroom to the Bedroom: Work-to-Home Spillover as a Mechanism Linking Work Characteristics to Sleep Health.

Work may influence the home domain and subsequently impact employee sleep. Past work found that negative spillover mediated the relationship between perceived unfairness about work and insomnia symptoms across 20 years. As an extension of past work, this study investigated whether negative spillover and positive spillover mediate the relationship between job demands (perceived unfairness, job discrimination) and job resources (coworker and supervisor support) on multidimensional sleep health. Two waves of survey data from a subset of full-time workers were obtained from the Midlife in the United States Study approximately 10 years apart. A sleep health composite captured irregularity, dissatisfaction, nap frequency, inefficiency, and suboptimal sleep duration (higher=more sleep health problems). PROCESS Macro evaluated cross-sectional (T1) and sequential (T1 exposureaT1 mediatoraT2 outcome) mediation pathways, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, physical health, neuroticism, and work hours. Both cross-sectionally and prospectively, higher negative spillover mediated the association of higher unfairness with more sleep health problems, and the association between higher discrimination and more sleep health problems. There was no support for positive spillover as a mediator between job resources and sleep health cross-sectionally or prospectively. Findings suggest that organizations should reduce the amount of negative spillover by limiting instances of unfairness and discrimination at work to promote specific aspects of employee sleep health such as sleep irregularity, dissatisfaction, efficiency, and nap frequency.

Conservation of resources perspective on authentic leadership and employee well-being: The influence of job stress and emotional intelligence.

Health care industries must consider their sustainable development, and employee well-being is a crucial environmental, social, and governance indicator that should be prioritized. During events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, information transparency is a concern for health care workers. Authentic leaders can build trust by openly sharing their thoughts and feelings. Understanding how authentic leadership affects employee well-being through job stress and how emotional intelligence reduces job stress is essential for health care workers. This study investigated the effect of authentic leadership on employee well-being and considered the mediating role of job stress and moderating role of emotional intelligence in this effect. A time-lagged survey of 452 full-time health care workers (comprising nurses, allied health professionals, and administrative workers) from a general hospital in Taiwan was conducted. Authentic leadership was positively associated with employee well-being, and job stress mediated the effects of authentic leadership on employee well-being. Among the employees who perceived leadership to be authentic, those with higher emotional intelligence felt less job stress. From the perspective of conservation of resources theory, authentic leadership was identified as a crucial factor influencing how health care workers reduce job stress and improve their well-being. Emotional intelligence was identified as essential in enhancing the effects of authentic leadership on reducing the job stress of health care workers. Organizations should promote authentic interactions between leaders and followers and provide training for developing authentic leadership. They should also provide training to improve their employees' emotional intelligence.

Electric vehicle (EV) type choice model: Latent class modelling (LCM) approach

This study develops a flexible Latent Class Model (LCM) to investigate the electric vehicle (EV) type choice decisions of Halifax residents. It utilizes cross-sectional data from the 2022 Halifax Travel Activity (HaliTRAC) survey, which includes questions related to EV adoption. This study also analyzes eight attitude and lifestyle preference related statements using principal component analysis (PCA) technique and finally extracts three components labeled as “EV enthusiasts”, “Sustainable travellers”, and “Remote work arrangement admirers”. This paper explores the heterogeneity between two classes for different alternative vehicle type choice, such as, battery electric vehicle (BEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), and regular internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. Based on class membership attributes, class-1 can be identified as those who live in suburban areas, have a large family with high vehicle ownership, and are interested in travelling with their family members, especially with their children and vice-versa for class-2. Results suggest that variables across two classes portray heterogeneity, such as, full-time worker portray positive correlation for class-1 and negative to class-2; high annual household income group (more than $200,000) exhibit high propensity to choose BEV in class-2 and vice-versa for class-1. Sustainable travelers emphasize the adverse connection towards regular vehicles, while EV enthusiasts demonstrate a favorable association with embracing any type of EV (BEV, PHEV, HEV). Furthermore, the findings from this analysis provide guidance for policy measures such as offering purchase incentives, expanding charging infrastructure, and implementing tax rebates to promote the uptake of EV among the residents of Halifax.

Economic evaluation of the recent French tobacco control policy: a model-based approach

BackgroundOne in four French adults smoked daily in 2021, compared with one in six in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. To strengthen its tobacco control policy, in...