Full Phase Research Articles

Bursting dynamics in a spiking neuron with a memristive voltage-gated channel

We introduce a voltage-gated conductance model for an artificial neuron that exhibits tonic, fast, and two types of intrinsic burst spiking. The spike generation is achieved with a single voltage-gated channel that exploits the conductance commutation properties of a two-terminal memristive device. Our circuit implementation is of unprecedented simplicity, using just four electronic components, all conventional, cheap and out-of-the-shelf. Our bursting neuron is a two-compartment model, similar to the Pinsky–Rinzel model. We obtain the full phase diagram and discuss the origin of the different regions. We find that the spike traces of the model bare striking similarity to experimental biological neuronal recordings. Our work may open a new way to investigate neural pathologies, such as epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease, from the study of the phase diagram and the transitions between spiking states of physical neuron models.

Full-Space Wavefront Shaping of Broadband Vortex Beam with Switchable Terahertz Metasurface Based on Vanadium Dioxide

Currently, vortex beams are extensively utilized in the information transmission and storage of communication systems due to their additional degree of freedom. However, traditional terahertz metasurfaces only focus on the generation of narrowband vortex beams in reflection or transmission mode, which is unbeneficial for practical applications. Here, we propose and design terahertz metasurface unit cells composed of anisotropic Z-shaped metal structures, two dielectric layers, and a VO2 film layer. By utilizing the Pancharatnam–Berry phase theory, independent control of a full 2π phase over a wide frequency range can be achieved by rotating the unit cell. Moreover, the full-space mode (transmission and reflection) can also be implemented by utilizing the phase transition of VO2 film. Based on the convolution operation, three different terahertz metasurfaces are created to generate vortex beams with different wavefronts in full-space, such as deflected vortex beams, focused vortex beams, and non-diffraction vortex beams. Additionally, the divergences of these vortex beams are also analyzed. Therefore, our designed metasurfaces are capable of efficiently shaping the wavefronts of broadband vortex beams in full-space, making them promising applications for long-distance transmission, high integration, and large capacity in 6G terahertz communications.

Feasibility of fast, four-dimensional computed tomography-based O-ring LINAC plans for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with poor performance status

PurposeWe aimed to retrospectively analyzed the feasibility of fast four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT)-based O-ring LINAC treatment for patients with an average respiratory amplitude was< 0.5 cm and who cannot endure long treatment times due to poor performance status in lung 4D-stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).MethodsThis study included data of 38 patients who received lung 4D-SBRT and had average respiratory amplitude< 0.5 cm in the full phase. C-arm LINAC plans were based on 4DCT data obtained at phase values ranging from 20–70% using a C-arm LINAC. O-ring LINAC plans were retrospectively established based on 4DCT data obtained at phase values of 0–90% using an O-ring LINAC. The conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and gradient measurement of the planning target volumes (PTV) were analyzed to compare dosimetric data between C-arm LINAC and O-ring LINAC plans. Organs at risk were analyzed in accordance with the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0915 protocol. Treatment delivery time and total monitor units were analyzed to compare the efficiency of treatment delivery. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P< 0.05).ResultsFor the PTV, there was no significant difference in the CI or HI between C-arm LINAC and O-ring LINAC plans. For organs-at-risk, all plans met the criteria for dose constraint. There was a significant difference between C-arm LINAC and O-ring LINAC plans except in the spinal cord. Treatment delivery time was 92% longer for C-arm LINAC plans than for O-ring LINAC plans. The total MU value for C-arm LINAC plans was 9.6% higher than that for O-ring LINAC plans.ConclusionWe verified the feasibility of fast 4DCT-based O-ring LINAC treatment for patients with average respiratory amplitude< 0.5 cm and who cannot endure long treatment times due to poor performance status in lung 4D-SBRT.

Full liquid phase sintering of binder jetting printed magnesium alloy

Migration and diffusion of materials play a critical role in densifying magnesium alloy parts made by binder jetting technology, which is closely related to the sintering temperature. However, the native oxide film of the magnesium alloy forms a barrier between particles, hindering the migration and diffusion processes and making it challenging to manufacture parts with the desired properties. To overcome this issue, this study employs a full liquid sintering method to achieve densification by breaking the oxide film at high temperature, allowing particles to diffuse and migrate. The density, microstructure, grain growth, phase change, cross-sectional morphology and mechanical properties of the manufactured samples at different sintering temperatures were investigated. The results showed that the density and mechanical properties of the samples first increases and then decreases with increasing temperature. The best properties are obtained at 620 °C where the density, the compressive strength and the tensile strength reach 93.16 %, 181.92 MPa and 91.20 MPa respectively. Further, the grain size grows from 38.03 μm at 600 °C to 45.09 μm at 640 °C, a size increase of 18.56 %. Additionally, the material phase composition is consistent at different temperatures, but the α-Mg peak shows a small shift to the left as the temperature increases. The sample morphology shrinks and swells significantly at sintering temperatures above 630 °C, where grain coarsening and larger holes appear in the microstructure, resulting in reduced properties. In summary, the full liquid phase sintering method offers significant advantages in optimizing the sintering process for binder jetting of magnesium alloys.

Assessing Mediterranean agroforestry systems: Agro-economic impacts of olive wild asparagus in central Italy

The intensification of Mediterranean farming systems has adversely affected the environment. As a result, climate change, soil and land degradation, and biodiversity loss have been exacerbated. A potential solution for addressing these challenges and enhancing farm sustainability is diversification, such as implementing agroforestry systems. Specific indicators are commonly used to evaluate the potential of diversification practices. However, agreement on a common set of assessment indicators is rarely reached. Moreover, the different biophysical and socio-economic conditions between regions make it difficult to adopt practices based on standardized assessments. This study aims at developing a practical methodology to assess the sustainability of Mediterranean agroforestry systems, using a three-dimensional evaluation concept for agro-environmental, economic and social performances. The steps in this study were, (i) define a set of relevant indicators and selection criteria, (ii) validate and select indicators through a participatory approach and (iii) apply the indicators to assess the performance of olive-wild asparagus agroforestry systems in central Italy. Expert opinions and stakeholders’ participation were found to play an important role in identifying relevant indicators for assessing farming systems. The results showed that intercropping wild asparagus within olive orchards provides agro-environmental benefits and economic profitability, but also causes a higher workload. With a land equivalent ratio above one, the agroforestry system is more productive and results in a 50% higher income than olive sole cropping. With similar management practices, both systems had a comparable energy use efficiency and pesticide load index value. However, the annual workload, during the full production phase, increases by 75% in the agroforestry system mainly due to manual labor required for asparagus harvest. Furthermore, the agroforestry system had better economic resilience (positive net present value) in the face of drops in crop prices and rising production costs by up to 15%, whereas olive sole cropping generated negative net present value if costs increased by 10% or prices fell by 5%.

Probing proton structure with cc¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \ extrm{c}\\overline{\ extrm{c}} $$\\end{document} correlations in ultraperipheral pA collisions

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Aerobic granular sludge phosphate removal using glucose

Enhanced biological phosphate removal and aerobic sludge granulation are commonly studied with fatty acids as substrate. Fermentative substrates such as glucose have received limited attention. In this work, glucose conversion by aerobic granular sludge and its impact on phosphate removal was studied. Long-term stable phosphate removal and successful granulation were achieved. Glucose was rapidly taken up (273 mg/gVSS/h) at the start of the anaerobic phase, while phosphate was released during the full anaerobic phase. Some lactate was produced during glucose consumption, which was anaerobically consumed once glucose was depleted. The phosphate release appeared to be directly proportional to the uptake of lactate. The ratio of phosphorus released to glucose carbon taken up over the full anaerobic phase was 0.25 Pmol/Cmol. Along with glucose and lactate uptake in the anaerobic phase, poly‑hydroxy-alkanoates and glycogen storage were observed. There was a linear correlation between glucose consumption and lactate formation. While lactate accounted for approximately 89 % of the observed products in the bulk liquid, minor quantities of formate (5 %), propionate (4 %), and acetate (3 %) were also detected (mass fraction). Formate was not consumed anaerobically. Quantitative fluorescence in-situ hybridization (qFISH) revealed that polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) accounted for 61 ± 15 % of the total biovolume. Metagenome evaluation of the biomass indicated a high abundance of Micropruina and Ca. Accumulibacter in the system, which was in accordance with the microscopic observations and the protein mass fraction from metaproteome analysis. Anaerobic conversions were evaluated based on theoretical ATP balances to provide the substrate distribution amongst the dominant genera. This research shows that aerobic granular sludge technology can be applied to glucose-containing effluents and that glucose is a suitable substrate for achieving phosphate removal. The results also show that for fermentable substrates a microbial community consisting of fermentative organisms and PAO develop.

LOS Deformation Correction Method for DInSAR in Mining Areas by Fusing Ground Data without Control Points

The traditional leveling, total station, and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and the new differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) systems have their own advantages and limitations in the deformation monitoring of mining areas. It is difficult to obtain accurate deformation information only using single-source measurement data. In this study, we propose an LOS deformation correction method for DInSAR in mining areas by fusing ground data without control points. Based on free space data, small deformations at the edges of mining influence areas accurately obtained using DInSAR. By combining leveling/GNSS and TLS methods, it was possible to obtain large deformations in central areas without the need for control points located outside the mining influence range. For overcoming the non-uniform coordinates of the “space–ground” data and the limited overlap of the effective measurement ranges, the subsidence prediction model was employed to assist in its fusion. In addition, in LOS deformation correction, we retained the non-full cycle phase of DInSAR and replaced the full cycle phase with the one from the data fusion. Engineering experiments have shown that the correction results preserve the differences in the LOS deformations at the edge areas of the mine influence range, and they recover the lost LOS deformations at the center areas. Using the difference in the LOS deformation before and after correction as the verification indicator, the maximum absolute value of the errors after correction was 143 mm, which was approximately 6.4% of the maximum LOS deformation. In addition, there were still two errors that were large (−112 mm and −89 mm, respectively), and the absolute values of errors were not more than 75 mm. For all errors, the mean absolute value was 36 mm. Compared with 399 mm before correction, the error was reduced by 91%. This study provides technical support and theoretical reference for deformation monitoring and control in mining areas.

Probing reaction channels via reinforcement learning

Chemical reactions are dynamical processes involving the correlated reorganization of atomic configurations, driving the conversion of an initial reactant into a result product. By virtue of the metastability of both the reactants and products, chemical reactions are rare events, proceeding fleetingly. Reaction pathways can be modelled probabilistically by using the notion of reactive density in the phase space of the molecular system. Such density is related to a function known as the committor function, which describes the likelihood of a configuration evolving to one of the nearby metastable regions. In theory, the committor function can be obtained by solving the backward Kolmogorov equation (BKE), which is a partial differential equation (PDE) defined in the full dimensional phase space. However, using traditional methods to solve this problem is not practical for high dimensional systems. In this work, we propose a reinforcement learning based method to identify important configurations that connect reactant and product states along chemical reaction paths. By shooting multiple trajectories from these configurations, we can generate an ensemble of states that concentrate on the transition path ensemble. This configuration ensemble can be effectively employed in a neural network-based PDE solver to obtain an approximation solution of a restricted BKE, even when the dimension of the problem is very high. The resulting solution provides an approximation for the committor function that encodes mechanistic information for the reaction, paving a new way for understanding of complex chemical reactions and evaluation of reaction rates.

Pengaruh fase bulan terhadap produktivitas hasil tangkapan bagan apung di perairan teluk Mutiara Kabupaten Alor

Bagan Apung fishing gear is one of the fishing gear that uses light as a tool in the fishing process. Floating Bagan fishing gear is a fishing gear that produces a high enough value for fishery production. The value of marine fishery production sometimes experiences instability which can be caused by several factors including oceanographic, weather or climate factors and the period of the moon phase. The research method used in this study was observation or following the fishing operation directly on Bagan Apung as many as 16 trips. Data analysis was carried out to see the effect of the catch on the moon phase using the t test and the BNT follow-up test. The composition of the catch shows that the crescent phase has a catch composition of 33% or with a total catch of 884 kg. The first bright spring moon phase with a catch composition of 17% or with a total catch of 454 kg, the full moon phase with a composition of 13% or with a total catch of 346 kg. The second semi-bright moon phase with a composition of 37% or with a total catch of 987 kg. The results of the t test and further test (BNT) showed that there was a moon phase on the catch of Bagan Apung.

Wideband High-Efficiency Transmitarray Antenna Using Compact Double-Layer Dual-Linearly Polarized Elements

In this letter, we propose a wideband high-efficiency transmitarray antenna (TAA) consisted of compact double-layer dual-linearly polarized elements. By loading L-shaped branches and four vias, these elements achieve a low transmission loss and full phase shift in a wide frequency band. Then, an optimization method for calculating the wideband average element loss is introduced, which determines the element distribution on the transmitarray aperture. For verification, a TAA prototype consist of 400 elements is fabricated and measured. The peak gain and aperture efficiency measured at 12 GHz are 27.1 dBi and 52.5%, respectively. The measured 1-dB gain bandwidth is 20.4% and the minimum aperture efficiency achieved across the 1-dB gain bandwidth is 33%. The results reveal that the proposed TAA exhibits the advantages of flat gain bandwidth, high aperture efficiency, low profile, and low cost, endowing it with the potential for conformal applications and the capability to reliably connect satellite links as a communication antenna.

China's CO2 pipeline development strategy under carbon neutrality

Under China's goal of carbon neutrality, there is a huge demand for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, utilization, and storage technology (CCUS). CO2 transport, as a crucial link in the CCUS industrial chain, will inevitably rely on the construction of long-distance CO2 pipelines and infrastructure. Due to the late start and small scale of China's CO2 pipeline construction, and the relative lag in related technologies and policies, it is urgent to make systematical planning and achieve relevant technological breakthroughs for the future construction of CO2 pipeline network as a public infrastructure. Therefore, a three-stage pipeline development path is proposed based on the analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics and the temporal pattern of large-scale commercial development of CO2 carbon sources and storage in China. Moreover, solutions and suggestions are proposed upon the developments analysis in China from the perspectives of pipeline transportation technology, safety evaluation, materials and equipment, and integrity. The results show that the construction of CO2 pipeline network as an important CCUS infrastructure will accelerate with the development of the global CCUS industry; the spatial distribution of CO2 emission sources and storage is unbalanced in China, with 65.8% from the eastern and central China, and CO2 flooding and geological storage contributing to most of large-scale CO2 pipeline transportation. The conclusions are as follows. First, the three-stage development path is a million-ton demonstration project of supercritical CO2 transmission pipeline before China peaks carbon emissions. After the achievement of carbon peak, a 10 million-ton regional network architecture of CO2 pipeline network centered on basins will be built, and trunk pipelines between regions will be formed before achieving carbon neutrality, establishing the national carbon transmission network with a transportation capacity of 10 × 108 ton, and a total mileage of approximately 6 × 104 km. Second, we should carry out research on the technology and equipment for the full phase CO2 pipeline transportation onshore and offshore, improve the domestic pipeline transportation technology, and promote the continuous improvement of the regulatory system in the pipeline transportation industry, so as to facilitate the implementation of demonstration projects.

Selection of breathing phase number in 4D scanned proton treatment planning optimization for lung tumors

The standard four-dimensional (4D) treatment planning includes all breathing states in the optimization process, which is time-consuming. This work was aimed to optimize the number of intermediate phases needed for 4D proton treatment planning optimization to reduce the computational cost. Five 4D optimization strategies adopting different numbers of intermediate states and one three-dimensional (3D) optimization plan were studied for fifteen lung cancer patients treated with scanned protons, optimizing on all ten phases (4D_10), two extreme phases (4D_2), six phases during the exhalation stage (4D_6EX), six phases during the inhalation stage (4D_6IN), two extreme phases plus an intermediate state (4D_3) and average computed tomography image (3D), respectively. The 4D dose evaluation was conducted on all the ten phases, considering the interplay effect. The resulting doses accumulated on the reference phase were computed and compared. Compared to the 4D optimization plans, the 3D optimization plan performed inferiorly in target coverage, but superiorly in organ at risks (OARs) sparing. For the 4D optimization, all the five 4D plans showed similar performance in OARs protection. However, the 4D_6EX and 4D_6IN strategies out-performed the 4D_2 and 4D_3 plans in dose homogeneity. The computing times of the 4D_2, 4D_3, 4D_6EX and 4D_6IN approaches decreased to 32%, 41%, 66% and 67% of the 4D_10 method, respectively. Thus, our study suggested that the use of all phases during inhalation or exhalation stage might be a feasible approach substituting for the full phase strategy to reduce the calculation load while guaranteeing the plan quality for scanned proton therapy.

A double-layer Huygens’ metasurface with complete phase coverage and its dual-polarized meta-lens antenna application

A novel double-layer Huygens’ unit with dual-polarized response and complete phase coverage has been proposed for highly efficient meta-lens antenna application. The designed unit is a symmetric structure in which the double-layer metallic patterns not only act as the electric dipoles but also induce the magnetic dipoles. The balance between the initial electric dipole and the induced magnetic dipole makes the impedance of the metasurface match with that of free space, thus allowing efficient transmission of electromagnetic waves. Moreover, full transmission phase shift and near-unit transmission amplitude can be achieved simultaneously by change the structural parameters of the unit. Utilizing such electromagnetic properties, a dual-polarized meta-lens consisting of 35 × 35 units with size of 161 × 161 mm2 is designed, fabricated and measured. The results exhibit its good radiation performance. The maximum gain at a frequency of 28 GHz reaches 30.8 dBi, with an aperture efficiency of 42.3%. The 3-dB gain bandwidth reaches 12.5%, covering the frequency range of 26.7–30.2 GHz. The simple structure of the designed dual-polarized metasurface, high gain and high antenna efficiency make it an important antenna engineering role.

Dynamic mechanical properties and microstructural evolutions of nanocrystalline Ni at 77 K and 298 K

Dynamic mechanical responses and microstructural evolutions of nanocrystalline Ni with an average grain size of 14 nm at both 77 K and 298 K were investigated by using Split-Hopkinson pressure bar in this work. Nanocrystalline Ni deformed at 77 K exhibited better dynamic compression strength and plasticity. Microstructural characterizations suggested that the deformation processes of Ni were jointly regulated by dislocation activities (such as full dislocations, stacking faults, twinning, and phase transitions) and grain boundary-dominant mechanisms (grain rotation) in the uniformly deformed regions, while dynamic recrystallization was the main feature in shear bands. The cryogenic temperature was conducive to suppressing grain coarsening and obtaining better dynamic mechanical properties. The work is beneficial to understanding dynamic deformation mechanisms and the service of nanocrystalline materials in extreme conditions, in addition to the development of high-performance nanocrystalline metallic materials.

Interventions promoting recovery from depression for patients transitioning from outpatient mental health services to primary care: Protocol for a scoping review.

Patients with severe Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have an increasing risk of new psychiatric hospitalizations following each new episode of depression highlighting the recurrent nature of the disorder. Furthermore, patients are not fully recovered at the end of their treatment in outpatient mental health services, and residual symptoms of depression might explain why patients with MDD have a high risk of relapse. However, evidence of methods to promote recovery after discharge from outpatient mental health services is lacking. The proposed scoping review aims to systematically scope, map and identify the evidence and knowledge gaps on interventions that aims to promote recovery from MDD for patients transitioning from outpatient mental health services to primary care. The proposed scoping review will follow the latest methodological guidance by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) in tandem with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis-extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The review is ongoing. Four electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Sociological Abstracts) were systematically searched from 20 January 2022 till 29 March 2022 using keywords and text words. The review team consists of three independent screeners. Two screeners have completed the initial title and abstract screening for all studies retrieved by the search strategy. Currently, we are in the full text screening phase. Reference lists of included studies will be screened, and data will be independently extracted by the review team. Results will be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The chosen methodology is based on the use of publicly available information and does not require ethical approval. Results will be published in an international peer reviewed scientific journal, at national and international conferences and shared with relevant authorities. A pre-print has been registered at the medRxiv preprint server for health sciences (doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.06.22280499).

Fermionization of a few-body Bose system immersed into a Bose-Einstein condensate

We study the recently introduced self-pinning transition [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 053401 (2022)] in a quasi-one-dimensional two-component quantum gas in the case where the component immersed into the Bose-Einstein condensate has a finite intraspecies interaction strength. As a result of the matter-wave backaction, the fermionization in the limit of infinite intraspecies repulsion occurs via a first-order phase transition to the self-pinned state, which is in contrast to the asymptotic behavior in static trapping potentials. The system also exhibits an additional superfluid state for the immersed component if the interspecies interaction is able to overcome the intraspecies repulsion. We approximate the superfluid state in an analytical model and derive an expression for the phase transition line that coincides with well-known phase separation criteria in binary Bose systems. The full phase diagram of the system is mapped out numerically for the case of two and three atoms in the immersed component.

Thermal and phase change process in a branching T-channel under active magnetic field and two rotating inner cylinders: Analysis and predictions by radial basis neural networks

Effects of combining the use of a magnetic field with rotating cylinders on the thermal processes and phase transitions in a T-shaped branching channel are examined. In the vertical channel, a PCM-packed bed zone is used, and rotating cylinders are used in both the vertical and horizontal channels. For a range of rotational Reynolds numbers (Rew between −300 and 300), Hartmann numbers (Ha between 0 and 80), and cylinder sizes (Rc1 and Rc2 between 0.01H and 0.2H), investigations are conducted for the effects of coupled forced flow, magnetic field, and rotating cylinder interactions on the efficiency of the thermal and phase change processes. When there is no magnetic field, the entire transition time (TF) may be lowered and at Rew=2000, the TF is reduced by about 42.5% in comparison to a stationary cylinder case (Rew=0). Employing rotations at the fastest speed results in a 26% boost in heat transfer. Thermal performance increases become 181% and 205% at Rew=0 and Rew=−2000, respectively, but the TF value drops by around 31.5% and 17.5% when highest magnetic field strength is considered. When magnetic field and a horizontal channel cylinder are employed, the T-channel system operates most well in terms of phase change and heat transfer process. Fast and accurate predictions of the dynamic aspects of the phase change process are obtained and the full phase transition time is correctly calculated by using the radial basis neural network technique.

Manipulation of reflected acoustic wavefront by a comb-like metasurface

This work proposes a design strategy for an acoustic metasurface with the goal of flexibly modulating reflected waveforms. The metasurface unit is composed of a rigid base and a column of rectangular partitions arranged in a comb-like configuration. A full 2π phase shift of the reflected waves can be achieved by adjusting the height of these rectangular partitions. The utilization of a particle swarm optimization algorithm determines the specific phase shift of the units along the metasurface. As a pragmatic example, it is shown that the comb-like metasurface offers a superior ability to direct the propagation of reflected sound waves in the desired directions, and experiments are performed to verify this anomalous reflection phenomenon. Furthermore, numerical calculations effectively demonstrate the application of the acoustic ground illusion. This work presents an effective and feasible design scheme for acoustic wave manipulation.

High Throughput Studies of Doped Li-La-Zr-O Garnet Solid Electrolytes

Lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) is a leading candidate for solid Li-batteries due to its high lithium-ion conductivity, stability in air and against Li metal, and compatibility with high-voltage cathodes.1,2 Despite significant research being done, our understanding of LLZO is limited by the relatively small number of compositions which have been studied; both in the larger Li-La-Zr-O system and in the doped cubic LLZO system, which can accommodate an extremely wide range of dopants.3To study this large number of compositions, we have applied a high-throughput methodology for synthesizing, characterizing, and testing sets of 64 LLZO electrolytes at the mg-scale. We employ a citrate sol-gel synthesis method whereby reagent solutions are dispensed across a well-plate to give a composition gradient. After drying and calcining the gels, the resulting powders are pelleted and then sintered at the desired temperature. High-throughput characterization techniques utilized include powder X-ray diffraction, impedance spectroscopy, DC polarization, and electrochemical stability window testing.Using our methodology, we have recently studied over 700 samples to produce a full phase stability diagram for the Li-La-Zr-O pseudoternary system.4 We found there is significant solubility of Li in the La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore structure, and that both cubic and tetragonal undoped LLZO appearing throughout the system have similarly poor bulk conductivities. This previous study again emphasizes the key role dopants play in LLZO. Herein, our methodology is applied to a comprehensive doping study where 60 different dopants are evaluated under identical synthesis conditions to allow for a thorough understanding of dopant effects on structure, ionic conductivity, electronic conductivity, and electrochemical stability window. Our samples achieve high conductivities over 1 mS/cm and relative densities above 90% with our combinatorial synthesis. Dopant content is optimized for each promising dopant to compare best-case results and correlate performance with structural properties like lattice parameters and density. Since comparing dopants in the literature is often difficult due to varying synthesis methods, this systematic work is essential in rational design of these electrolytes.1.Q. Liu, et al., J. Power Sources 2018, 389, 120-134.2.T. Thompson, et al., ACS Energy Letters 2017, 2, 462-468.3.F. Zheng, et al., J. Power Sources 2018, 389, 198-213.4.E. Anderson et al., DOI:10.1016/j.ssi.2022.116087.