Full Summary Research Articles

Veterinarian barriers to knowledge translation (KT) within the context of swine infectious disease research: an international survey of swine veterinarians

BackgroundFood animal veterinarians face commodity specific and urgent global challenges yet conditions preventing use of best available knowledge have been sparsely studied. The American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV) membership (N = 1289) was surveyed online to benchmark their information priorities and their motivations and sources for keeping current with infectious disease research, and to describe their reported time, skill, access, and process as barriers to knowledge translation (KT).ResultsRespondents (n = 80) were mostly from Canada (n = 40) and the U.S.A (n = 31) and demographics approximated the AASV’s. Colleagues are the first choice for information on difficult cases (49%, 95%CI: 38–61). Half of respondents (53%, 95%CI: 41–64) spend an hour or less per week keeping up with infectious disease research. The majority reported moderate or less than moderate efficiency (62%, 95%CI: 51–72), and moderate or greater stress (59%, 95%CI: 48–70) with their process for keeping up. Journal article methods sections are commonly not read, almost a third (32%, 95% CI: 22–43) reported either they do not evaluate statistical methods or that they had poor confidence to do so, and half (52, 95%CI: 41–63) could not explain ‘confounding bias’. Approximately half (55%, 95%CI: 41-69) with direct oversight of swine herds had full access to 2 or fewer academic journals. Approximately a third of respondents (34%, 95%CI: 24–46) selected only formats involving single research studies (either full text or summaries) as preferred reading materials for keeping current over expert summaries of the body of evidence.ConclusionKT barriers are considerable and a source of stress for many swine veterinarians. Sub-optimal efficiency with keeping up and low confidence to appraise aspects of research are concerns. Results are consistent with previous literature and illustrate need for improved KT infrastructure and for additional training in statistical methods and interpretation of primary research. Further evaluation is warranted of why approximately a third of veterinarians in this study, for the purpose of keeping up, preferentially choose to review individual research studies over choices that would include an expert summary of the body of evidence. Consideration of reasons for this preference will be important in the planning of KT infrastructure improvements.

Global Emergency Medicine: A Review of the Literature From 2019.

The annual systematic search of the peer-reviewed and gray literature relevant to global emergency medicine (EM) was conducted by the Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) to screen, evaluate, and review the most rigorously conducted and relevant research in global EM published in 2019. After a broad search of PubMed and websites of organizations publishing relevant gray literature, all articles that were deemed relevant to the fields of disaster and humanitarian response, emergency care in resource-limited settings, and EM development by at least one reviewer, an editor, and the managing editors were then scored by two different reviewers using a 20-point scoring template relevant to either original research (OR) or review (RE) articles. This scoring system rates articles on their clarity, research design, ethics, importance to global EM, and breadth of impact. Articles that then scored in the top 5% were then critiqued in depth. A total of 23,321 article titles and abstracts were screened by 22 reviewers with a wide swath of clinical and research experience in global EM. From these, a total of 356 articles underwent full-text review and scoring on the 20-point scale; 26% were categorized as disaster and humanitarian response, 58% as emergency care in resource-limited settings, and 15% as EM development. Of these 356 articles, 276 (77.5%) were OR articles and 80 (22.5%) were RE articles. The 16 articles that scored in the top 5% (>17.5 of 20 points) received full in-depth narrative summaries. In 2019, the overall number of studies relevant to global EM that were identified by our search decreased from the prior year, but more high-scoring articles related to the development of EM clinical practice and as a specialty in resource-constrained settings were identified.

COVID-19 and Telepsychiatry: Development of Evidence-Based Guidance for Clinicians.

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents unique challenges in health care, including mental health care provision. Telepsychiatry can provide an alternative to face-to-face assessment and can also be used creatively with other technologies to enhance care, but clinicians and patients may feel underconfident about embracing this new way of working.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to produce an open-access, easy-to-consult, and reliable source of information and guidance about telepsychiatry and COVID-19 using an evidence-based approach.MethodsWe systematically searched existing English language guidelines and websites for information on telepsychiatry in the context of COVID-19 up to and including May 2020. We used broad search criteria and included pre–COVID-19 guidelines and other digital mental health topics where relevant. We summarized the data we extracted as answers to specific clinical questions.ResultsFindings from this study are presented as both a short practical checklist for clinicians and detailed textboxes with a full summary of all the guidelines. The summary textboxes are also available on an open-access webpage, which is regularly updated. These findings reflected the strong evidence base for the use of telepsychiatry and included guidelines for many of the common concerns expressed by clinicians about practical implementation, technology, information governance, and safety. Guidelines across countries differ significantly, with UK guidelines more conservative and focused on practical implementation and US guidelines more expansive and detailed. Guidelines on possible combinations with other digital technologies such as apps (eg, from the US Food and Drug Administration, the National Health Service Apps Library, and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) are less detailed. Several key areas were not represented. Although some special populations such as child and adolescent, and older adult, and cultural issues are specifically included, important populations such as learning disabilities, psychosis, personality disorder, and eating disorders, which may present particular challenges for telepsychiatry, are not. In addition, the initial consultation and follow-up sessions are not clearly distinguished. Finally, a hybrid model of care (combining telepsychiatry with other technologies and in-person care) is not explicitly covered by the existing guidelines.ConclusionsWe produced a comprehensive synthesis of guidance answering a wide range of clinical questions in telepsychiatry. This meets the urgent need for practical information for both clinicians and health care organizations who are rapidly adapting to the pandemic and implementing remote consultation. It reflects variations across countries and can be used as a basis for organizational change in the short- and long-term. Providing easily accessible guidance is a first step but will need cultural change to implement as clinicians start to view telepsychiatry not just as a replacement but as a parallel and complementary form of delivering therapy with its own advantages and benefits as well as restrictions. A combination or hybrid approach can be the most successful approach in the new world of mental health post–COVID-19, and guidance will need to expand to encompass the use of telepsychiatry in conjunction with other in-person and digital technologies, and its use across all psychiatric disorders, not just those who are the first to access and engage with remote treatment.

Metal and Covalent Organic Frameworks for Membrane Applications.

Better and more efficient membranes are needed to face imminent and future scientific, technological and societal challenges. New materials endowed with enhanced properties are required for the preparation of such membranes. Metal and Covalent Organic Frameworks (MOFs and COFs) are a new class of crystalline porous materials with large surface area, tuneable pore size, structure, and functionality, making them a perfect candidate for membrane applications. In recent years an enormous number of articles have been published on the use of MOFs and COFs in preparation of membranes for various applications. This review gathers the work reported on the synthesis and preparation of membranes containing MOFs and COFs in the last 10 years. Here we give an overview on membranes and their use in separation technology, discussing the essential factors in their synthesis as well as their limitations. A full detailed summary of the preparation and characterization methods used for MOF and COF membranes is given. Finally, applications of these membranes in gas and liquid separation as well as fuel cells are discussed. This review is aimed at both experts in the field and newcomers, including students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels, who would like to learn about preparation of membranes from crystalline porous materials.

A systematic review of patient access to medical records in the acute setting: practicalities, perspectives and ethical consequences

BackgroundInternationally, patient access to notes is increasing. This has been driven by respect for patient autonomy, often recognised as a primary tenet of medical ethics: patients should be able to access their records to be fully engaged with their care. While research has been conducted on the impact of patient access to outpatient and primary care records and to patient portals, there is no such review looking at access to hospital medical records in real time, nor an ethical analysis of the issues involved in such a change in process.MethodsThis study employed a systematic review framework in two stems, to integrate literature identified from two searches: Medline, CINAHL and Scopus databases were conducted, (for (1) hospitalised patients, patient access to records and its effects on communication and trust within the doctor-patient relationship; and (2) patient access to medical records and the ethical implications identified). The qualitative and quantitative results of both searches were integrated and critically analysed.Results3954 empirical and 4929 ethical studies were identified; 18 papers representing 16 studies were identified for review (12 empirical and 6 ethical). The review reveals a consensus that our current approach to giving information to patients – almost exclusively verbally – is insufficient; that patient access to notes is a welcome next step for patient-centred care, but that simply allowing full access, without explanation or summary, is also insufficient. Several ethical implications need to be considered: increased information could improve patient trust and knowledge but might transfer an (unwelcome) sense of responsibility to patients; doctors and patients have conflicting views on how much information should be shared and when; sharing written information might increase the already significant disparity in access to health care, and have unforeseen opportunity costs. The impact on medical practice of sharing notes in real time will also need to be evaluated.ConclusionsThe review presents encouraging data to support patient access to medical notes. However, sharing information is a critical part of clinical practice; changing how it is done could have significant empirical and ethical impacts; any changes should be carefully evaluated.

Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in West Africa: a Systematic Review

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been described in West Africa (WA) since the beginning of the 20th century. The incidence of cases has markedly increased during the last decades in several countries of the region. Despite that, data remain scarce and fragmentary. The current incidence and geographic distribution of the disease as well as the involved vectors and reservoirs remain poorly documented. The objective of this review was to collect and analyze available data about CL in WA in order to improve the management of cases and the control of the disease transmission. A systematic literature review was performed using the Pubmed, Google Scholar and Hinari databases. Publications focusing on epidemiological aspects of CL, involved parasite species, sand flies and potential reservoir hosts were searched without any restrictions. Unpublished studies were extracted from Google. Manuscripts without full text or summary available were excluded as well as those whose summaries did not contain any usable data. One hundred and fifteen studies were recorded. Among them, 93 filled selection criteria. CL has been reported in 10 West African countries with outbreaks described in five countries. Burkina Faso, where the average incidence of the disease is around 928 cases per year, and Ghana seem to be the most affected. Cases have been confirmed in the majority of studies by microscopy sometimes associated with culture or histology. The exposure rate to Leishmania infection based on leishmanin skin test was relatively high with an overall average of 30.2%. Leishmania major was the only species identified with a predominance of MON-74 (62%) and MON-26 (30.6%) zymodemes. Phlebotomus duboscqi is retained as the vector whereas Sergentomyia darlingi and Sergentomyia ingrami were found naturally infected. Rodents including Arvicanthis niloticus, Gerbilliscus gambiana and Mastomys spp. are reported as the main reservoir hosts. Additional studies are needed to better characterize CL in WA in order to optimize the management of cases and to organize the control of the disease transmission.

Adding evidence of the effects of treatments into relevant Wikipedia pages: a randomised trial

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of adding high-grade quantitative evidence of outcomes of treatments into relevant Wikipedia pages on further information-seeking behaviour by the use of routinely collected data.SettingWikipedia, Cochrane summary...

Automatic Keyword and Sentence-Based Text Summarization for Software Bug Reports

Text Summarization is a process which efficiently retrieves the relevant information from documents. The objective of the proposed, unsupervised approach is to summarize bug reports (software artefacts) with complete content and diversified information. The proposed approach utilizes Rapid Automatic Keyword Extraction and term frequency-inverse document frequency method to extract meaningful keywords and key-phrases with a relevant score. For sentence extraction, fuzzy C-means clustering is used to extracts sentences having high degree of membership from each cluster above a set threshold value. A rule-engine is used for sentence selection. The rules are generated with the domain knowledge and based on the extracted information by the keywords and sentences selected by the clustering method. Cohesive and coherent summary is generated by the proposed method on apache bug reports. For redundancy removal and to re-rank generated summary, hierarchical clustering is presented to enrich the extracted summary. The proposed approach is evaluated on newly constructed Apache project Bug Report Corpus (APBRC) and existing Bug Report Corpus (BRC). The results are compared on the basis of performance metrics such as precision, recall, pyramid precision and F-score. The experimental results depict that our proposed approach attains significant improvement over other baseline approaches such as BRC and LRCA. It also attains significant improvement over existing state-of-art unsupervised approaches such as Hurried, centroid and others. It extracts significant keyword phrases and sentences from each cluster to achieve full coverage and coherent summary. The results evaluated on APBRC corpus attains an average value of 78.22%, 82.18%, 80.10% and 81.66% for precision, recall, f-score and pyramid precision respectively.

Benefits of hippotherapy in elderly people: Scoping review

The study aims to conduct a bibliographic and structured review based on the results found around the terms “Hippotherapy” and “Elderly”. The words were always introduced in English and computerized databases; SCOPUS, WOS and SPORTDiscus. To limit the search, four inclusion criteria were introduced: i) Mention at least some of the characteristics for Hippotherapy for the elderly (minimum 20 words), ii) Only articles, iii) Full text or summary available, and iii) Written in Spanish, English or Portuguese. In conclusion, documents about Hippotherapy in older people address different research topics and shows the main benefits of equestrian therapies on this population.

RPS and PSNC call for law change to ensure ongoing access to full Summary Care Record

RPS and PSNC call for law change to ensure ongoing access to full Summary Care Record

Performing Palimpsest Bodies: Postmemory Theatre Experiments in Mexico by Ruth Hellier-Tinoco

Reviewed by: Performing Palimpsest Bodies: Postmemory Theatre Experiments in Mexico by Ruth Hellier-Tinoco Jimmy A. Noriega Hellier-Tinoco, Ruth. Performing Palimpsest Bodies: Postmemory Theatre Experiments in Mexico. Chicago: Intellect, The University of Chicago Press, 2019. 290 pp. In Performing Palimpsest Bodies: Postmemory Theatre Experiments in Mexico, Ruth Hellier-Tinoco uses the idea of the palimpsest—a manuscript that was erased in order to create space for more writing—as a lens for analyzing contemporary Mexican performance. Performers' bodies, like palimpsests, carry the traces of previous texts on them; they are layered with touches of history and memory that can sometimes be read simultaneously (though perhaps not always entirely). As Hellier-Tinoco states, "Through layering, accumulations and iterations, palimpsest bodies perform complex trans-temporal provocations and re-visions" (5). In this way, she suggests, the performers onstage reinterpret the bodies of history in an act of postmemory. In order to demonstrate this, the book focuses on the Mexican theatre company La Máquina de Teatro, which was founded by Juliana Faesler and Clarissa Malheiros in 1996. To date, the company has staged over 30 productions that have toured throughout Mexico and across the globe. La Máquina de Teatro creates pieces that challenge the historical images and stereotypes that stem from Mexico's past and reimagines them from feminist and queer perspectives. For this book, Hellier-Tinoco chose to focus on four of the group's performance projects that are based on real and mythological [End Page 148] characters of Mexican history. Mexican Trilogy explores the figures of Nezahualcóyotl, Moctezuma II, and La Malinche. Zapata, Death Without End is a yearlong project that consisted of experiments and workshops among five different Mexican theatre collectives, all responding to the legacy of revolutionary hero Emiliano Zapata. War in Paradise is a work-in-progress that stemmed from a three-week collaboration among twenty-five artists (it was based on a novel about Lucio Cabañas, the Mexican schoolteacher who became a revolutionary during the 1960s and 1970s). A solo piece performed by Malheiros, Time of the Devil explores Mexican iterations of the Devil. Each is a different type of theatre experiment and therefore gets its own chapter; each one includes a full summary and analysis of the performance/workshops as well as a number of photos and detailed descriptions of stage actions. The author positions herself within the scope and analysis of the book as an artist and scholar who has worked in Britain, Mexico, and the US, acknowledging her own body "as a container and transmitter of memories and histories" (12). This aspect, however, could have been given more attention as a way of expanding the methodological practices that scholar-artists can use when writing about live performance, especially given the focus on "embodied archival-repertoires" throughout the chapters. In some ways, the book is unconventional in format and methodology, but it serves a greater purpose by archiving and presenting the work of La Máquina de Teatro to an English-speaking audience that otherwise might not have encountered the group or its pieces. With well over 300 color photographs (though some are repeated various times), this book presents the work of the Mexican theatre company in a way that is accessible to scholars, artists, and students. Jimmy A. Noriega The College of Wooster Copyright © 2020 Center of Latin American Studies

Garden-based interventions and early childhood health: a protocol for an umbrella review

BackgroundGarden-based interventions have the potential to impact young children’s health in a number of ways, including enhancing dietary intake, increasing outdoor physical activity, diversifying the gut microbiome, and promoting general wellbeing. A number of recent systematic reviews have either included or focused on garden-based interventions for young children. However, most prior reviews including young children only focus on one health outcome or one setting, making a full summary of prior research assessing the impact of garden-based interventions nonexistent. As such, this umbrella systematic review aims to synthesize the literature on health outcomes of garden-based interventions for young children.MethodsThis protocol outlines the systematic steps we will take to conduct an umbrella review on health-related outcomes of garden-based interventions in children younger than 6 years of age. We will systematically search PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, OVID-Agricola, and CAB Direct, including all systematic reviews and meta-analyses fitting the pre-determined inclusion/exclusion criteria. We will double screen at each phase of the review: title/abstract, full text, data extraction, and quality appraisal. We will assess the quality of included reviews using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). Based on the potential for stark variability in what how reviews report child health outcomes, we will analyze the reviews both narratively and quantitatively, reporting summary of findings tables and iteratively mapping the results. This protocol aligns with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols statement (PRISMA-P).DiscussionThis umbrella review aims to summarize the role that garden-based interventions play in health promotion for young children. We will focus on a number of diverse child health outcomes in an effort to comprehensively synthesize the evidence to inform future garden-based interventions, research, and policy.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42019106848

Pioneers of Social Research: A Life Story Interview Collection

The Pioneers of Social Research, 1996–2018 is a rich qualitative collection of life story interviews with over fifty pioneering academics, who are regarded as having played a significant role in developing the practices of social research across key disciplines. The project was directed by Paul Thompson, himself a pioneer of oral history in Europe. The interviewees are essentially British pioneers, all but six born within what was then the British Empire, but they worked worldwide in Europe, Africa, Australasia, the Caribbean, Latin America and the United States. The collection includes full interview transcripts and detailed summaries, YouTube playlists, thematic highlights and associated teaching resources, all openly accessible through the UK Data Service. The following data paper provides an overview of Thompson’s data collection approach, the archiving and publishing of the data materials, and a discussion of the resources available. It also highlights opportunities of this unique research data for future use.

Full summary statistics QTL mapping i2QTL

Full summary statistics QTL mapping i2QTL

Soviet medicine on the pages of American medical periodicals: «American Review of Soviet Medicine» (1943-1948) in the context of relations between the USSR and the USA

In 1943-1948 the American Review of Soviet Medicine was published in the United States. The journal contained full translations or brief summaries in English of the most significant articles from the Soviet medical press, reviews of Soviet medicine and public health practice written by American physicians, reviews of Soviet books on medicine, news of the American-Soviet Medical Society, as well as presentations by prominent Soviet medical scientists. After the changes in the political course of the USSR and the USA and the beginning of the Cold War, the American Review of Soviet Medicine was closed down.

Global Emergency Medicine: A Review of the Literature from 2018.

The Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) conducts a systematic annual search of peer-reviewed and gray literature relevant to global emergency medicine (EM) to identify, review, and disseminate the most rigorously conducted and widely relevant research in global EM. An electronic search of PubMed, a comprehensive retrieval of articles from specific journals, and search of the gray literature were conducted. Title and abstracts retrieved by these searches were screened by a total of 22 reviewers based on their relevance to the field of global EM, across the domains of disaster and humanitarian response (DHR), emergency care in resource-limited settings (ECRLS), and emergency medicine development (EMD). All articles that were deemed relevant by at least one reviewer, their editor, and the managing editor underwent formal scoring of overall methodologic quality and importance to global EM. Two independent reviewers scored all articles; editors provided a third score in cases of widely discrepant scores. A total of 19,102 articles were identified by the searches and, after screening and removal of duplicates, a total of 517 articles underwent full review. Twenty-five percent were categorized as DHR, 61% as ECRLS, and 15% as EMD. Inter-rater reliability testing between the reviewers revealed a Cohen's kappa score of 0.213 when considering the complete score or 0.426 when excluding the more subjective half of the score. A total of 25 articles scored higher than 17.5 of 20; these were selected for a full summary and critique. In 2018, the total number of articles relevant to global EM that were identified by our search continued to increase. Studies and reviews focusing on pediatric infections, several new and traditionally underrepresented topics, and landscape reviews that may help guide clinical care in new settings represented the majority of top-scoring articles. A shortage of articles related to the development of EM as a specialty was identified.

The reaction of the financial market on the auditor report: an empirical study on service companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE)

Auditing has a very important role in the economic life and the auditor’s report is considered as the end of accounting information system in the enterprise, where it gives full and thorough summary of information content. So, this study aims to identify the existence level and form of financial market reaction on the auditor report by defining the change impact of the external auditor’s opinion on the stock prices of service companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) in the period 2010–2017. The study population consists of all the 37 service companies listed in ASE, in which the audit report type has changed from unqualified to qualified and vice versa, where the number of observations was 48 – 32 from unqualified to qualified and 16 from qualified to unqualified. The results showed that there is statistically significant difference of stock prices after changing the report type from unqualified to qualified, where its prices declined as a result of this change, while there weren’t any statistical differences of stock prices as a result of changing the report type from qualified to unqualified. So, companies must pay more attention to the auditor report issued on its behalf, and work at its best to keep this report unqualified.

Older People’s Assessment Service (OPAS)

To transform a traditional geriatric outpatient service with a 6-week wait into an innovative on-demand service with a 48-hour wait, provide multidisciplinary comprehensive geriatric assessment to all patients, and issue a full summary of the assessment to referring general practitioners (GPs) on the day of attendance. We looked at the numbers of new and follow-up patients seen in all geriatric clinics over the past 2 years to model future requirements and factored in a possible 30% increase in …

The NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog of published genome-wide association studies, targeted arrays and summary statistics 2019.

The GWAS Catalog delivers a high-quality curated collection of all published genome-wide association studies enabling investigations to identify causal variants, understand disease mechanisms, and establish targets for novel therapies. The scope of the Catalog has also expanded to targeted and exome arrays with 1000 new associations added for these technologies. As of September 2018, the Catalog contains 5687 GWAS comprising 71673 variant-trait associations from 3567 publications. New content includes 284 full P-value summary statistics datasets for genome-wide and new targeted array studies, representing 6 × 109 individual variant-trait statistics. In the last 12 months, the Catalog's user interface was accessed by ∼90000 unique users who viewed >1 million pages. We have improved data access with the release of a new RESTful API to support high-throughput programmatic access, an improved web interface and a new summary statistics database. Summary statistics provision is supported by a new format proposed as a community standard for summary statistics data representation. This format was derived from our experience in standardizing heterogeneous submissions, mapping formats and in harmonizing content. Availability: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/.

PHENOMENOLOGICAL FORECASTING OF DISEASE INCIDENCE USING HETEROSKEDASTIC GAUSSIAN PROCESSES: A DENGUE CASE STUDY.

In 2015 the US federal government sponsored a dengue forecasting competition using historical case data from Iquitos, Peru and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Competitors were evaluated on several aspects of out-of-sample forecasts including the targets of peak week, peak incidence during that week, and total season incidence across each of several seasons. our team was one of the winners of that competition, outperforming other teams in multiple targets/locales. In this paper we report on our methodology, a large component of which, surprisingly, ignores the known biology of epidemics at large-for example, relationships between dengue transmission and environmental factors-and instead relies on flexible nonparametric nonlinear Gaussian process (GP) regression fits that "memorize" the trajectories of past seasons, and then "match" the dynamics of the unfolding season to past ones in real-time. Our phenomenological approach has advantages in situations where disease dynamics are less well understood, or where measurements and forecasts of ancillary covariates like precipitation are unavailable, and/or where the strength of association with cases are as yet unknown. In particular, we show that the GP approach generally outperforms a more classical generalized linear (autoregressive) model (GLM) that we developed to utilize abundant covariate information. We illustrate variations of our method(s) on the two benchmark locales alongside a full summary of results submitted by other contest competitors.