Full-time Professors Research Articles

간호대학 교수의 이직의도 극복 경험

Objectives This study is to understand the experience of nursing professors overcoming turnover intention and to clarify the meaning and structure of the experience. Specifically, it is to derive a general structure by grasping from their perspective how nursing professors overcome the turnover situation. Methods This study is a qualitative study applying Giorgi(2009)'s phenomenological research method. The study participants are professors of nursing department who have worked as full-time professors for more than 5 years, and a total of 5 people understood the purpose of this study and voluntarily agreed to participate. Data collection was collected through individual in-depth interviews and observations from March 1, 2024 to May 18, 2024. The number of interviews for each participant was 2-4, and interviews were conducted at a place the participant wanted, and the time required for one interview was about 1 hour. Purposeful sampling was performed to select participants. The collected data went through a cyclical repetitive process of data collection and analysis based on the phenomenological research method developed by Giorgi(2009). Results The general structure of the experience of nursing professors overcoming the intention to turnover derived from the results of this study was ‘extreme situation that is difficult to endure’, ‘confirm reality’, ‘promoting stability’, ‘growth’, and ‘construction of place’, and a total of 5 upper themes, 8 lower themes, and 40 semantic units were derived. Conclusions Their experience was a series of processes in which they began to consider turnover through physical and psychological difficulties, confusion, and conflict while starting a nursing professor, but they identified their reality and promoted stability to build a position as their growth took place. Problems related to turnover of nursing professors are not limited to individual professors' problems, but it is necessary to carefully recognize experiences and difficulties at various levels. However, since coping with turnover is carried out on a personal level, it is desirable to seek systematic and concrete solutions at the formal level. This study walks the overall understanding of nursing professors who have overcome turnover by looking at the nursing professor's experience of overcoming turnover intention and provides evidence to understand the experience of nursing professors who have overcome turnover intention from a phenomenological point of view based on this result. It aims to contribute to improving the quality of nursing education for nursing students by allowing nursing professors to focus on nursing education without changing jobs.

The Initial Stage of the Formation of teaching experimental Physics at the Imperial Moscow University (1755–1791)

Among domestic historians of Pedagogy and education, there has traditionally been a high interest in various aspects of the history of the development of teaching of various disciplines at Moscow University, which is in fact the first classical university in our country. Among the academic subjects that began to be taught at this university almost immediately after its opening was experimental (experimental) Physics.The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that Moscow University has been one of the largest centers of domestic higher physics education for more than 250 years, and the state of teaching Physics at this university had a significant impact on the organization of Physics education in our country throughout this period. The beginning of the formation of forms and methods of teaching Physics at Moscow University, as well as the formation of the content of this educational course, dates back to the first decades of the university’s existence, however, this particular period in the history of Physics education at Moscow University is currently the least studied. This makes it difficult to build a holistic picture of the development of Physics teaching in a given higher education institution.Statement of the research problem: to study the process of development of teaching experimental Physics at the Imperial Moscow University in the second half of the 18th century.The goal of the research is to identify the features of the initial stage of the formation of forms and methods of teaching the course of experimental Physics at the Imperial Moscow University in 1755–1791, to study the structure and main elements of the content of this course in the period under review.The research method used is the analysis of literary sources (scientific, reference, memoir-biographical) and educational literature (university Physics textbooks of the second half of the 18th century).The results and key conclusions. The initial stage of development of teaching experimental Physics at the Imperial Moscow University took the first 35 years of its existence. During this period, the Department of Physics was organized, which was replaced by a full-time professor (from among foreigners), as well as the consolidation of the lecture form of teaching and the corresponding verbal and visual teaching methods. The lectures were accompanied by the use of a demonstration experiment. Physics was taught in Latin using modern textbooks at that time, written in foreign languages. By the end of the period under review, as part of the experimental Physics course at Moscow University, students studied exclusively Mechanics and some of its practical applications.

Drumming to be one, drumming to be different: ethnicity, nation, and cultural identity of Zainichi Koreans in Japan

ABSTRACT Pungmul, a form of Korean folk drumming, is prominent as a traditional Korean music practice among diasporic Koreans, including Zainichi (Korean residents in Japan). Over the last four decades, it has become popular across the globe as a tool for heritage education and a marker of ethnic identity. In this paper, I engage with several Zainichi Korean musicians who pursue pungmul as their full-time profession or as a serious leisure activity. In Japan, most pungmul musicians are third- or fourth-generation Korean migrants and, as a group, present a complex mix of state, national, and cultural affiliations as North Koreans, South Koreans, and naturalized Japanese. Considering the inherent social complexities among Zainichi, I delineate how a traditional Korean performing art form enables these Koreans to overcome and transcend social barriers and nation-state boundaries while shaping and expressing their identity as diasporic individuals.

Higher Music Teacher Education Programs in Mexico from the Professors’ Perspective. A Descriptive Study

Introduction: Despite the significant promotion and undeniable growth of music education in Mexico, three major issues have hindered its full consolidation and appropriate development: 1) There are few higher music education programs; 2) Enrollment in these programs is extremely low; 3) There is a deficit of well-trained music educators. Unfortunately, few studies in Mexico have addressed these issues, with most focusing on curriculum design. Objective. To address these concerns, this study conducted a quantitative, descriptive analysis to determine the profile of tertiary music education faculty and explore their perceptions regarding the functioning of their academic programs, their students’ profiles, and the teaching-learning conditions. Methodology. Data was collected through an ad hoc survey created by the researcher and validated through the expert-judgment validation process. The survey was sent to the 14 music education programs listed in the ANUIES Yearbook 2022-2023. Data was statistically analyzed by using the software SPSS, 2.0. Results. The findings highlighted the strengths and weaknesses perceived by professors and provided insights that may explain the current situation. Conclusions. While there are notable strengths, significant weaknesses need to be addressed, including the hiring of more well-prepared full-time professors, the implementation of effective recruitment mechanisms, adequate psycho-pedagogical support, and appropriate funding programs.

Innovation of Talent Training Mode of Higher Vocational Education in the Information Age with Industry-Teaching Integration

Abstract The optimization of talent training structures and the promotion of scientific and technical accomplishments transformation may be achieved via the merger of industry and education with higher vocational education, particularly in the information technology era. This paper uses the fuzzy intuition stacked analysis method to compute the weights of the industry-education integration evaluation indexes and the binary semantics-based comprehensive evaluation method to convert the voice evaluation of experts into binary semantic information. According to the study’s findings, there will be 1,594 faculty members overall in 2021—114 more than there were in 2016. In 2021, there will be 1,012 full-time faculty members, representing 63.32% of the overall faculty members. Of the full-time professors on campus, 65.86% of them held a master’s degree in 2016. This represents the percentage of faculty degrees. 72.14% of all full-time professors on campus obtained their master’s degree in 2020, which is equivalent to 720 full-time faculty members. Furthermore, there is a general downward tendency in Institution B’s title faculty profiles from 2016 to 2020. Senior positions will be earned by 315 full-time faculty members, which is 31.56% of the total number of full-time professors on campus in 2020. In 2016 and 2020, the percentage of mid-level degrees was 48.38% and 45.19%, respectively. Assessing the degree of development of industry-taught integration can help modernize the governance structure and diversify the core integration. These developments will help enhance higher vocational education, enhance the development plan, and advance talent cultivation reform.

Rising home bakers in India: leveraging online platforms for sales and marketing

Learning outcomes Upon completion of the case study, the students will be able to understand brand differentiation and marketing challenges faced by small businesses in emerging markets; recognize the significance of marketing strategies for a growing business in emerging markets; assimilate paid, owned and earned media to improvise the effectiveness of firm’s communication and digital marketing strategy; analyze the relevance of social media marketing in developing a brand; and create a content marketing strategy. Case overview/synopsis The case dilemma involved a possible course of action that Fusion Creations faced at the beginning of 2022 about marketing strategies across paid, earned and owned media. “Fusion Creations” was the creation of two sisters who were avid cake bakers since young age. They identified the demand for homemade cakes and the growing number of home bakers in India. It was during the Covid-19 pandemic that they faced challenges in terms of lockdown and scarcity of supply for baking essentials. Moreover, although the pandemic had brought most sections of the society worldwide to a standstill, home bakers were thriving. After the pandemic, these home bakers turned their passion into full-time profession. It was time for the sisters to view this stage as a challenge because of competition from aspiring entrepreneurs and rising home bakers, and convert it into an opportunity. Can Fusion Creation leverage the online social media platforms for their product sales and marketing? With presence established on various social media platforms, were they doing it right, or was there a better way? A few questions lay in front of Chaitali and Kena, owners and bakers of Fusion Creations. Complexity academic level This case is written for use in digital and social media marketing classes for graduation-level courses. The focus of the case aligns well with discussions of digital and social media marketing strategy. The case also has application in discussions regarding implementation of digital marketing strategy. Instructors that choose to emphasize social media strategies could assign this case to explore online marketing and digital communication. Supplementary material Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS8: Marketing.

Analysis of scientific publications by professors of a Faculty of Medical Sciences

Introduction: scientific publications are considered the final step of a research and are an excellent tool to characterize the scientific output of a university. Objective: to characterize the scientific production of the faculty of the Faculty of Medical Sciences "Miguel Enriquez", based on their scientific publications, in the period 2016-2022. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, observational, descriptive study was carried out. The universe was constituted by the publications of the faculty professors, grouped by teaching departments. Articles, complete books and chapters, and monographs were included. The publications were analyzed according to the time of dedication of the professor to the teaching activity, and annual indexes of scientific productivity were calculated.Results: a total of 845 scientific publications were counted in a faculty composed of 444 professors from 17 teaching departments. In a quarter of them, the main author was from the Diagnostic Means department. The number of authorships per professor was 1487 during the period, with the Clinical Sciences Department standing out. Most of the works were published in journals indexed in prestigious international databases (Groups I-II), with a predominance of publications by full-time professors. The highest indicators of annual productivity, both per department and per professor, were obtained by the Diagnostic Means and Graduate and Research departments. Professors with a scientific degree and full professors and researchers were the most productive. Conclusions: The analysis of seven years of scientific publications of the faculty of the "Miguel Enriquez" Faculty shows that there is a diminished scientific production, which mainly corresponds to the professors of higher rank or category

CRITICAL IMPRESSIONS ON AMIL PROFESSIONALIZATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CAREER INTENTIONS: A PLS-SEM APPROACH

The issue of professionalization of amil (zakat managers) still continues to occur in zakat organizations and has received strong criticism, including from students of the zakat and waqf management study program (MAZAWA). These criticisms include whether amil has become a full-time profession, education, training, and competency development for amil, the legitimacy of amil associations, the existence of a zakat amil code of ethics, as well as legal protection and the role of the state for the amil profession. This research aims to find out whether their critical impressions influence their intention to pursue a career as a professional amil. Conducted at UIN Sunan Ampel of Surabaya and IAIN Langsa, this research involved 95 respondents. Descriptive statistics and SEM-PLS via SmartPLS 4.0 software were used for data analysis. The results of the research showed that students' impressions of the professionalization of amil in Indonesia are in the medium category, which shows that there is still a lot of criticism towards it. But, their intention to pursue a career as amil remains high. Their perceptions significantly influence their career intentions; the better their perception, the higher their intention. By understanding how this professionalization can affect the efficiency, accountability and sustainability of zakat programs. Furthermore, it can increase the positive impact generated from the distribution of zakat funds.

150 Years of Medical History Education in Japan: History and Challenges.

This paper is the first attempt to get a broad view of the history of modern medical history education in Japan, from the origin of medical history education in the Meiji era to its current state in medical schools. By correcting errors related to the first university lectures on medical history in Japan and historically contextualizing the challenges of medical history education and the academic community's responses, this paper aims to examine both the historical significance and practical implications. The history of medical history education in Japan is relatively long. Medical history lectures in a medical school were first planned in 1876, and contrary to popular belief, the actual lecture started in December 1882 under Imamura Ryō's charge and continues to this day. However, despite its relatively long history, the substance of medical history education in Japan is lacking in both quality and quantity. The absence of full-time professors of medical history education and related departments has led to a vicious cycle of failure in producing experts and a decline in medical education. Medical history education in Japan failed to take advantage of the fact that it began early despite the absence of tradition. The status of medical history education greatly increased in the 1930s, but the opportunity to expand its base was not utilized during the postwar reorganization of medical education and the student movement in the late 1960s. Falling into amateurism, evasion of real issues, and a lack of collective academic responses have hindered the understanding of these phenomena and problem-solving. The history of medical history education in Japan provides significant implications for the current reality of medical history education in Korea. The Korean medical history community must also confront and adapt proactively and organizationally within the evolving landscape of medical education. If the community settles for the present, Japan's past will become Korea's future.

The Intersection of Religious/Christian Educator and Denominational Leader

I have the rewarding experience of being an administrator operating out of a denominational leadership role in Christian education. I have served in this role concurrently for over a decade as a full-time professor of Christian education at a seminary. In this autobiographical reflection, I discuss how I define my roles in the church and academy as one vocation. I spend my life juggling time and resources so that both roles are served at the highest level. I discuss in the paper how each of the roles intersect and inform one another.

Education of History of Medicine for 80 Years: History and Current Status in Republic of Korea.

Medical history education enables the medical students to understand the humanistic aspects of medicine and also help to promote the professionalism of doctors. It makes them understand the disappearing or emerging diseases by recognizing the historical changes and trends to respond appropriately. Therefore, it is helpful to study and understand modern medicine. As of March 2023, 22 (55.0%) out of 40 medical schools in Republic of Korea have medical history course as an independent subject and two schools have integrated courses with medical ethics. Compared to 53.1% in 1995 and 56.2% in 2010, similar percentage of medical schools maintained the subject independently. However, the average credits of 18 schools in 2023(2.0) are higher than those of 1995(1.4) and 2010(1.2). The number of full-time professor who specialized in the history of medicine was 2 in 1995, 6 in 2010, and 11 in 2023. Generally, a full-time professor majoring medical history tend to have other duties besides the education and research of medical history, depending on the role of the department to which he or she belongs since they are assigned to the humanities education other than medical history education. Currently, the curriculums that have been recommended by Korea Association of Medical Colleges(KAMC), Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation(KIMEE), and The Korean Society of Medical Education(KSMED), emphasize medical humanities but do not necessarily include the medical history. As a result, medical history courses have increased slightly, but the other humanities classes have increased significantly since 2000. The knowledge of medical history will help students become a doctor, and a doctor with professionalism adapting to the rapidly changing medical environment. Students will also be able to establish the ideas they must pursue in the present era when they come into contact with numerous historical situations. And if they share a sense of history, they will inspire a sense of unity as a profession and will be more active in solving social problems such as health equity. It is hoped that The Korean Society for the History of Medicine will step forward to set the purpose and goal of the medical history education, and organize the contents of the education. Classes should be prepared so that students are interested in them, and education should be focused on how the contents of education will be able to be used in medicine. To this end, it is necessary to establish the basic learning outcomes of history of medicine, and prepare learning materials based on these learning outcomes. It is also necessary to increase the competencies of educators for the history of medicine, such as performing workshops. With the dedication of the pioneers who devoted their energy to the education of medical history, it is expected that medical history will find out what to do in medical education to foster better doctors and provide better education.

Dr. Colleen M. Hacker: A certified mental performance consultant (CMPC).

This interview highlighted the atypical career of Dr. Colleen Hacker. She discusses her experiences as a mental skills coach, corporate speaker, and full-time professor. The convergence of these career paths has led her to be a leader in the Olympic and professional sports setting, as well as in academia. Dr. Colleen M. Hacker provides critical insights into how she obtained these positions and how she manages her day-to-day tasks. Additionally, she discusses her knowledge in sport and performance psychology, life as a professor, and her experience as a three-time intercollegiate national champion soccer coach. Multicultural issues such as geopolitical diversity and the different cultural realities among the numerous countries she has traveled are described. Finally, Dr. Colleen M. Hacker explains ethical issues and the appealing aspects of her career. Her parting advice for young professionals looking to pursue similar careers is to be passionate about what you do, pursue excellence, and "be where your feet are." (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

K대학 디지털 트랜스포메이션 전략실행을 위한 학습분석 기반 대시보드 설계 델파이 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study was to derive necessary elements and data for designing a learning analytics dashboard which will be provided to instructors and students at K University. Methods To derive the elements needed to design dashboards, a Delphi survey paper was developed based on literature review, case study, and FGI results. Then Delphi survey was conducted twice with a group of experts who work for K University, including full-time professors, the leaders of administration departments, and research professors. The expert group members comprehensively understand the educational environments and operating systems of K University. Results The Delphi survey found that the dashboards that universities should provide to support students' success should be divided into the total learner personal dashboard, the total instructor personal dashboard, the learner dashboard by subject, and he learner dashboard by subject. Also, the components and collection data of the dashboards of learners and instructors were found to be different. Conclusions When universities intend to provide learning analytics dashboards in line with the change in the digital transformation era, areas suitable for students and instructors should be constructed respectively. This means that it is necessary to visually present all essential information related to student success, such as student competency, career, and employment, as well as learning.

The Effect of Authentic Leadership of Deans and Directors on Sustainable Organizational Commitment at Universities: Mediated by Organizational Culture and Trust

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between deans and directors of Korean universities on the organizational commitment of university professors, and the mediating effects of organizational culture and organizational trust. A survey was conducted with full-time professors at 20 universities; 387 responses were analyzed. Structural equation modeling was performed using a two-step approach to achieve the research purpose, and the mediating effects were tested using phantom variables. The analysis revealed that the authentic leadership of deans and directors significantly and positively affected organizational trust, culture, and commitment, with trust being a more important mediator than culture. This study is significant in that most previous studies on university leadership have focused on the university president, the top-level policymaker, and used measurement tools designed for business organizations. Conversely, this study focused on deans and directors, the middle managers at universities, and adapted existing diagnostic tools for universities in Korea with horizontal organizational structures based on academic experience. In Korea, there is currently an emphasis on university reform, evaluation, and financial support. Thus, the importance of deans and directors as the key administrative workforce and enablers in creating a healthy organizational culture is in the spotlight The results suggest the urgent necessity for investment in leadership training for these positions.

Educate to transform: An innovative experience for faculty training

Learning-focussed educational models require the development of pedagogical, methodological, assessment and technological competences among the faculty community. The COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated the need for this training. This study evaluates the impact of the training project “Educate to Transform” on teacher attitudes, knowledge and on the implementation of innovative teaching methodologies. There were 695 faculty participants in the program conducted at the Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV). Participants included full-time professors (FULL-PROF) and part-time professors (PART-PROF). The measurement instrument was validated using the entire sample and a subsample of 357 participants was used to analyse the impact of the program (pre and post measurement). Professor attitudes and knowledge of or familiarity with innovative methodologies and their application in the classroom were evaluated. The findings show that the program improved the attitudes of teachers towards innovation, raised the level of awareness and number of methodologies implemented in the classroom. The methodology towards more experiential and collaborative learning is effective in transforming teaching practice. Furthermore, the implementation of the program through the CANVAS platform, making teachers live the experience as learners, seems to have contributed to improve the teachers' attitude towards the LMS. The only difference found among the participants was a worse attitude towards innovation on the part of medical teachers, with a clearly differentiated profile of teachers and students, as well as a greater implementation of active methodologies by teachers with a lower teaching load. Overall, it may be concluded that the program achieved its proposed objectives.

La Universidad de hoy como organización: En el trasfondo de la institución. Luis Montaño Hirose

The figure of Luis Montaño Hirose is drawn in his academic history. His name is associated with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Iztapalapa, where he has been a full-time professor since 1981. His reflections become substantive when it comes to understanding the world, a sharp look that points to many issues, but particularly those that disrupt universities, organizations, and the complexities that nestle in the social spaces of human experiences Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

Obituary: Martin Kay

Obituary: Martin Kay

The Myth of the Amateur: A History of College Athletic Scholarships

Amateurism in American college athletics never existed. From the earliest intercollegiate sports contests in the middle of the nineteenth century, athletes were compensated. The payment might have come as money, prizes, food, tuition, or in other forms, but it was always there. Within a decade of the initial competitions, coaches were paid to lead teams, often earning more for seasonal work than full-time professors or even college presidents made in a year. The myth of a pristine era when American college students played competitive sport for the sheer joy of participation never existed, but it did create an obvious discrepancy between that ideal and the professional reality that continues today.As with his other works, Ronald A. Smith exhibits mastery of the wonderful heritage and rich hypocrisy associated with the history of college sports. In The Myth of the Amateur, Smith uses an array of primary resources to trace the concept of amateurism on the American campus from its origins as an imitator of a faulty British model through more than a century and a half of often contradictory reform efforts. He organizes the book into seventeen chapters, addressing prominent issues of amateurism chronologically while placing topics within the broader context of subsequent events. Those topics include scholarships, training tables, athletic dorms, significant reports and meetings, women's sports, legal challenges, and others. Smith takes the reader from the earliest amateurism controversies of college sport in the middle of the nineteenth century to the name, image, and likeness (NIL) debates of the early decades of the twenty-first century.American colleges espousing amateurism while practicing professionalism is the foundation for the book. British upper classes created the notion of amateurism in the nineteenth century—essentially the idea that sport should be undertaken only for the love of the endeavor—because they did not want to participate with or compete against those considered socially beneath them. That this concept was attributed to a nonexistent ancient Greek ideal only made a dubious proposition worse because, as the gospel of so-called amateur sport spread, it assumed a moral superiority to professionalism in the minds of many. A parallel to the American college sports amateurism debate can be seen with the modern Olympic movement. Even if amateurism was historically held in higher esteem than professionalism, Smith points out that the aristocratic British model of sport had little chance of taking hold in a young America seething with the ideals of freedom and equality of opportunity. College leaders might preach the noble notion of sport for the sake of sport, but most also wanted to win, and they were usually willing to bend their principles in that pursuit.When Harvard rowed against Yale in 1852 at New Hampshire's Lake Winnipesaukee in America's first intercollegiate athletic contest, the crew members were treated to an eight-day expenses-paid vacation for the event. Before the end of the Civil War, Yale students hired William Wood to coach their rowers in a successful effort to break Harvard's winning streak in the regatta. By 1905, Harvard was paying alum Bill Reid $7,000 to coach the Crimson football squad, a sum significantly higher than the salary of a US senator and twice what most Harvard faculty earned. Virtually every college compensated athletes, whether paying them directly, establishing training tables and dorms for athletes, or offering athletic scholarships.All those examples violated standards of amateurism, elicited consistently contradictory responses from college sport leaders, and created an atmosphere of reform that led to the formation of conferences and eventually a national governing body (NCAA) for big-time college sports. Smith's research shows that organized efforts to promote amateurism and constrain compensation have yielded mixed results at best.The chapter on summer baseball is telling. Starting in the 1870s and continuing well into the twentieth century, it was common for college athletes to earn money playing baseball in the summer. Some were paid outright, and others played at resorts for free room and board and a stipend. Either instance violated the code of amateurism, so players resorted to using fake names, which in turn led to frequent challenges to eligibility and charges of cheating. In a terrific overview that mentions prominent proponents of American amateur sport of the era, Smith summarizes the ineffectual efforts to curb summer baseball compensation. After decades of debate, the issue fizzled out in the late 1950s when the NCAA allowed participation in sanctioned leagues. The book is full of similar examples, told in compelling fashion.Ron Smith is a preeminent historian of American college sports, and The Myth of the Amateur should be an immediate read for any serious study of the topic.

An analysis of gender disparities amongst United States medical students, general surgery residents, vascular surgery trainees, and the vascular surgery workforce.

Gender diversity in medicine continues to be a critical topic, and gender diversity within surgical fields remains an overarching challenge. In the following review, we objectively address the data available in terms of training slots for women in general and vascular surgery and within the vascular surgery workforce. Overall, women comprise 36% of active physicians in the 2019 Association of American Medical Colleges data. The number of women in surgical fields is lower representing 22% in general surgery, 9% in neurosurgery, 6% in orthopedic surgery, 17% in plastic surgery, 8% in thoracic surgery, and 15% in vascular surgery. Also notable is the lower academic ranks held by women in surgery. The proportion of women instructors in surgery in 2020 was 61%, assistant professors 30%, associate professors 23%, and full-time professors only 13.5%. There are multiple opportunities across the divisional/institutional/societal domains in which mentorship and sponsorship can promote gender equity and inclusion. Recruitment and retention of women and minorities into the vascular academic and private practices is essential to ensure best patient outcomes and quality of care for our patients. We hope that by shedding light on this topic, there will be greater awareness and improved strategies to address the disparities within institutions.

الدکتــور/ الســــــیــــــــــــد عویضــــــــــــــة الأزهری الفرید ذو الرأی السدید

الدکتــور/ الســــــیــــــــــــد عویضــــــــــــــة الأزهری الفرید ذو الرأی السدید