Full Literature Research Articles

Innovative Occupational Therapy Methods for Supporting Students with Disabilities during Coronavirus Disease 2019

Background: As the world continues facing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), life has been challenging. Throughout the world, the most commonly practiced method of prevention from COVID-19 infection has been isolation and social distancing. Since January 2020, most of the countries started implementing lockdowns locally or nationwide as a containment measure. Consequently, there has been a closure of schools. Although there exist several studies on how challenges are being met in mainstream education during COVID-19, little focus has been toward students with disabilities who need supportive services like occupational therapy to aid in their learning. It is imperative to look at the gaps and the methods in which occupational therapists can provide creative and innovative solutions to aid students with disabilities. Hence, this scoping review was undertaken for the innovative occupational therapy methods for supporting those students with disabilities during COVID-19. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify barriers in the context of learning for students with disabilities in COVID-19 and to identify innovative methods in occupational therapy to aid learning for students with disabilities. Study Design: This was a scoping review. Methods: The methodological framework for scoping reviews by Arksey and O'Malley was used in reporting findings. The overarching question: “What are the innovative occupational therapy strategies used to support students with disabilities during COVID-19” was addressed. Using the search terms related to “occupational therapy,” “students with disabilities/special needs” and COVID-19” for the duration of December 2019 to August 2021 in various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched. Only those studies pertaining to learning outcomes within school occupational therapy were included. The data collected were charted. Finally, it was collated and summarized and the results were reported. Results: As per the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, 1188 studies related to the topic were found. After using filters such as full text, English language, and gray literature, 115 studies were identified. Finally, after full-text screening and selecting studies pertaining to learning outcomes within school OT, 5 studies were identified for synthesis. Conclusion: There are a number of studies which prove that telehealth OT in health-related context is successful. In this study, it has been found that telehealth is also emerging as a crucial method of service delivery in occupational therapy for students with disabilities in the learning context.

Value Orientation and Significant Insights as well as Critical Review on Major Challenges and Significant Opportunities on Commerce and Management Education in India

It has been widely debated that while scholars like Nitin Nohria Dean Harvard Business School from Indian origin are leading the world’s top B-Schools; BSchools in India are struggling to find a place among the Top 100 Global Institutions. Out of top 100 institutions 55 are from USA followed by U.K and Canada. India’s expenditure on education as a % of GDP is more i.e. 4.1% compared to 3.6% in Japan and 3.8% in Russia. We often question on the quality of “Made in China “products, but China have clearly excelled India in terms of the quality of management education. There are 10 AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business) accredited institutions in China as compare to none in India., when there are more than 2000 business schools in India as compared to around 230 in China. The management education in India is in pathetic state. Every year more than 1, 10,000 management graduates pass out from various B-Schools, but not even 5% of them reach the professional heights within 5 years of their career. India B-School concentrates on the quantity rather than quality. It had become money based rather than value based. Industry exposure forms a vital part of management studies and the present system does not provide adequate interfaces with the industry. . Commerce generally refers to the exchange of products, services, and anything that make these exchanges easier. In India, commerce education is a key factor in the country's economic growth. Students majoring in commerce often land jobs in industries including banking, insurance, finance, and foreign trade. Therefore, it is crucial to pay attention to this matter. Today's commerce education is facing several severe concerns, including an aging curriculum and increased student unemployment. To gain the full picture, significant studies and literature have been evaluated. It has been discovered that students are becoming less interested in studying commerce. For graduates in the business field, employment opportunities are many. There are numerous employment options available to them. People from all walks of life contribute to the function of finance and accounting in society. Everyday activities such as accounting and finance affect everyone. The leadership of an organization often determines its success. The capacity of regular employees and specialized people to efficiently support management with day-to-day operations by analyzing issues and offering solutions. Students who choose the commerce course can find employment in almost any sector that uses finance. Today, finance is used in practically all industries. Comparing with other top B-schools in India and abroad under the present curriculum, designed by the Indian Universities, the time allotted for industry exposure is about two to three months, which is comparatively low compared to the other top Bschools. Also there is a lack of coordination between Academic and Industry. This paper is an effort to examine the present scenario and drawbacks of management education in India. Also to find out ways to improve it, so that it can be considered at par with the global standards.

550 A Systematic Review of Aesthetic Outcome Using Dermal Regeneration Templates in Nasal Reconstruction

Abstract Aim Nasal reconstruction using Dermal Regeneration Templates (DRT) has been proposed due to their ability to reduce contour defects, avoid donor site morbidity, and facilitate reconstruction. This review aims to determine the aesthetic outcomes of DRT's in nasal reconstruction. Method A full systematic literature review of DRT use in nasal reconstruction was performed by two authors in December 2021. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid EMBASE and Ovid MEDLINE were searched and included papers reporting objective measures of aesthetic outcome. Of the 385 papers identified, 5 were included. Results 75 patients were included. Defects resulted from excision of skin tumors (74) and vascular malformation (1). 1 study used Hyalomatrix, 1 used Integra or Matriderm and 3 used Integra only. 2 papers using Integra left the defect to heal secondarily without a skin graft and healing time was 6 weeks or less, while 3 studies performed a second stage with a full thickness skin graft at 2 weeks or later. Mean defect size was poorly reported, and several subunits were reconstructed. Using the Vancouver Scar Scale and Visual Analogue Cosmetic Scale, significant improvements compared to pre-operative assessment were observed and good to high patient satisfaction. Complications were infrequent. Subsequent flap reconstruction was performed in 12 patients. Conclusions Nasal reconstruction using DRT is reliable however data on aesthetic outcomes are limited. The re-operation rate is reasonably high and data comparing aesthetic outcomes to flaps and skin grafts are lacking. More research reporting objective outcomes is warranted to further evaluate the utility of DRT's.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Green-top Guideline No. 43 June 2022.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Green-top Guideline No. 43 June 2022.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Moxibustion in the Treatment of Infantile Diarrhea.

The main contribution of this research paper is to summarize the results of Meta-analysis of moxibustion in the treatment of infantile diarrhea which is one the common disease and requires considerable attention from the research community and funding organizations. In order to verify that the proposed scheme has merits, a comprehensive searching methodology was adopted by considering various databases such as China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Network Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Pub Med Database, Google Academic, and Cochrane Library. It is important to note that a powerful computer has been utilized to carry out this searching. Finally, only those literature contents are selected which meet the inclusion criteria. Likewise, exclusion criteria was used to exclude irrelevant contents of the literature. RevMan 5.3 was used to analyze the collected data and after reading the titles and abstracts, 29 well-designed studies were selected. Through searching the full text, reading literature, and quality evaluation, 17 papers were finally included. Response rates were reported in all 17 studies, and subgroup analysis was performed based on whether or not other therapies were combined. 7 studies compared the effectiveness of simple moxibustion and conventional therapy in the treatment of infantile diarrhea, and the results showed statistically significant differences [OR = 4.01, 95% CI (2.03, 7.84), P < 0.0001]; 10 studies compared the effectiveness of moxibustion combined with other therapies and conventional therapies in the treatment of diarrhea in children, and the results showed that the difference had general meaning [OR = 4.45, 95% CI (2.83, 7.10), P < 0.00001]. The funnel plot (in Figure) showed that the distribution of included studies was asymmetrical on both sides of the baseline, which could be considered as publication bias. Traditional Chinese medicine moxibustion could effectively relieve the symptoms of infantile diarrhea, and the effect was significant.

Exploring the N1 Position of Biginelli Compounds: New Insights and Trends for Chemical Diversity Generation of Bioactive Derivatives.

Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) are heterocycles obtained by the multicomponent Biginelli reaction. Recently, new synthetic protocols have allowed us to explore functionalisation at less explored positions of DHPMs, such as the N1 position. In this context, a full literature survey of N1- substituted DHPMs was performed. We analysed 27 papers and identified 379 compounds with substituents at the N1 position, most of them with alkyl groups, and a total of 28% compounds with aromatic substituents attached at the N1 position. N1-substituted DHPMs were explored mainly due to their effects on cancer cell proliferation via numerous targets, such as kinesin Eg5, heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 90, and the epidermal growth factor receptor. Similarity analyses were performed using the data of 379 DHPMs from different cheminformatic approaches, i.e., chemical property correlations, principal component analysis, similarity networks, and compound clustering.

Factors Related to Menstrual Hygiene Behavior of Adolescents in Indonesia: Systematic Review

Background: Menstrual hygiene is a component of personal hygiene (personal hygiene), which plays an important role in determining the health status, in order to avoid infection of the reproductive organs. Behaviour menstrual hygiene Pooris one of the main causes of morbidity in adolescents and if not handled properly will have an impact on reproductive health problems. The purpose of this study was to analyses the factors associated with adolescent behaviour menstrual hygiene in Indonesia. Methods: This study uses a systematic review by reviewing the literature obtained from four databases, namely PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results are reported in the PRISMA diagram. Inclusion criteria included literature examining factors menstrual hygiene in Indonesia, adolescents aged 10-19 years, literature in English and Indonesian, full text and open access literature, published literature from the last 10 years (2011-2021), adolescents aged 10 -19 years, the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project) literature was used to assess the quality of the literature. Results: There were 18 literatures that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There is no relationship between biological factors, namely the age of menarche (n= 3, 100%) with behaviour menstrual hygiene in adolescents in Indonesia. There is a relationship between individual factors, namely knowledge (n = 9, 69.2%) and attitudes (n = 8, 80%), interpersonal factors (family support (n = 6, 75%, friend support (n = 4, 50%, teacher support (n= 3, 100%), support for health workers (n= 2, 100%), and mass media support n=3,100%) with behaviour menstrual hygiene in adolescents in Indonesia Conclusion: The importance of support from parents, friends , teachers, health workers to increase adolescent knowledge about behaviour menstrual hygiene and the availability of facilities and infrastructure that support behaviour menstrual hygiene in adolescents&#x0D; Key words: Menstrual hygiene factors, adolescents, Indonesia

A review of the distribution and ecology of the elusive Brown Hairstreak butterfly Thecla betulae (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) in the Iberian Peninsula

The Brown Hairstreak (Thecla betulae L.) is one of the least observed butterflies of the Palaearctic region, even though its distribution spans from Portugal in the west, to Russia and Korea in the far east. Adults are arboreal and seldom descend to ground level. As a result, this species is mostly monitored via the detection of eggs on the food plant during wintertime. In the Iberian Peninsula, this species was largely unknown until very recently, but a recent burst of regional studies in Spain has begun bridging this gap. However, their focused nature and a still incomplete knowledge on T. betulae in Portugal promoted the need for an integrative study at the Iberian scale. Here, we carried out a full literature review on the distribution, ecology and behaviour of T. betulae in Portugal and Spain. Complemented with field work in Portugal, we revealed an almost continuous distribution in the northern third of Iberia, whilst populations further south are mostly mountain-bound. In order to help with future discovery of new populations, we built a species-distribution model relating its occurrence with bioclimatic variables. This model accurately explains the current known occupation of the territory and highlights other areas where the species may potentially be found. Finally, we found evidence of a broadening of the species’ niche through the local use of an hitherto unknown food plant. This study sets a new knowledge baseline for future works and conservation of T. betulae through southern Europe.

Recent Development and Green Approaches for Synthesis of Oxazole Derivatives: A Review

This review compiles green synthetic methods intended for the synthesis of oxazole derivatives. Oxazoles are a class of compounds with a wide range of biological activities. The application and biological activity of oxazoles is highly dependent on their structure. Now-a-days, scientists have been performing the synthesis of oxazole derivatives. High demands in synthesis often result in the production of various hazardous chemical substances. So, to minimize the production of toxic chemical substances, green synthetic approaches are used in this manner. Green synthesis covers different synthetic approaches, including the application of microwave techniques, ultrasound, ionic liquids, deep-eutectic solvents, the use of catalysts and continuous flow synthesis. In this review, the authors mentioned that not only these green synthetic approaches reduce the formation and utilisation of toxic chemicals, but there is an increase in the reaction performance that enhances the product yields, purity, post-synthetic processes and energy consumption when compared to conventional methods. Due to the biological and pharmacological significance of oxazoles and the demands of decreasing toxic solvents, catalysts, and energy consumption, this article gives a full literature survey on the significance of green synthetic methods in oxazole synthesis. It contains a literature survey over the period from 2010-2020. The emphasis of this article is its comprehensive literature survey on oxazole, which is helpful for the researchers working on the oxazole scaffold and gaining information on the green synthetic approaches to their synthesis.

The state of the art of the blockchain ethics in healthcare: A systematic literature review

Blockchain is a software innovation which is based on a cryptographically secured, decentralised, and distributed storage of data. The technological breakthrough was done as a part of and became familiar through cryptocurrencies, where it is used to openly store currency transactions among its users. Blockchain technology has been since proposed and used in various domains ranging from open contracts to electronic voting—as well as in various purposes in eHealth, medical and well-being applications. However, its usage in these sectors possesses several ethical questions as these environments are full of personal and private patient information. To study the state-of-the-art of the blockchain ethics in healthcare, this study presents a systematic literature study (SLR) on this phenomenon. By collecting the relevant primary studies from Scopus, the results show that the utilisation of blockchain is swiftly maturing with new research and applications published constantly in this domain. However, the ethical discussion related to the use of blockchain technologies is still taking its baby steps in healthcare. Despite a few openings, ethical research is practically non-existing when compared against the full extant literature on the topic. Therefore, remarkable amount of further work is needed to cover the potential ethical questions related to the adoption and use of the technology.

Call for nominations for HIST Breakthrough Awards

The American Chemical Society Division of the History of Chemistry is calling for nominations for its 2021 Citations for Chemical Breakthrough Awards. The awards recognize breakthrough publications, books, and patents worldwide in the field of chemistry. The advances must have had a revolutionary concept, broad scope, and long-term impact. Departments or institutions being recognized will receive a plaque to be hung near the office or laboratory where the breakthrough was achieved. Nominations must include a full literature citation and a supporting statement of up to 200 words. All nominations must be received by Oct. 1. For more information and nomination forms, visit bit.ly/3jZL6Kc or contact Jeffrey I. Seeman at jseeman@richmond.edu. Please send announcements of awards to acsnews.cen@acs.org.

Microbial Metabolites: The Emerging Hotspot of Antiviral Compounds as Potential Candidates to Avert Viral Pandemic Alike COVID-19.

The present global COVID-19 pandemic caused by the noble pleomorphic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a vulnerable situation in the global healthcare and economy. In this pandemic situation, researchers all around the world are trying their level best to find suitable therapeutics from various sources to combat against the SARS-CoV-2. To date, numerous bioactive compounds from different sources have been tested to control many viral diseases. However, microbial metabolites are advantageous for drug development over metabolites from other sources. We herein retrieved and reviewed literatures from PubMed, Scopus and Google relevant to antiviral microbial metabolites by searching with the keywords “antiviral microbial metabolites,” “microbial metabolite against virus,” “microorganism with antiviral activity,” “antiviral medicine from microbial metabolite,” “antiviral bacterial metabolites,” “antiviral fungal metabolites,” “antiviral metabolites from microscopic algae’ and so on. For the same purpose, the keywords “microbial metabolites against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2” and “plant metabolites against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2” were used. Only the full text literatures available in English and pertinent to the topic have been included and those which are not available as full text in English and pertinent to antiviral or anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity were excluded. In this review, we have accumulated microbial metabolites that can be used as antiviral agents against a broad range of viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Based on this concept, we have included 330 antiviral microbial metabolites so far available to date in the data bases and were previously isolated from fungi, bacteria and microalgae. The microbial source, chemical nature, targeted viruses, mechanism of actions and IC50/EC50 values of these metabolites are discussed although mechanisms of actions of many of them are not yet elucidated. Among these antiviral microbial metabolites, some compounds might be very potential against many other viruses including coronaviruses. However, these potential microbial metabolites need further research to be developed as effective antiviral drugs. This paper may provide the scientific community with the possible secret of microbial metabolites that could be an effective source of novel antiviral drugs to fight against many viruses including SARS-CoV-2 as well as the future viral pandemics.

Four research papers I wish my GP had read before prescribing antidepressants.

In 1996, when I was prescribed an antidepressant, there was already published research that showed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), commonly known as antidepressants, caused withdrawal effects.1 However, at that time, the Defeat Depression campaign had successfully created a narrative adopted by most prescribers, in which anxiety or depression were described to the patient as caused by a ‘chemical imbalance in the brain’ and that SSRIs were safe, effective, and non-addictive. Why would a doctor feel the need to do a full literature review? Today the word is out that my experience of attempting repeatedly to stop taking the drug and experiencing increasingly severe withdrawal effects is by no means uncommon. We now know a drug can cause dependence without causing addiction. Dependence is simply the physiological consequence of taking a drug that causes the body (especially the brain and central nervous system) to change its structure and functioning in response to the ongoing presence of the drug — for example, an antidepressant. The Public Health England (PHE) report Dependence and withdrawal associated with some prescribed medicines. An evidence review , published in 2019,2 established that 25% of adults in England were taking a dependence-forming drug. This led to the Royal College of Psychiatrists publishing a new position statement on antidepressant withdrawal, identifying it as potentially ‘severe and long-lasting’ , and something that patients should be made aware of during informed consent for these medications.3 As a busy GP, should you wish to learn more through reading current research, which papers give you the best insight into …

The use of the Amplatzer Vascular Plug in the prevention of endoleaks during abdominal endovascular aneurysm repair: A systematic literature review on current applications.

The Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP) is a vascular occlusion device designed to provide optimal embolization in several fields of the endovascular surgery. A full literature review was conducted to analyze AVPs in comparison with coils for the prevention of endoleaks during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. A systematic review was designed under PRISMA statement guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The results were updated with a subsequent electronic search using Medline and Scopus databases up to December 2019. Eighteen articles making this comparison were found. In 79.7% of the cases, the target vessel was the internal iliac artery; in 1.6%, the common iliac artery; and in 16.7%, the inferior mesenteric artery. Risk of complications (buttock claudication, groin hematoma, endoleaks, and erectile dysfunction) after AVP was low. A cost comparison revealed that the mean cost for coils was around US$2262, while the average cost for the AVP was US$310. The AVP is an effective and safe device for occluding peripheral vessels, proved to have lower complications rates. Compared with coil embolization, the AVP technique is potentially associated with lower procedural costs.

On the optimality of 2\xb0C targets and a decomposition of uncertainty

Determining international climate mitigation response strategies is a complex task. Integrated Assessment Models support this process by analysing the interplay of the most relevant factors, including socio-economic developments, climate system uncertainty, damage estimates, mitigation costs and discount rates. Here, we develop a meta-model that disentangles the uncertainties of these factors using full literature ranges. This model allows comparing insights of the cost-minimising and cost-benefit modelling communities. Typically, mitigation scenarios focus on minimum-cost pathways achieving the Paris Agreement without accounting for damages; our analysis shows doing so could double the initial carbon price. In a full cost-benefit setting, we show that the optimal temperature target does not exceed 2.5 °C when considering medium damages and low discount rates, even with high mitigation costs. With low mitigation costs, optimal temperature change drops to 1.5 °C or less. The most important factor determining the optimal temperature is the damage function, accounting for 50% of the uncertainty.

Cost-effectiveness of risk-based breast cancer screening: A systematic review.

To analyse published evidence on the economic evaluation of risk-based screening (RBS), a full systematic literature review was conducted. After a quality appraisal, we compared the cost-effectiveness of risk-based strategies (low-risk, medium-risk and high-risk) with no screening and age-based screening. Studies were also analysed for modelling, risk stratification methods, input parameters, data sources and harms and benefits. The 10 modelling papers analysed were based on screening performance of film-based mammography (FBM) (three); digital mammography (DM) and FBM (two); DM alone (three); DM, ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (one) and DM and US (one). Seven studies did not include the cost of risk-stratification, and one did not consider the cost of diagnosis. Disutility was incorporated in only six studies (one for screening and five for diagnosis). None of the studies reported disutility of risk-stratification (being considered as high-risk). Risk-stratification methods varied from only breast density (BD) to the combination of familial risk, genetic susceptibility, lifestyle, previous biopsies, Jewish ancestry and reproductive history. Less or no screening in low-risk women and more frequent mammography screening in high-risk women was more cost-effective compared to no screening and age-based screening. High-risk women screened annually yielded a higher mortality rate reduction and more quality-adjusted life years at the expense of higher cost and false positives. RBS can be cost effective compared to the alternatives. However, heterogeneity among risk-stratification methods, input parameters, and weaknesses in the methodologies hinder the derivation of robust conclusions. Therefore, further studies are warranted to assess newer technologies and innovative risk-stratification methods.

NLM-Chem, a new resource for chemical entity recognition in PubMed full text literature

Automatically identifying chemical and drug names in scientific publications advances information access for this important class of entities in a variety of biomedical disciplines by enabling improved retrieval and linkage to related concepts. While current methods for tagging chemical entities were developed for the article title and abstract, their performance in the full article text is substantially lower. However, the full text frequently contains more detailed chemical information, such as the properties of chemical compounds, their biological effects and interactions with diseases, genes and other chemicals. We therefore present the NLM-Chem corpus, a full-text resource to support the development and evaluation of automated chemical entity taggers. The NLM-Chem corpus consists of 150 full-text articles, doubly annotated by ten expert NLM indexers, with ~5000 unique chemical name annotations, mapped to ~2000 MeSH identifiers. We also describe a substantially improved chemical entity tagger, with automated annotations for all of PubMed and PMC freely accessible through the PubTator web-based interface and API. The NLM-Chem corpus is freely available.

Towards a downstream passage solution for out-migrating American eel (Anguilla rostrata) on the St. Lawrence River

There is a need to develop safe and effective downstream passage for diadromous anguillid eels on large rivers, where the combination of physical screening and bypass structures that is used to protect eel on smaller rivers is infeasible. The Eel Passage Research Center was established in 2013 to address the challenge of providing safe passage for out-migrating silver-stage American eel (Anguilla rostrata) on the St. Lawrence River, the outflow of the Laurentian Great Lakes, which is spanned by two large, mainstem hydroelectric generating stations. The Center's goal is to develop the technology to behaviorally guide eel to a collection point for capture and transfer around the two generating stations. To achieve this goal, three parallel initiatives were undertaken; 1) research into behavioral guidance techniques suitable for guiding out-migrating eel on large, high flow rivers, 2) the evaluation of sonar technologies for detection of eel, necessary for assessing in situ guidance, and 3) the commissioning of literature reviews for the most promising guidance technologies. A number of behavioral guidance stimuli, including electricity, flow, sound and electromagnetic fields were examined in laboratory and flume settings for their utility in guiding out-migrating silver-stage eel. Of the techniques examined, only sound showed any promise for guidance. Three sonar technologies (Simrad 120 kHz EK60 echosounder, Sound Metrics ARIS Explorer 1800 sonar, and the Kongsberg Mesotech 500 kHz M3 multi-mode multibeam sonar) were evaluated to determine if existing acoustic technologies could be used to estimate the relative abundance and distribution of out-migrating silver-phase American eel in the St. Lawrence River. Only the ARIS unit could successfully identify eel targets, and only over a short (<15 m) range. The immense volume of sonar data accumulated over a portion of a single outmigration season contributed to the successful development of machine learning tools to automate the identification of American eel targets. Based on previous research on the St. Lawrence River identifying light as a promising deterrent, and the potential for sound as a deterrent in this study, full literature reviews were commissioned for these two stimuli. Lessons learned to date have resulted in the design of a subscale, prototype guidance structure that is expected to be deployed in 2022.

Understanding trauma in children and young people in the school setting

Aim:Educational practitioners are increasingly aware of trauma experiences in students as a factor in child disturbance and schooling problems. This discussion paper aims to clarify definitions of trauma and differentiate them from other adverse childhood experiences (ACE), describe trauma impact in terms of clinical outcomes (PTSD, emotional and behavioural disorder) and how attachment factors mediate risk and discuss the challenges and ethics of identifying and enquiring about trauma experience in a school setting.Rationale:Schools are increasingly required to be ‘trauma sensitive’ and to intervene where possible, with government requirements of improving mental health in schools. However, this poses a real challenge for educationalists given the barriers due to ethics, stigma/secrecy, referral implications and measurement availability for whole school approaches. Universal screening may provide a framework that helps schools recognise, measure and treat trauma.Findings:A conceptual model clarifying trauma exposure, trauma impact and mediating factors is identified to aid understanding for teachers. Use of technological screening methods for whole school monitoring of trauma impacts, including mediating risks, are outlined.Limitations:A full literature review of trauma or school-based interventions is not provided. Nor are biological impacts of trauma at different developmental stages described.Conclusion:Teachers would benefit from having a psychological understanding of trauma models and their component parts in order to identify what lies within the remit of schools for identification and intervention.

Recent Development in Indole Derivatives as Anticancer Agent: A Mechanistic Approach.

Cancer accounts for several deaths each year. There are multiple FDA approved drugs for cancer treatments. Due to the severe side effects and multiple drug resistance, the current drug therapies become ineffective. So, the newer moieties with fewer toxic effects are necessary for the development. The mechanism of indole derivatives as anti-cancer agents with their major target is explored in detail in this article. Recent advances and mechanism of indole derivatives as anti-cancer agents are reviewed. This review suggests a detailed explanation of multiple mechanisms of action of various indole derivatives: cell cycle arrest, aromatase inhibitor estrogen receptor regulator, tubulin inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, topoisomerase inhibitors, and NFkB/PI3/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors, through which these derivatives have shown promising anti-cancer potential. A full literature review showed that the indole derivatives are associated with the properties of inducing apoptosis, aromatase inhibition, regulation of estrogen receptor and inhibition of tyrosine kinase, tubulin assembly, NFkB/PI3/Akt/mTOR pathway, and HDACs. These derivatives have shown significant activity against cancer cell lines. Indole derivatives seem to be important in cancer via acting through various mechanisms. This review has shown that the indole derivatives can further be explored for the betterment of cancer treatment, and to discover the hidden potential of indole derivatives.