Full-scale Pilot Plant Research Articles

The kinetics of batch ultraviolet inactivation of bacteriophage ms2 and microbiological calibration of an ultraviolet pilot plant

Abstract Batch ultraviolet (UV) inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 in water or wastewater effluent using low pressure mercury lamps exhibits a tailing effect, which could be modeled by assuming that the rate constant, k, decreases with the logarithmic reduction, LR, according to the relation: k = aLR + b with a = 0.00044 ± 0.00012 m2/J and b = 0.0152 ± 0.0010 m2/J. It is not clear why k decreases with the LR. Possibilities are differences in sensitivity between individual phages within the population or the formation of clusters of organisms by aggregation with each other or with suspended solids present in the water. A full scale pilot plant could be characterized hydraulically by microbiological calibration using the batch kinetic constants. Ultraviolet disinfection units must be modeled as a number of completely mixed tanks in series.

Coal liquefaction modelling: 3. Application to full scale pilot plant

This is the third paper on modelling coal liquefaction. The first paper focused on the development of a kinetic model for the thermal dissolver of the Wilsonville integrated two stage liquefaction (ITSL) process. The second paper presented a novel parameter estimation method. In this paper a simulation was conducted to determine if the kinetic model developed using the bench-scale data could be used to model the pilot plant thermal dissolver. The kinetic model successfully predicted the dissolver outlet composition with respect to the major products of coal dissolution. Unfortunately, the model tended to overpredict the level of coal conversion.

Use of ultraviolet radiation for inactivation of bacteria and coliphages in pretreated wastewater

The inactivation of bacteria and coliphages by u.v. radiation was tested in a full-scale pilot plant with a flow rate of 180 m 3/h. The investigated water contained about 70% secondary effluent from sewage treatment plants and 30% surface water. The minimal rated radiation density was 13.3 mW/cm 2 (60% of u.v. transmission in water), and the radiation exposure lasted for 3.54 s resulting in a u.v. radiation dose of 47 mWs/cm 2. This type of u.v. radiation chamber decreased the concentration of total coliform organisms, E. coli, fecal streptococci, Salmonella sp. and coliphages in the influent by 1–2 logs. Strains of bacteria, Streptococcus faecalis and Salmonella enteritidis, seeded artificially into the influent showed a reduction of about 2–4 logs after u.v. radiation. The coliphage f2 was more resistant than the tested bacteria and reduced by less than 2 logs through u.v. radiation. The inactivating effect of u.v. radiation was counteracted by the binding of the coliphage f2 to suspended turbid particles. It can be recommended to use u.v. treatment of effluents of wastewater plants after a flocculation and filtration step to improve the efficiency of the u.v. radiation.

How to avoid building a full-scale pilot plant by predicting and eliminating solids handling problems

How to avoid building a full-scale pilot plant by predicting and eliminating solids handling problems

Computer aided part manufacturing

The decisions made by manufacturing engineers have to be flavoured by the value system of the times. The rapid change in value systems caused by the human/environmental revolution, will bring about the beginning of a new epoch in manufacturing. This will make old ways of doing things obsolete, but also create new possibilities. Therefore, manufacturing industry may change to a new pattern better adapted to the new environments. In order to meet this challenge in the Norweigan society, an industrial concept, a cell concept, has been developed by the Production Engineering Laboratory NTH-SINTEF. Vital parts of the cell concept have been tested in a full scale pilot plant, in which a variety of diesel engine parts are machined. Part programming, machine loading and scheduling in the cell together with the cell control functions, are performed computer aided, using a three level computer hierarchy.