Full Lips Research Articles

Rabson–Mendenhall Syndrome in a brother-sister pair in Kuwait: Diagnosis and 5 year follow up

AimTo report on Rabson–Mendenhall Syndrome (RMS) diagnosed in Kuwait. MethodsA toddler (18 months old) was referred with high plasma insulin and dysmorphic features suggestive of RMS including coarse facial features with globular nose, full lips and furrowed tongue. His skin was hyperkeratotic with hypertrichosis. His sister (aged 13.5 years) was diagnosed with diabetes at 9 years of age and treated with metformin and insulin. She presented with similar dysmorphic features, extensive acanthosis nigricans, dental abnormalities and bilateral nephrocalcinosis. The children were born to non-consanguineous parents. Blood samples were sent for genetic testing in a reference laboratory. ResultsBoth children were found to be homozygous for the p.Arg141Trp missense variant (p.Arg114Trp if numbered according to pro-receptor sequence) in the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor. ConclusionsThese cases demonstrate the importance of raising awareness among healthcare professionals to ensure rapid referral of patients with characteristic physical features of RMS and severe insulin resistance for genetic testing. Unfortunately, treatment of RMS patients remains a challenge with poor prognosis and short life expectancy usually caused by diabetes-related complications. Genetic testing confirms the diagnosis and allows informed genetic counseling of parents considering future pregnancies.

SUN-096 Incidentally Found Severe Hypercalcemia in a Pediatric Patient, Diagnostic Challenge

Introduction: Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia is an intriguing feature of Williams syndrome (WS), occurring in ~15% of diagnoses and is typically not clinically severe. Symptomatic hypercalcemia usually resolves during childhood, but lifelong abnormalities of calcium(Ca) and vitamin D metabolism may persist. The cause of the abnormality in Ca metabolism is still unknown. Hypercalciuria generally accompanies hypercalcemia, but isolated hypercalciuria, especially after infancy, can also occur. Nephrocalcinosis is relatively rare, found in less than 10% of patients undergoing renal ultrasonography. We report a 13-month-old female infant with a history of peripheral pulmonary stenosis and constipation, who presented with severe hypercalcemia that led to a new diagnosis of WS. Case presentation: A 13-month-old girl with a history of peripheral pulmonary stenosis, global developmental delay, and constipation presented to the neurology clinic for evaluation of gross motor delay. She was found to have upper body part hypotonia, decreased reflexes, and on laboratory evaluation, severe hypercalcemia with Ca level of 15.0 mg/dL (8.7 - 10.7). The patient was admitted for management of severe hypercalcemia. Physical exam was also remarkable for subtle features of WS: a happy baby, very social, with prominent eyes, full cheeks, flat nasal bridge, round nasal tip, full lips, and a wide smile. Repeated Ca level on admission was 15.9 mg/dL, with normal albumin level of 4.6 g/dL (2.9-5.5), elevated ionized calcium (iCal) of 1.99 mmol/L (0.95 - 1.32), and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) of <4.0 pg/mL (8.0 - 85.0). Further evaluation revealed a normal 25 hydroxy-vitamin D:41 ng/mL (30-80) and low 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D:10pg/mL (31-87). Further evaluation revealed elevated urine calcium to creatinine ratio of 0.7 (normal for age <0.56) and renal ultrasound remarkable for medullary nephrocalcinosis. The patient had a complete blood count within normal limits and a PTH related protein of 26 pg/mL (14-27), ruling out malignancy. Hypercalcemia responded well to intravenous fluids and diuretics, the patient being discharged home after two days on furosemide and potassium supplements with close electrolytes monitoring. The patient required calcium reducing therapy for four months to maintain Ca levels within 9-12 range. The medication was decreased gradually based on calcium and ical levels. The patient is currently doing well, with a normal calcium level, and has being off medication for the past three months. Conclusion: This is a rare case of severe hypercalcemia, which led to the diagnosis of WS. Although idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia occurs in 15% of patients with WS, usually the presentation is mild, and the patients do not require medical interventions. Our patient presented with severe hypercalcemia and subtle physical features of WS that led to genetic testing and final diagnosis.

Lip augmentation with hyaluronic acid during orthognathic surgery

Background: Severe malocclusion requires combined treatment of surgery and orthodontics. Changes in facial skeleton produced by this treatment modality affect not only the bones of facial skeleton, but also the relationship between hard and soft tissue of the face. The most widely used technique for repositioning the maxilla is Le Fort I osteotomy wich can be used for correction of vertical, anteroposterior and transverse problems that involve the maxilla. As a supplement to osteotomy, enhancement of facial aesthetics is increasingly being used to gain more harmony in the face and/or to achieve facial rejuvenation. Full lips have always been associated with youth and beauty. In youthful Caucasian lips, the ideal vertical height ratio of the upper lip to the lower lip is 1:1.6 (frontal view). On the lateral view, if a straight line is drawn from the subnasion to the pogonion, the upper lip should project 3.5 mm anterior to the line and the lower lip should project 2.2 mm; the upper lip should project slightly greater than the lower lip – again about 1.6:1. The Hyaluronic Acid (HA) application to lip formation is an alternative to refine the lips appearance. The HA is suggested in orthognatic planning when the predictive analyses shows a correct skeleton position but a lip aspect minor than expected.

Consensus Opinions on Facial Beauty and Implications for Aesthetic Treatment in Middle Eastern Women.

Background:Middle Eastern women worldwide increasingly seek aesthetic treatment to enhance their beauty and improve self-esteem, but literature describing standards of beauty across the Middle East are scarce. Knowledge of facial anthropometry and Middle Eastern subregional beauty preferences and aesthetic weaknesses are key to develop an effective facial enhancement strategy that does not jeopardize ethnic identity or facial harmony.Methods:Dermatologists and plastic surgeons from 8 Middle Eastern countries who had 7.5–25 (mean 13.5) years of experience in aesthetic medicine examined female Middle Eastern beauty in 4 geographic subregions: the Gulf (comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates), Iran, Lebanon, and Egypt. They developed consensus opinions regarding facial beauty, aesthetic deficiencies, and injectable treatment solutions.Results:Facial anthropometry differs between Middle Eastern and Western women, and also within the region. Although subregional differences are seen, beauty is generally recognized by an oval or round face; temple fullness; pronounced, elevated, arched eyebrows; large almond-shaped eyes; well-defined, laterally full cheeks; a small, straight nose; full lips; a well-defined jawline; and a prominent, pointed chin. The relative prominence of the nose necessitates attention to the lips and the shape and projection of the chin. Aging is often accompanied by midface sagging that leads to increased heaviness in the lower facial third.Conclusions:Middle Eastern beauty is characterized by striking eyes, defined cheeks, and full lips. These consensus opinions inform aesthetic practitioners who treat Middle Eastern women worldwide about their aesthetic ideals and the implications for treatment.

Leukoencephalopathy in RIN2 syndrome: Novel mutation and expansion of clinical spectrum

RIN2 syndrome also known as MACS syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder caused by RIN2 mutations and is accompanied by following clinical features: macrocephaly, coarsening of facial features, downward slanting palpebral fissures, Puffy droopy eyelids, full everted lips, soft redundant skin especially in face, gum hypertrophy, irregular dentition, sparse scalp hair, skeletal problems, joint hypermobility and scoliosis. RIN2 gene encodes the RAS and RAB interactor 2 and biallelic mutations in this gene cause cell trafficking dysfunction. Here we reported the eleventh patient of RIN2 syndrome in a 4 yr-old boy, from Tehran, Iran as the youngest reported patient so far. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel frameshift homozygous variant of NM_001242581.1: c.2251dup; p.(Leu751Profs*9) in RIN2 gene. In addition to the previously reported symptoms for the RIN2 syndrome, white matter abnormalities in his brain MRI were noticed. Our findings expand the clinical spectrum of MACS syndrome due to mutation in RIN2 gene.

Death by a Thousand Cutting Remarks.

Death by a Thousand Cutting Remarks Hillary Newsome In medical school we learn that the approximate blood volume of a human being is somewhere around 5L. If in order to be in danger of bleeding to death, a person needs to lose over half their blood volume, then I am approaching the path of no return. I’m tachycardic and pale. My mentation has slowed and I’m drifting in and out of consciousness. If someone doesn’t intervene soon, I’ll be gone. Figuratively, anyway. I haven’t suffered a horrible accident. There has been no procedure gone wrong with significant injury to an aberrant artery. Instead, this has been a slow transition. A drop escapes here and there as a papercut I didn’t even know I had. A small stream of red trickles from my finger and gets wiped away. The only evidence of the cut I have is the stinging from the Purell I use in and out of every patient’s room on morning rounds. A random nick shouldn’t be too surprising. After all, I deal with sharps by nature of the job: a 15 blade for a skin incision, an 11-blade for a neck abscess, 30-g for an infraorbital nerve block. I am navigating a surgical world. My attendings, the majority of them white males, have hands that are thick and calloused from their own versions of needle sticks and paper cuts. After all, we see the same patients, do the same procedures, though I perform them much less adeptly at this earlier stage (which may [End Page E10] be a contributing reason for my lower hematocrit). I seem to suffer from a different barrage of miniscule trauma leaching my precious red blood cells. Is it because I am a woman? Or is it because I am black? Because I am a black woman? I’m bleeding, and it’s because I’ve been noticed. “Do you have a self-confidence problem? Because you write like someone who does.” That was the observation made after reviewing my life story on a piece of paper. That was how the interview at my state medical school opened. What had I written in my personal statement that had tipped this middle-aged white man off? A story about a young and black woman traversing the unfamiliar terrain of academia as the first person in her whole entire family pursuing a doctorate degree, despite having been told she should consider a different career? Or was it just because I was a 21-year-old and black woman, which then, and now, is enough to make one second-guess herself. My hemoglobin dropped 1 unit. Needless to say, I did not matriculate into medical school there. “Cystic duct?” I knew that was the answer I read in my textbook while preparing for my general surgery rotation. But the way I said it came off more as a question than an answer. Uptalk. “Don’t talk like that.” She demands. My facial expression turns to puzzled. “Like that? You know?” Her sentence ending with an inflection that mimicked mine. “Women surgeons should not speak like that,” she concluded. Blood splatters on the floor and our eyes dart at the crimson fluid. We both know it’s mine, probably 150cc or so escaping from the stab wound she had created while reminding me there is no room for a young, millennial woman like me in surgery. A surgeon must become intimately aware of her patient’s body. This patient may have a left level three node, which you must be sure to include in the neck dissection, while the next patient may have some anatomic variant you’ve never seen. Unfortunately, something about the way I look—the apparent youth of my dimpled cheeks, the hooding of my eyes, or the texture of my hair— gives each patient just enough courage to forego the social niceties taught to them by their mothers. My patients have seen my full lips, my freckles, my tawny skin, my height and have become so familiar with me in a single meeting that they must tell me their observations of my body...

LARP7 variants and further delineation of the Alazami syndrome phenotypic spectrum among primordial dwarfisms: 2 sisters

Alazami syndrome (AS) (MIM# 615071) is an autosomal recessive microcephalic primordial dwarfism (PD) with recognizable facial features and severe intellectual disability due to depletion or loss of function variants in LARP7. To date, 15 patients with AS have been reported. Here we describe two consanguineous Algerian sisters with Alazami PD due to LARP7 homozygous pathogenic variants detected by whole exome sequencing. By comparing these two additional cases with those previously reported, we strengthen the key features of AS: severe growth restriction, severe intellectual disability and some distinguishing facial features such as broad nose, malar hypoplasia, wide mouth, full lips and abnormally set teeth. We also report significant new findings enabling further delineation of this syndrome: disproportionately mild microcephaly, stereotypic hand wringing and severe anxiety, thickened skin over the hands and feet, and skeletal, eye and heart malformations. From previous reviews, we summarize the main etiologies of PD according to the involved mechanisms and cellular pathways, highlighting their clinical core features.

Ideals of Facial Beauty Amongst the Chinese Population: Results from a Large National Survey.

Surgical and non-surgical aesthetic treatments are very popular throughout Asia and in particular in China. With the globalisation and immigration of Chinese people to other countries where many seek treatment from Western-trained doctors, it is important to understand the ideals of beauty amongst Chinese people so as to achieve optimal results. We conducted an online survey to understand the preference of Han Chinese laypersons for facial shape, profile (straight, convex, concave), jaw angle and shape, and shape of the chin, nose, and lips. In addition, the participants were asked about their educational level, geographic location, likelihood to have cosmetic surgery, preference for surgical or non-surgical cosmetic procedures and whether ''being beautiful'' would affect their daily life. A total of 1417 responses were collected from 599 male and 818 female participants, the majority of them who were 25-35 years old (58.93%). The responses showed that the majority of participants preferred an oval face shape, with a smoothly tapered jaw angle for both men and women, round and pointy chin for both genders, straight to concave nose profile and full lips with well-defined cupid's bow. Most responders indicated they were not willing to undergo cosmetic surgery; however, when given a choice between surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures, 82.22% of the participants preferred non-surgical procedures. The majority of respondents (83%) thought that being beautiful has an effect on daily life and improves quality of life.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Ideals of Facial Beauty Amongst the Chinese Population: Results from a Large National Survey

Surgical and non-surgical aesthetic treatments are very popular throughout Asia and in particular in China. With the globalisation and immigration of Chinese people to other countries where many seek treatment from Western-trained doctors, it is important to understand the ideals of beauty amongst Chinese people so as to achieve optimal results. We conducted an online survey to understand the preference of Han Chinese laypersons for facial shape, profile (straight, convex, concave), jaw angle and shape, and shape of the chin, nose, and lips. In addition, the participants were asked about their educational level, geographic location, likelihood to have cosmetic surgery, preference for surgical or non-surgical cosmetic procedures and whether “being beautiful” would affect their daily life. A total of 1417 responses were collected from 599 male and 818 female participants, the majority of them who were 25–35 years old (58.93%). The responses showed that the majority of participants preferred an oval face shape, with a smoothly tapered jaw angle for both men and women, round and pointy chin for both genders, straight to concave nose profile and full lips with well-defined cupid’s bow. Most responders indicated they were not willing to undergo cosmetic surgery; however, when given a choice between surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures, 82.22% of the participants preferred non-surgical procedures. The majority of respondents (83%) thought that being beautiful has an effect on daily life and improves quality of life.Level of Evidence VThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Dentofacial characteristics in a child with Meier–Gorlin syndrome: A rare case report

Meier–Gorlin syndrome (MGS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the triad of microtia, absent or small patellae and short stature. The other associated clinical features may include developmental delay, congenital pulmonary emphysema, gastro-esophageal reflux, urogenital anomalies, such as cryptorchidism and feeding problems. The facial characteristics during childhood are typical, comprising of a small mouth with full lips and micrognathia/retrognathia. The condition is rare affecting about one to nine individuals per million. Mutation in the genes of pre-replication complex involved in DNA-replication is detected in the majority of patients. This impedes the cellular proliferation resulting in a reduction of total cell number and thereby retardation of overall growth. This case report describe the typical dentofacial characteristics in a 5 years old child affected with Meier-Gorlin syndrome along with other associated anomalies and a multidisciplinary approach for their management.

When a face type is perceived as threatening: Using general recognition theory to understand biased categorization of Afrocentric faces.

Prior research indicates that stereotypical Black faces (e.g., wide nose, full lips: Afrocentric) are often associated with crime and violence. The current study investigated whether stereotypical faces may bias the interpretation of facial expression to seem threatening. Stimuli were prerated by face type (stereotypical, nonstereotypical) and expression (neutral, threatening). Later in a forced-choice task, different participants categorized face stimuli as stereotypical or not and threatening or not. Regardless of prerated expression, stereotypical faces were judged as more threatening than were nonstereotypical faces. These findings were supported using computational models based on general recognition theory (GRT), indicating that decision boundaries were more biased toward the threatening response for stereotypical faces than for nonstereotypical faces. GRT analysis also indicated that perception of face stereotypicality and emotional expression are dependent, both across categories and within individual categories. Higher perceived stereotypicality predicts higher perception of threat, and, conversely, higher ratings of threat predict higher perception of stereotypicality. Implications for racial face-type bias influencing perception and decision-making in a variety of social and professional contexts are discussed.

Anderson-Fabry disease.

Anderson-Fabry disease.

At a Dinner Party for White (Wo)men, and: “Mirror, Mirror: Mulatta Seeking Inner Negress”, and: Call Me “Mistress”

At a Dinner Party for White (Wo)men, and: “Mirror, Mirror: Mulatta Seeking Inner Negress”, and: Call Me “Mistress” Chet’la Sebree (bio) At a Dinner Party for White (Wo)men [T]he other plates are creatively imagined vaginas…The Sojourner Truth plate is the only one in the collection that shows—instead of a vagina—a face. —Alice Walker, in response to Judy Chicago’s 1970 exhibit The Dinner Party Everyone else is invited to meet their vaginas—different denominations and colors— except me, the magical negress. My boxalways absent because desire is not a privilege for disenfranchised womendescendent from slaves— we, still, their dark continent. They cannot imagine my yawning labiabecause I do not pink at their touch, cannot imagine me wet when I want to be,decidedly igniting follicles on my body. At best, undressed, I am invisible, neutered, neutral—a breast-faced mammy assuaging centuries of shame with archetypical depictions of tears and rage—a place at the table they refuse to learn to set. [End Page 15] “Mirror, Mirror: Mulatta Seeking Inner Negress” —after Alison Saar She taint white; she taint black—Alison Saar dreams in gold leaf and tar: black women with domesticity stacked on our backs,baggage bound to us by our braids. In cast iron and wool, in mountain and book,I am not mulatta seeking inner negress, but negress seeking validation for who I am— hued yellow-brown with thick thighs and wide hips,twice-educated with a tongue primed for lashings. Mirror, mirror, as I child I wished I were mixed,jealous of Sally’s descendants— a reason for their exclusion, confusion,an excuse for being partial to green-eyed glint. I was illiterate in Philly Ebonics; my cousins fluent.Told by them I talked white. Told by whites I acted right. They’d say nigger like a litmus testfor their Oreo theories, see if I’d flinch or become performance they thought fittingof my corkscrew curls and full lips. [End Page 16] Call Me “Mistress” Set your knees on concrete, lick my feet, and prepareto give me everything that’s not subversive—whitepicket fence and son, daughter, dog combo. No—make me a factory of tiny writhing tyrants, make mehomely, androgynous, exotic. Restructure my prayers—give my light to God. Tame the me who wantssex à la Négresse. Be who someone keepstelling you to be. Make me your manic pixie, make meyour [insert fantasy]. You are in control of this. This isyour worst nightmare. But you’re in luck. Time’s up.Jam the money between my teeth and leave. My name’snot “Mistress.” It’s Eve. It’s Sally. It’s ___________. [End Page 17] Chet’la Sebree Chet’la Sebree was the 2014–16 Stadler Fellow, and her work has appeared in Kenyon Review, Guernica, and Gulf Coast, among other publications. Copyright © 2018 Pleiades and Pleiades Press

Four-point injection technique for lip augmentation

Lip augmentation procedures with hyaluronic acid dermal fillers have become increasingly popular worldwide because full lips are often considered beautiful and youthful. The goal of a lip augmentation procedure is to create smooth lips with adequate volume and a natural appearance. Various techniques for lip augmentation have been utilized and described. In the four-point injection technique, the lips were divided equally into right side and left side. Four entry points were made above the vermilion border for the upper lip and below the vermilion border for the lower lip. The filler was administered with a fanning technique through each entry point. Between January 2017 and November 2017, 50 female patients underwent a nonsurgical lip augmentation procedure with injectable fillers using this technique. Forty-five patients (90%) reported that they were satisfied or extremely satisfied with their lip enhancement procedure. No serious complications were observed. The advantages of this technique are reducing the risk of complications like erythema, edema, and vascular injuries, and providing easy access to injection sites.

CHEILOSCOPY: A Study on Lip Print Patterns among the Gujarati Population

Cheiloscopy, the study of lip prints, is a tool in forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of individuals based on lips patterns. The objective of this study is to determine predominant lip print pattern found among the Gujarati population, to evaluate whether any sex difference exists and to study the permanence of the pattern over 6 months duration. The study comprised of 100 healthy individuals (50 males and 50 females), in the age group of 18–25 years of Gujarati population of the Gandhinagar region of the Gujarat state, India. By using Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification, Lip prints were then divided into four quadrants and also classified on the basis of peripheral shape of the lips. Materials used to record the lip prints were dark brown colored lipstick, cellophane tape and white bond paper. Lipstick was applied uniformly and Lip prints were taken on the glued portion of cellophane tape and then stuck on to a white bond paper. These lip prints were analyzed with magnifying lens and virtually with stereo microscope. On the analysis of the subject population, results showed Branched pattern Type II (29.57%) to be most predominant in the Gujarati population. Branched pattern Type II (35.60%) and long vertical Type I (28.28%) were most prevalent in males and females respectively and Large Full lips were most predominantly present in both the sexes.

Here Comes Arialia

Here Comes Arialia Alia Volz (bio) We were early birds, bad girls, schemers, druggies. Aria and I only attended high school as freshmen; after that, we were independent study kids. While Analy High’s class of ’96 amassed memories to chronicle in yearbooks, we skulked around our small California town, smoking weed and later meth, hitchhiking, getting fucked up with grown men. We skipped prom, school pictures, and graduation. So when Aria calls to talk me into our ten-year high school reunion, I assume she’s joking. Aria lives on the East Coast, whereas I’ve recently returned to San Francisco, an hour south of our former stomping grounds. Now she wants to fly cross-country for the reunion of a high school we barely attended. It’s absurd. But the promise of a visit from my old partner in crime is enough to get me interested. “You realize we’re not going to know anybody,” I say. “I know,” she laugh-screams. “That’s the whole fucking point.” [End Page 149] One morning in freshman homeroom, Mandy Chapman twisted around in her seat and whispered, “Dude, are you stoned? Your eyes are so red.” She was a pretty tomboy with uncanny social ease, the kind of girl who could casually penetrate any clique. I wasn’t stoned, just suffering hay fever, but I lied and said yes. Back then I was the friendless wonder. Chubby, freckled, and frizzy-haired. Neither a drama geek, nor a science geek, nor a math geek, but a generalized dork: someone who always wore outdated styles, suffered snot-producing allergies, discovered deodorant late in puberty, and blurted the right answer too often in class. I would’ve been every teacher’s pet had teachers not found me irritating. “I’m calling you ‘Stoney’ from now on,” Mandy said. “That’s totally your handle.” It was the first nickname I’d ever been given that wasn’t cruel. “Hey, Stoney,” Mandy said, later that week. “I have to introduce you to Aria. You guys are like twins.” My heart bounded, both because Mandy thought I was worth introducing to someone, and because, as an only child and social pariah, the idea of twinship was foreign and dreamy. Aria was all angles: dramatic cheekbones, pointed chin, jaunty walk. She wore an asymmetrical bob, short in back, with blond tips that sliced across her jawline. There was no fat on her body. Her full lips wore a permanent sneer. “What’s up, Alia?” Aria said. “That’s an even bigger hippie name than mine.” Mandy flashed a Cheshire grin. “There you go, dudes. Thank me later.” Alia and Aria. Aria and Alia. We were both products of broken hippie families, both too bright to be happy. We lived on the same street, a meandering pastoral stretch so nowhere they actually named it Blank Road. Our single moms both sold weed to pay rent. Pot had supported my family since before my birth. I grew up [End Page 150] knowing that if I ever blabbed about “the biz,” my parents would go to prison and I’d become a ward of the state. So I resisted the urge to bring a bud the size of my forearm for kindergarten Show and Tell. In elementary school, I recited the D.A.R.E to Keep Kids off Drugs commandments with crossed fingers tucked into the sleeves of my sweatshirt. After my parents divorced when I was nine, I went mum during sessions with a child therapist. When people asked what my mom did for a living, I said she was an artist—a true statement, just incomplete. With Aria, there was no need to lie. Before long, we were not only smoking pot together, but also with each other’s moms. It felt natural, like I had found my long-lost sister. She’d been out there all along, living a parallel life. Our shared language grew so thick with inside jokes that even other teens couldn’t follow the thread. Kids at school mashed our names together: Here comes Arialia. In the weeks leading up to the reunion, Aria forwards me emails from the organizer, a girl...

Teen aesthetic surgery may eliminate bullying

The media has a large influence on what constitutes modern day beauty, as it suggests to susceptible young girls and boys what makes someone beautiful. The term “beautiful” is portrayed as curvy, thin, tall, with voluptuous hair, big eyes, large breasts, round buttocks, and full lips. Very few people in society naturally appear like this, and thus many people undergo cosmetic surgery for this desired look. This article will examine the difference of opinions regarding the exact age to consider aesthetic plastic surgery. Adolescence is frequently bullied about any defect. The authors discuss some of these opinions and present three very unusual cases where early surgery has been beneficial.

Black Stereotypical Features

Negative biases associating Black men with criminality are most pronounced for a subgroup of men with Afrocentric features (e.g., a wide nose, full lips). Face-type bias occurs for men with these features because they are readily categorized as stereotypically Black and representative of the category Black male. This categorization in turn makes this subgroup more likely to be associated with the criminal-Black-male stereotype than are men with non-stereotypical Black features. In this review, we discuss what features engender the stereotypical Black face, the association between stereotypical features and assumed criminality, and when this bias may lead to negative judgments and potential legal consequences.

Claiming Bruce Lee's Sex: Memoirs of the Wholesome Wife, Memories of the Salubrious Mistress

Claiming Bruce Lee's SexMemoirs of the Wholesome Wife, Memories of the Salubrious Mistress Celine Parreñas Shimizu (bio) The book cover of Bruce Lee: The Man Only I Knew (1975) features him bare-chested on the right with big, black, bushy hair topping a dark handsome face, lips pursed together and eyes intent with confident purpose. Bruce Lee, a man known for his small, slight stature and perilous strength, appears large as he leans into the frame, extending his fist toward us. We can clearly see the rippling texture of his torso and chiseled, muscled arms. The flexing of his body reveals adherence to a disciplined physical regimen and affirms his reputation of brute strength made famous by his one-inch punch. Below his medium-shot image and to the left, a very large close-up of the book's author Linda Lee's dewy and blushing face appears. She has a short, blonde, no-nonsense hairdo, coral lipstick on full half-smiling lips, and blue eye-shadowed lids; her long lashes emphasize the wideness of her eyes as she looks up at her husband's figure with adoration. The foregrounding of her image as a wholesome white woman is juxtaposed against his iconic visage as the most celebrated Asian male in global popular culture. His smaller image renders the book's premise in visual terms: we will hear about him through her intimate perspective from inside a celebrated interracial marriage. From the title of the book and its byline, "By his wife Linda Lee," the marital connection between writer and subject appears as its central conceit. The dedication to their children, "that they might know the rich legacy which is theirs alone," shows how the book's author takes specific ownership of Bruce Lee. This possession further extends with the subtitle: "the man only I knew." Published two years after his death at the age of thirty-two, Linda Lee's book promises to reveal the man behind the star as a husband and father devoted to domesticity. To envelop Bruce Lee in the domesticity of family counters the descriptions of him as hypermasculine but asexual. That is, Bruce Lee's sexuality is understood as macho in narcissistic, nationalist, and ascetic terms by scholars and critics.1 So Linda Lee's claiming for her husband the role of American hero, in [End Page 92] terms of an upright and proper heteronormative and hegemonic manhood, certainly contrasts with the legacy of the Oriental coolie and Fu Manchu as outlined well in the work of Robert G. Lee. Rendering Bruce Lee as the ideal husband provides a different sexuality for Asian men, whose subjectivities are usually anxious, insecure, and disprized in US representations of marital and romantic capital. In terms of Asian North American men lacking masculine virility and sexual power in representation, scholars Jachinson W. Chan, David Eng, Richard Fung, Hoang Tan Nguyen, Mimi Thi Nguyen, Viet Nguyen, and Eng Beng Lim have called for feminist and queer readings of Asian manhoods so as not to fall into the trap of romanticizing Asian masculinity.2 Indeed, what is so striking in Bruce Lee's appeal and what is so understudied in his image is his sexuality, which Linda Lee definitively binds within the normative bounds of heterosexuality, marriage and fatherhood. This wifely and motherly claim is significant because of Bruce Lee's purported mistress, the Hong Kong B-movie star Betty Ting Pei, who stars as herself in a controversial film about his life. Released just three years after his death, the film Bruce Lee and I (1976) is a fictionalized account of its subtitle: "His Last Days, His Last Nights."3 The film, directed by Mar Lo, famously includes explicit sex scenes and bacchanalian drug consumption of both pills and pot, in the narrative context of an all-consuming, frenzied, and torrid love affair. The Chinese theatrical poster for the film, released in the United States in 1979 as I Love You, Bruce Lee, features a full-figured Bruce Lee kicking his leg high as his upper body bends down almost horizontally. In contradistinction, to the right of this powerful pose, another image shows him relaxed. Bare...

Objective studies of the face of Noonan, Cardio-facio-cutaneous, and Costello syndromes: A comparison of three disorders of the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway.

Noonan, Cardio-facio-cutaneous, and Costello syndromes are disorders of the Ras/MAPK pathway that share many clinical features. This observational and anthropometric study was conducted to describe the key facial features of each syndrome in order to improve discrimination between the three conditions, particularly in young children where diagnosis is most challenging. Direct measurement of the head and face was used to enhance diagnostic accuracy, and identify the most unusual or specific dimensions. The Noonan syndrome cohort included 123 individuals, aged 6 months to 41 years. There were 20 children and adolescents with Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, and 28 individuals with Costello syndrome, aged 1-32 years. The facial phenotypes of these syndromes, particularly Noonan syndrome, are well-described but objective data have not been published in peer-reviewed literature. In this study, subjective observations, in the main, were validated by anthropometry with one exception. In individuals with Costello syndrome, mouth width was normal, thus the impression of wide mouth is likely due to full lips or the mouth being viewed in relation to a narrow lower face. When the three conditions were compared objectively, syndrome-specific pattern profiles showed high concordance in early life. At older ages, Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome was distinguished by increased width of the mid/lower face, and reduced growth of maxillary and mandibular dimensions was noted in both Noonan and Costello syndromes. Despite substantial similarities in face shape in older individuals with these two conditions, bulbous nasal tip, full lips, and an apparently wide mouth in those with Costello Syndrome facilitate discrimination from Noonan syndrome. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.