Full-time Members Research Articles

Physician report cards and rankings yield long-lasting hand hygiene compliance exceeding 90%.

IntroductionHand hygiene is an effective, low-cost intervention that prevents the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Despite mandatory education and reminders, compliance by physicians in our hospital remained stubbornly low. Our objective was to study whether surveillance by our unit coordinator (secretary) paired with regular feedback to chiefs of service would increase physician hand hygiene compliance in the ICU.MethodThe ICU unit coordinator was trained to observe and measure hand hygiene compliance. Data were collected on hand hygiene compliance at room entry and exit for 9 months. Percentage compliance for each medical and surgical subspecialty was reported to chiefs of service at the end of each month. Comparative rankings by service were widely distributed throughout the physician organization and the medical center.ResultsThe hand hygiene compliance rate among physicians increased from 65.1 % to 91.6 % during the study period (p <0.0001). More importantly in the succeeding 24 months after study completion, physician hand hygiene compliance remained >90 % in every month.ConclusionsPhysician hand hygiene compliance increased as a consequence of the surveillance conducted by a full-time ICU team member, leading to a highly significant increase in the number of observations. In turn, this allowed for specific comparative monthly feedback to individual chiefs of service. Over the next 2 years after the study ended, these gains were sustained, suggesting an enduring culture change in physician behavior.

A Nordic survey of management practices and owners' attitudes towards keeping horses in groups.

Keeping horses in groups is widely recommended but limited information is available about how this is implemented in practice. The aim of this survey was to describe how horses are kept in the Nordic countries in relation to sex, age, breed, and equestrian discipline and to assess owners' attitudes toward keeping horses in groups. Horse owners in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden were approached using a web-based questionnaire, which was translated into 4 languages and distributed online via equestrian forums, organizations, and social media. The number of respondents was 3,229, taking care of 17,248 horses. Only 8% of horses were never kept in groups, 47% were permanently grouped for 24 h/d, and 45% were stabled singly but grouped during turnout. Yearlings were most often permanently kept in groups (75%), mares and geldings more commonly during parts of the day (50 and 51%, respectively), and stallions were often kept alone (38%). Icelandic horses were more likely to be permanently kept in groups (36%) than warmbloods (16%) and ponies (15%). Twice as many competition horses (51%) were never grouped compared with horses used for breeding (20%) or leisure purposes (15%). The majority of respondents (86%) strongly agreed that group housing benefits horse welfare and that it is important for horses to have the company of conspecifics (92%). Nevertheless, not all horses were kept in groups, showing that attitudes toward group housing may not necessarily reflect current management. The risk of injury was a concern of many respondents (45%), as was introducing unfamiliar horses into already established groups (40%) and challenges in relation to feeding in groups (44%). Safety of people (23%) and difficulties handling group-kept horses (19%) were regarded as less problematic. Results suggest that the majority of horses have the possibility to freely interact with other horses, either as fulltime members of a group during 24 h/d or during turnout. Future research should address the extent to which being a part-time member of a group affects horse welfare. For permanent group housing to become more widespread, such as it is the case for most farm animals, future research could focus on solving some of the reoccurring problems perceived with keeping horses in groups. The dissemination of evidence-based information on all aspects around keeping horses in groups can ultimately stimulate further positive changes in the management of group-kept horses.

The use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) by the faculty members of the School of Library &amp; Information Science, PAAET, Kuwait

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to describe the usage of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) by the faculty members of the School of Library and Information Science (SLIS), at the College of Basic Education, the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET), Kuwait.Design/methodology/approach– A survey conducted to collect data from 33 faculty members of whom only 21 members were using SNSs, representing 63.6 per cent of the total sample, and 12 members were not using SNSs, representing 36.4 per cent of the total sample. This study revealed that SNSs are used moderately by the faculty members.Findings– This study showed that faculty members who were using SNSs tend to be males, aged between 41 and 50 years, PhD holders, ranked as assistant professors, full-time members, specialized in information technologies with a relatively new experience of teaching ranged from one to five years, and most of the faculty members who were not using SNSs tended to be also males, aged between 41 and 60 years, PhD holders, ranked as lecturers, full-time members specialized in organization of information with a teaching experience ranged from 16 to 20 years. More than half of the faculty members were using SNSs for three years to less than six years, and a large number of them were using SNSs several times a week and were accessing these sites more from their school office, home and school laboratory. There are no any statistical significant differences between the demographic data of participants (gender, age and education level) and either their use or non-use of SNSs. There are no significant differences between the academic rank, teaching status and teaching experience of faculty and their use of SNSs. However, there is a significant relation between the faculty’s area of teaching and their use of SNSs. Faculty members were interested in the use of SNSs. YouTube, Twitter, Facebook and blogs respectively were used mostly by faculty members, but Twitter, Facebook and YouTube were the most famous SNSs they have profiles on. Faculty members have adopted SNSs mainly for the purpose of communicating with others, finding and sharing information with peers and students as well. Tasks on SNSs made by faculty members were mostly to make communication, send/receive messages and find general and specific information. Faculty members’ profiles on SNSs were mostly on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, blogs, wikis and podcasting respectively. Faculty members confirmed that the use of YouTube, Facebook, blogs, Twitter, wikis and podcasting respectively was at least effective and the use of YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Blogs and Wikis respectively was at least fairly useful fairly easy to them. Faculty members are in general agreement about the effectiveness of SNSs especially for disseminating and sharing information, communication and informal collaboration. The study showed also that there is no gender-related difference among the faculty in terms of their usage of SNSs. The study revealed also that the time was the most important barrier both SNSs users and non-users faced at PAAET’s SLIS. Other barriers like trust about SNSs, training and skills were significant to SNSs users in this study, and barriers like interests in SNSs, awareness of them and trust about them were respectively the most important barriers to SNSs non-users. The study recommended that a further research is needed to examine more additional aspects of using SNSs among faculty members that may affect their use like the technical, legal, ethical and intellectual aspects. More information is needed to investigate why some faculty members do not use SNSs especially for educational purposes. A qualitative study of the perception and opinions of faculty members would provide much important data about that. A further research is also needed to specify the relation between the use of these sites and each area of study separately. Due to the lack of awareness and knowledge about the use of SNSs, shortage of language skills and training, this study recommended that SNSs non-users should be provided with necessary assistance to foster their skills towards such usage. A future study is needed to compare experiences of faculty members and students regarding the use of SNSs in educational practices and may look at how communicational uses of these sites have influenced educational uses.Research limitations/implications– This study involved a single and certain academic institution, namely PAAET. Therefore, findings, conclusions and recommendations may not be applicable and reasonable to be generalized on all Kuwaiti academic institutions.Social implications– This paper provides valuable insight into the usage of SNSs by a very important client group.Originality/value– This study is the first one of its kind conducted about the usage of SNSs by faculty members at a library school of one of the two public academic institutions in the state of Kuwait to examine and investigate more specific information about SNSs and related innovative topics.

Beyond the impact factor?

Over the past few years, increasing efforts have been made to evaluate research output using different markers of quality.1 This is most clearly reflected by the work of the Research...

Posttraumatic stress disorder in reserve veterans: important reintegration considerations for the occupational health nurse.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental health concern for returning U.S. military personnel who have a higher prevalence rate of PTSD than the general population. Among the military population, reserve service members are at increased risk of developing PTSD compared with full-time active duty service members mainly due to difficulty reintegrating into civilian life. Understanding the social risk factors along with the protective effects social support has on PTSD in veterans will provide occupational health professionals the opportunity to support reserve veterans with adjustment into post-deployment life. This literature review examines PTSD in reserve veterans, with a focus on occupational factors, social factors, guideline recommendations, available resources, as well as provides suggestions for occupational health nurses caring for reserve veterans returning to the workplace.

Staff-developed infection prevention program decreases health care-associated infection rates in pediatric critical care.

The health care team identified the causes of health care-associated infections (HAI) and developed interventions in a pediatric intensive care unit in Gaza. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used. All 26 full-time staff members in the pediatric intensive care unit participated. The HAI rate decreased significantly from the first to the second year following the implementation of the intervention (208 vs 120.55, odds ratio: 3.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.87-5.11; P < .001).

Transition from novice adjunct to experienced associate degree nurse educator: A comparative qualitative approach

Nursing adjuncts are hired to accommodate student enrollment needs. Considered experts in nursing service, the transition to educator is difficult. Perceptions of transition, comparison of novice adjuncts' self-identified responsibilities with full-time members' expectations for role performance, and educational topics for role development are explored. Emerging narratives identify four themes: (a) knowing requirements: must read/must follow; (b) evolving teaching role identity; (c) teaching role management; and (d) faculty relationship development.

Poe in Cyberspace Technology, Magic, and Quack Physics

Poe in Cyberspace Technology, Magic, and Quack Physics

Shari’ah compliance in Islamic banking

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Shari’ah compliance status of the Islamic banks in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach – The research was based on both primary and secondary materials. The primary data were gathered through sample questionnaire survey and personal interviews by the researcher; the secondary data were obtained from Qur’an, Hadiths, different circulars/letters, manuals, research books and journals, annual reports, Web sites of the sample banks. Statistical tools and techniques like weighted average, percentage, SD, variance and correlation between Shari’ah violation score and bank-specific attributes were used applying statistical software Statistical Package for Social Science (version 17.0). Findings – Shari’ah compliance status of the Islamic banks in Bangladesh is in a vulnerable condition, Shari’ah compliance status highly varies among the Islamic banks, and Shari’ah violation is high in investing activities because of lack of knowledge, lack of sincerity in complying Shari’ah, poor attention in Shari’ah audit and Shari’ah research and lack of strong Shari’ah supervisory board comprising full-time skillful members. Practical implications – Among others, the major policy implications of this study are as follows: regulatory bodies and Shari’ah board members are expected to have guidelines from this study to find their limitations and to determine their future responsibilities; executives and Employees are expected to get the idea of present state of Shari’ah compliance and to identify their weaknesses in this regard; clients and other stakeholders are expected to have guidelines to choose the better Islamic banks to perform banking transactions; and the researchers in Islamic banking may usefully use the issues raised in this article for more comprehensive studies in Islamic banking and Shari’ah compliance. Originality/value – The paper opens a new avenue in justifying the status of Shari’ah compliance with a new dataset and correlating Shari’ah violation score with bank-specific attributes.

Injury and the orchestral environment: part II. Organisational culture, behavioural norms, and attitudes to injury.

The organisational culture, behavioural norms, and attitudes of a workplace have a profound influence on levels of injury and illness amongst its workers. While this is well established in Work Health and Safety literature, very little research has attempted to understand the influence of organisational culture on injury risk in the orchestral profession. To address this, the current study aimed to investigate the influence of organisational culture on injury outcomes for orchestral musicians. Using a qualitative case study methodology, in-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 10 professional orchestral cellists (2 freelance and 8 fulltime members) from a single Australian orchestra. After initial data analysis, further interviews were undertaken with a set of 5 orchestral management staff as a means of data triangulation. All data were analysed using a themes-based "analysis of narrative" approach. The findings indicate that an orchestral culture exists in which musicians see injury as a sign of weakness, failure, and poor musicianship. Such negative perceptions of injury influence musicians to play through considerable levels of pain and continue performing with injuries. Because of perceived judgment from the orchestral group, musicians were found to conceal injuries from colleagues and management staff. Freelance musicians felt that disclosing injuries may lead to decreased work opportunities, and both full-time and casual musicians felt that "opening up" about injury may subject them to group judgment about their technique or musicianship. The study suggests education measures which may be effective at influencing individual behaviours and attitudes as well as cultural change initiatives which could lead to long-term positive health outcomes in the orchestral workplace.

Perceptions of Support Networks During the Graduate-Assistant Athletic Trainer Experience.

The graduate-assistant position can be a highly influential experience because it is often the first time novice athletic trainers (ATs) are practicing autonomously. To gain an understanding of how graduate-assistant ATs (GAATs) perceive professional socialization and mentorship during their assistantships. Semistructured phone interviews. Graduate-assistant ATs in various clinical settings. Twenty-five GAATs (20 women, 5 men) studying in 1 of 3 academic tracks (postprofessional athletic training = 8, athletic training-based curriculum = 11, non-athletic training-based curriculum = 6). Median age was 24 years. Phone interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis used principles of the general inductive approach. Credibility was maintained using peer review, field notes, and intercoder reliability. Participants identified peer support throughout their experiences, in both academic and clinical settings. The GAATs frequently relied on other GAATs for support due to shared experiences and understanding of workloads. Participants described difficulty receiving supervisor support from full-time staff ATs due to the supervisors' workload and time constraints, limiting their availability for mentoring. Guidance from academic support personnel occurred only in athletic training-centered academic programs. Communication emerged as helpful for incoming GAATs; the previous GAATs provided formal mentorship via job descriptions highlighting role responsibilities and expectations. Differences between assistantship types were noted only in terms of receiving balanced mentorship between the academic and clinical staffs, such that students studying in postprofessional athletic training programs perceived more balanced support. Our results confirm the literature regarding the GAAT's pursuit of continued formal mentoring. The GAATs perceived less support from full-time AT staff members due to limited availability. Therefore, GAATs leaned on their peers for support during the graduate experience.

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship of Educational Management Students in Andimeshk Payame Noor University

The goal of this study was to search for the factors affecting entrepreneurship of educational management students in Andimeshk Payame Noor University in 2012-2013. That was a survey and the research method was descriptive. The statistic population included 400 full time members of faculties in these universities and 200 participants were selected based on accidental sampling. The tool used in this survey was a questionnaire which included 33 statements. The validity of questionnaire was emphasized and accepted by 10 experts in this field and the reliability of questionnaire was determined based on Chronbach’s Alpha coefficient and the number was 0.93. For the analysis of data, a combination of descriptive and inferential techniques including independent T test and Friedman ranking test was used. Findings indicated by 95 % of assurance the individual, social and economical factors affect on the educational management students' entrepreneurship in order according to the students views.

Inside John Haynie's Studio: A Master Teacher's Lessons on Trumpet and Life

“This wonderful collection of essays is a treasure of insight into the mind and heart of one of our great American performers and teachers. If the Arban book is the trumpet player’s ‘Bible,’ then I’d have to say Inside John Haynie’s Studio is the trumpet teacher’s ‘Bible.’”–Ronald Romm, founder, Canadian Brass and Professor of Trumpet, University of Illinois “The essays in this remarkable volume go far beyond trumpet pedagogy, providing an exquisite portrait of the studio practices of one of the first full-time single-instrument wind faculty members in an American college or university setting. John’s concern for educating the whole person, not just cramming for the job market, emanates from every page. This book showcases a teaching career that has become legendary.”–James Scott, Dean of the College of Music, University of North Texas “The principle that pervades my entire educational philosophy did not come from education or psychology classes; it did not come from the many sermons preached by my Dad and hundreds of other pulpiteers. It came from John Haynie’s studio.”–Douglas Smith, Mildred and Ernest Hogan Professor of Music, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary “I read a book like this and I come out the other end asking, ‘Why didn’t I try this long before now?’ All hail to John Haynie and Anne Hardin.”– Ray Bradbury, author of Fahrenheit 451

Collaborative Aboriginal Economic Development: The Unama’ki Economic Development Model

The environmental impact of this industry included "more than a million tonnes of contaminated soil and sediment" deposited in four areas in the vicinity of the former steel mill: "North and South Tar Ponds; Former Coke Ovens property; An old dump uphill from the Coke Ovens; [and] A stream that carried contaminants from the Coke Ovens to the Tar Ponds" (Sydney Tar Ponds Agency "Project"). The UEBO has grown to include seven full-time staff members, including an executive director, a director, a training coordinator, two training support/job coaches, a finance officer, and an administrative assistant (Unama'ki "Contact"). Since the UEBO responds to the needs of the communities and other stakeholders, staff positions are added or removed as necessary. A Priorities and Planning Committee representing the Sydney Tar Ponds Agency and the local First Nation communities is comprised of the president of the Sydney Tar Ponds Agency, a senior federal representative of Public Works and Government Services Canada (PWGSC), a senior provincial representative of Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal, and the executive body (co-chairs of the steering committee and executive director and director of the UEBO). The ASEP board consists of the five Unama'ki chiefs; representatives of Public Works and Government Services Canada, the provincial Department of Labour, the Sydney Tar Ponds Agency, Ulnooweg Development, and Mi'kmaq Employment Training Secretariat (METS); senior industry representatives; the executive body (with executive director and director of the UEBO ex officio); and a representative of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (ex officio).

Banks Liquidity Risk Analysis in the New European Union Member Countries: Evidence from Bulgaria and Romania

In a modern economy the banking institutions fulfil a double role, on the one hand they provide financial resources for investors while on the other hand they represent a trusted body for depositors. Liquidity risk may arise from the inability of a bank to provide liquidity as stipulated in the contracts, either to investors or depositors, this being extremely well underlined in the context of the recent global financial crisis. The ascension to full time members of the European Union of Bulgaria and Romania has had a tremendous effect on these countries banking systems, determining a series of changes both in the operating strategies and also in the market dynamics. Thus, the aim of our research is to evaluate the liquidity risk of the banks operating in Bulgaria and Romania in the context of the EU ascension process. In order to achieve this we have investigated the role and impact that a series of financial indicators for the capital adequacy, assets quality, management quality and profitability have on the liquidity risk of the banking institutions from our sample, the analysed period being 2003-2011. The obtained results underline that the capital adequacy ratio and the ratio of impaired loans to gross loans have a statistically significant impact on the liquidity risk of the banks operating in Bulgaria and Romania.

Injury and the Orchestral Environment: Part I. The Role of Work Organisation and Psychosocial Factors in Injury Risk

That orchestral musicians are exposed to a high risk of playing-related injury is well established, but despite this, little is known about how work organisation and psychosocial factors may contribute to this risk. Lack of research in this area is surprising considering the importance of these factors in managing occupational health risks in a wide range of other working populations. To address this, we conducted a qualitative study with the following aims: to investigate orchestral musicians' and managers' perceptions of those workplace environmental factors that contribute to injury, and to investigate the potential influence of work organisation and psychosocial factors on injury risk for orchestral musicians. Using a qualitative case-study methodology, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 10 professional orchestral cellists (2 casual and 8 full-time members) from a single Australian orchestra. After initial data analysis, further interviews were undertaken with a set of 5 orchestral management staff as a means of data triangulation. All data were analysed using a "themes-based" analysis of narrative approach. The findings indicate that musicians perceive that stress in the orchestral environment increases injury risk. The perceived stressors were divided into two broad categories: psychosocial injury risks, which included performance stress and interpersonal relationships, and combined psychosocial/physical injury risks such as work organisation and lack of control. This article evaluates the findings in terms of existing literature and makes recommendations for better management of environmental injury risk for orchestral musicians.

Connect 2 Complete: Ongoing Peer Advocacy and Service-Learning at Edmonds Community College

Connect 2 Complete (C2C) is a Campus Compact program with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. At Edmonds Community College C2C employs community-engaged peer advocacy to foster the success and completion of low-income students who need developmental education courses. Our strategy is two-pronged. First, we have supported four faculty fellows who teach developmental courses at Edmonds CC. Three fellows returned from last year and we have added a new fellow this year. Faculty fellows integrate peer advocacy and service-learning into their existing courses, integrating their efforts with the mentoring programs on campus. Second, we have enhanced, streamlined and integrated peer advocate training for mentoring programs across campus. Peer advocates, under the guidance of four full-time AmeriCorps members, lead C2C and service-learning students through hands-on service and learning activities in the community and on campus. These activities that we call “sponsored projects” reach additional low-income students who need developmental courses and provide an ongoing structure of support for C2C students when they complete their course or courses with our faculty fellows. We are exceeding our quantitative targets for reaching low-income students who need developmental education. Beginning this year and going forward we have been placing greater emphasis on the faculty fellows prong of our strategy. This strategy should have the biggest impact long-term and has been encouraged by the national office of Campus Compact. The attention to success and retention of low-income students who need developmental courses coincides with efforts to revamp our college success courses under the auspices of Achieving the Dream. C2C’s complementary and parallel efforts show considerable promise for implementing peer advocacy on a broad scale across campus as a strategy for improving the success of low-income students who need developmental education courses.

Resident work conditions under the microscope

This edition of CJS has a commentary by Imrie and colleagues1 from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada referencing the report Fatigue, Risk and Excellence: Towards a Pan-Canadian Consensus on Resident Duty Hours2 that has recently been released by the National Steering Committee on Resident Duty Hours. A large group of engaged physicians and other experts have reviewed literature on the effect of resident duty hour restrictions in relation to patient safety, resident wellness, training and educational outcomes and the educational needs of surgeons. The working group highlighted evidence suggesting bad outcomes in care delivery and training — particularly for surgical specialties — when total or consecutive hours of resident duty are mandated. Restricting the number of hours, which in reality may be a reflection of an increase in the number of handovers in patient care, seems to have resulted in some bad outcomes. Imrie and colleagues comment on recent studies that reported more complications in high-acuity surgical patients and increasing failures in certification examinations with rigid resident hours. The actual conclusions of this report, as I interpret it, are that a tired doctor may not necessarily be a bad doctor, that there are no conclusive data to show that restrictions on consecutive resident duty hours are necessary for patient safety, that there is no clear evidence that resident duty hour hours have an overall cross-medicine impact on academic performance, and that there is evidence suggesting suboptimal patient care and educational outcomes in surgery resulting from the restriction of resident duty hours. There have been observations that resident wellness suffered owing to longer hours under previous training schemes and that any changes in hours need to incorporate “other” metrics. The National Steering Committee on Resident Duty Hours report is timely, as we enter a phase of determining what is appropriate training or even what defines a normal practice after residency. We are certainly struggling at our national association with the definition of what constitutes a full-time staff member. We are hard pressed to show what constitutes an average call schedule or operating room rotation across Canada. It does seem that most staff surgeons are putting in long hours and doing a fair amount of call. We are not the only people interested in what defines a normal workload for physicians. Medical working conditions remain a hot topic in the popular media. A recent (Aug. 20, 2013) blog post from the New Yorker,3 “Why doesn’t medical care get better when doctors rest more?,” by Dr. Lisa Rosenbaum examined her personal experience. In the article, she, and indirectly her physician mother, recount their take on the enforced resident hours and the attendant physician errors they are experiencing. She examines some of the same literature as the National Working Group on Resident Duty Hours and reaches the conclusion that patient wellness has to come first, because that is what happens in practice after residency. Closer to home, Maclean’s ran a story on a similar subject with an emphasis on the fact that changing the hours worked might have increased errors.4 We definitely need to look at how these observations and this landmark report should change the way we design training programs, especially in surgery. I think adding yet another novel layer, such as competency-based training, on top of restricted resident hours will not mitigate the shortcomings of the current system. But something has to be reconfigured. It may be that we need better studies and that the current results reflect inherent bias. However, we need to step up and do something quickly because it seems the patients may be paying a price for our new programs.

Ada Louise Huxtable (1921–2013)

W hen Ada Louise Huxtable began her career at the New York Times in 1963, she was the first full-time architecture critic on an American newspaper. When she departed in 1981 for the next phase of her career—she was a member of the first class of MacArthur Foundation “genius” fellows—almost every major newspaper had an architecture critic either as a full-time staff member or as a regular contributor, and architecture had become a more conspicuous part of the broader cultural and civic discourse than ever before. Huxtable did not, to be sure, invent her profession, or single-handedly put architecture in the public eye. But no commentator on architecture, before or since, has had her degree of influence over the profession, or her impact on the public’s perception of the built environment. Huxtable’s years at the New York Times coincided with the growth of the historic preservation movement, to which she lent frequent support in the newspaper’s pages, giving preservation what was, in effect, the validation that would help it move into the cultural mainstream. At the same time, she was a passionate advocate of the new, and gave the general public what was, in many cases, its most cogent introduction to the work of architects she admired: I. M. Pei, Louis Kahn, Kevin Roche, Richard Meier, and Kallmann and McKinnell, to name several. She praised their work in memorable phrases such as her description of Meier’s Atheneum in New Harmony, Indiana, as “a gleaming white structure that is as radical an addition to the American heartland as Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoie was to the French countryside at Poissy half a century ago.”1 Kahn’s library at Phillips Exeter Academy, she wrote, emerged out of “the architect’s remarkable, extremely personal, and very passionate love of all that is logical and beautiful …

Charles T. Horngren: Mentor, Role Model, Colleague, and Friend

This expresses the feeling of inadequacy of doing justice to the life and career of Charles Thomas Horngren. Chuck, the son of William and Grace Horngren, was born on October 28, 1926, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. His father worked for over 40 years as a railway mail clerk on the Milwaukee Road. His father was an avid baseball fan, a passion he passed on to his son. Chuck often reminisced about his dad taking him to the baseball games and meeting many of the day’s baseball luminaries. He also had a collection of baseball memorabilia, including Yogi Berra’s autograph in his book, Yogi: It Ain’t Over. . . , co-written by Chuck’s close friend, Tom Horton. Chuck graduated from Washington High School in 1944 and joined the Army. The Army sent him to pre-engineering classes at Ripon College and to engineering classes at what is today known as Texas A&M University. After over two years in the Army, Chuck enrolled at Marquette University and was elected to Beta Alpha Psi. While at Marquette he gained an appreciation for teaching after tutoring basketball players and disabled veterans. He graduated from Marquette as valedictorian in 1949 and remained very loyal to Marquette throughout his life. Upon graduation, he joined Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. (now part of KPMG) as a staff auditor. A year later, he taught full time at Spencerian College, a commercial business college,