Full Light Research Articles

Axial length and pharmacologic pupillary dilation in highly myopic patients.

To determine how high myopia impacts pharmacological pupillary dilation, and to evaluate the relationship between the extent of pharmacologic pupillary dilation and axial length. Patients were grouped into high myopes, defined as one or both eyes having a refractive error greater than - 6 diopters, and controls (between - 2 and + 2 diopters). Dilation was achieved with 1 drop each of tropicamide 1% and phenylephrine 2.5%. Pupil size was measured at full and dim light prior to dilation, then 15 and 30min after dilation. Biometry was measured for each patient. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests, two-sample Welch's t-tests, and linear mixed effect models and generalized estimating equations models accounting for inter-eye correlation. Forty patients (20 high myopes and 20 controls, 80 eyes total) participated in the study. High myopes had larger pupils at baseline and achieved significantly greater pupillary size (7.08mm, 95% CI: 6.97 to 7.19mm) than controls (6.23mm, 95% CI: 5.94 to 6.52mm) after 30min of dilation (P < .0005). Fully dilated pupil size at 30min was significantly correlated with both refractive error (r = - 0.57, P < .0005) and axial length (r = 0.47, P < .0005). Generalized estimating equations and linear mixed effect models identified other predictive variables of pupil size after dilation including age and white-to-white diameter. Highly myopic patients dilate to a larger pupillary size compared to other patients. Predicting dilation based on extent of myopia could facilitate intraocular surgery planning and reduce clinic wait times for myopic patients.

Constructing a Titanium Silicon Molecular Sieve-Based Z-Scheme Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity.

Titanium silicon molecular sieve (TS-1) is an oxidation catalyst that possesses a long lifetime of charge transfer excited state, high Ti utilization efficiency, large specific surface area, and good adsorption property; therefore, TS-1 acts as a Ti-based photocatalyst candidate. In this work, TS-1 coupled Bi2MoO6 (TS-1/BMO) photocatalysts were fabricated via a facile hydrothermal route. Interestingly, the optimized TS-1/BMO-1.0 catalyst exhibited a decent photodegradation property toward tetracycline hydrochloride (85.49% in 120 min) under the irradiation of full spectrum light, which were 4.38 and 1.76 times compared to TS-1 and BMO, respectively. The enhanced photodegradation property of the TS-1/BMO-1.0 catalyst could be attributed to the reinforced light-harvesting capacity of the photocatalyst, high charge mobility, and suitable band structure for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation. In addition, the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by the TS-1/BMO-1.0 catalyst was reasonably proposed based on the band structure, trapping, and ESR tests. This research provided feasible ideas for the design and construction of high-efficiency photocatalysts for contaminant degradation.

MoonShine: A software‐hardware system for simulating moonlight ground illuminance and re‐creating artificial moonlight cycles in a laboratory environment

Abstract Moonlight exerts profound ecological, behavioural and physiological effects on animals. However, lunar cycles are characterised by complex changes in the illuminance and timing of illumination, making it challenging to re‐create and manipulate moonlight cycles in the laboratory using artificial lights. As a result, ecological experiments on the effects of moonlight cycles are uncommon, and existing studies often oversimplify the re‐creation of moonlight. This limitation extends to experimental studies of the effects of light pollution on nocturnal animals, which often fail to adequately represent natural nocturnal light. To address the lack of open‐source solutions for re‐creating and manipulating moonlight cycles, we developed the software‐hardware system MoonShine. This has two components: (1) MoonShineR, an R package with additional R scripts, which predicts moonlight ground illuminance (in lux) at defined intervals, for a specified location and time range; (2) MoonShineP, a Python program running on a Raspberry Pi computer, which uses the illuminance values from MoonShineR to gradually dim and brighten a diffused array of individually addressable LEDs, allowing realistic natural light regimes to be re‐created in a laboratory environment. MoonShine includes multiple features to re‐create and manipulate light cycles. It supports colour‐shifting of the LED light (by adjustment of RGBW intensity ratios) to approximate the spectrum of natural moonlight, and to mimic habitat‐specific conditions or certain types of light pollution. We tested the accuracy of MoonShineR's moonlight illuminance predictions by comparison to field radiometer measurements at equatorial and temperate latitude sites. We demonstrated the accuracy of MoonShineP's moonlight re‐creation, by comparing its measured LED illuminances to the intended values and its measured LED spectrum against natural moonlight. MoonShine allows researchers to re‐create a range of natural nocturnal lighting scenarios in the laboratory. It can be used to re‐create full natural moonlight cycles with a relatively realistic spectral composition, generate manipulated moonlight schedules, or simulate light pollution. Furthermore, the moonlight illuminance predicted by MoonShineR is useful for field ecologists who require moonlight as a quantitative model predictor. Finally, to provide laboratory‐housed animals with full diurnal light cycles, MoonShine allows researchers to re‐create natural twilight and sunlight regimes.

A Case Study of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Under Agrivoltaic System and Modelling Simulation

Agrivoltaic systems (AVs) combine agricultural activities with the electricity production from photovoltaic (PV) panels constructed on the same area of land. Goetzberger and Zastrow[1] (1982) introduced the concept of AV but only more recently the increased environmental concerns and the economic and political frameworks have stimulated a growing interest in this technology. A critical issue, hampering the development of AVs, is the selection and cultivation of species adapted to the micrometeorological conditions generated by AV. This study reports on physiological, morphological and yield data of a soybean crop grown under AV. In addition, field data were compared with results from a simulation carried out with the modelling platform developed by Amaducci et al., 2018. Morphological and physiological and yield response of tomato and potato under Agrivoltaico® system parameters influenced by growth under AV were height, LAI and SLA, which were higher under AV than in normal “full light” (FL) conditions. Number of pods per plant decreased by 13% under AV compared to FL conditions while mean grain yield was reduced by 8%, only in one AV area was observed a slightly increase (+4.4%) in grain yield. The results on RMSE revealed that the model error was higher in two AV conditions compared to the other 3 treatments.

Topology and Control Optimization of Bidirectional DC/DC Converter for Electric Vehicles

With the rapid development of intelligent electric vehicles, the number of electrical equipment increases, and the interconnection and energy transmission between on-board DC buses has become urgent. This paper proposes a partial isolated bidirectional converter based on dual active bridge converter. By partial switch sharing, the converter has a simplified structure and can supply energy to DC loads of different voltage levels. The system adopts a hybrid control strategy of pulse width modulation and triple phase shift modulation, and introduces a fundamental phase shift to reduce coupling between variables. The operation process is analyzed, and the models of transmitted power, current stress and soft-switching range under two typical operation modes, corresponding to the full load and light load, are established respectively. Under wide gain and different power distribution conditions, the multi-objective optimization is realized. Finally, the correctness of theoretical analysis is verified by experiments.

Charge compensator adjusts the luminescence intensity of ZnWO4: Sm3+ full spectrum phosphors: A bifunctional phosphors for plant growth lights and FIR thermometers

Full spectrum white LED plant growth light sources are suitable for use in conditions requiring a high color rendering index. In addition to red and blue light, green light was shown to have a positive impact on plant growth in earlier studies. In this work, a series of Sm3+ doped ZnWO4 phosphors was prepared using the high-temperature solid-state reaction method. Li+ serves as a charge compensator to reduce lattice defects caused by non-equivalent isomorphism. XRD measurements and Rietveld refinement were used to investigate the phase composition and structural properties of the samples. The luminescent properties of the samples were tested using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The Li + introduction can significantly improve the energy transfer from the matrix to Sm3+ and the luminescence intensity of Sm3+. In addition, this phenomenon was explained with non-equivalent isomorphism and the charge density difference diagram. The LED lamp was prepared using ZnWO4: 0.004Sm3+, 0.004Li + phosphor and LED chip. The emitted full spectrum light can match well with the absorption spectrum of plant pigments. The color rendering index of the LED lamp is greater than 91. And the comparative experiment of plant cultivation shows that the prepared LED plant lamp has good effects. The dependence of luminescence properties of ZnWO4: 0.004Sm3+, 0.004Li+ phosphor on temperature was determined. Based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technology, the maximum SaMAX and SrMAX are 52 % K−1 at 453 K and 9.31 % K−1 at 303 K, respectively. As the temperature increases, the chromaticity shift (Δs) value is 0.254. The benefits of the ZnWO4: 0.004Sm3+, 0.004Li+ phosphor are the straightforward synthesis process, low cost, pure phase, full spectrum, high color rendering index, tunable red-to-blue ratio, and temperature monitoring function. Therefore, this phosphor is an ideal material in plant growth and optical temperature measurement.

Breaking Through the Luminescence Stability Bottleneck of Oxyfluoride Phosphor for Sun‐Like Led Lighting

AbstractSunlight like optical source is the primary objective of healthy lighting. In contrast, achieving full spectrum lighting with high stability remains challenging, mostly due to the scarcity of purple chip‐pumped cyan‐green phosphors and their inherent emission instability. In this study, a novel strategy is presented that realizes simultaneous enhancements in both humidity stability (increased by 2.9 times) and luminescence quantum efficiency (enhanced by 1.5 times) for cyan‐emitting Sr3AlO4F:Ce3+ phosphor by employing Si/N doping. Theoretical modelling shows that these improvements are attributed to the regulation of energy bands and structural rigidity as well as modulation of the ionicity of chemical bonds. Furthermore, blending the other violet chip‐pumped phosphors, sun‐like LEDs that accurately replicate solar spectra in different times of the day with an optimal color rendering index of 99 is successfully engineered. Moreover, the universality of this strategy on other oxyfluoride phosphors has also been validated. This groundbreaking outcome offers a practical solution to overcome the inherent luminescence stability limitations in oxyfluoride phosphors, thus catalyzing the application of these cyan‐green candidates in sun‐like LED lighting.

Effect of light intensity on celery growth and flavonoid synthesis.

Light is one of the important environmental factors affecting the growth and development of facility vegetables. In this experiment, we investigated the effects of different light intensities on the growth, nutritional quality and flavonoid accumulation of celery under hydroponic and full LED light conditions. Four light intensities of 40, 100, 200, or 300 µmol·m-2·s-1 were set up in the experiment, and three harvest periods were set up on the basis of different light intensities, which were 15, 30, and 45 d after treatment (labeled as S1, S2, and S3, respectively). The results showed that the plant height and aboveground biomass of celery increased with the increase of light intensity, and the light intensity of 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 was beneficial to increase the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, total phenols, vitamin C, cellulose, total flavones and apigenin in celery. During the S1-S3 period, the activities of PAL, CHS, CHI and ANS increased gradually under 200 and 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 light intensity treatments, and the activities of FNS and CHS enzymes were the highest under 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 light intensity treatment. The expression and ANS activity of Ag3GT, a key gene for anthocyanin synthesis, reached the maximum value at 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, and the expression level and FNS activity of AgFNS, a key gene for apigenin synthesis, reached a maximum value at 200 μmol·m-2·s-1. In general, the anthocyanin content was the highest at 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, and the apigenin content was the highest at 200 μmol·m-2·s-1. In conclusion, light intensity of 200 µmol·m-2·s-1 treatment was more favorable for celery growth and nutrient synthesis.

0D/2D Bi2WO6:Yb3+,Tm3+/Bi12O17Cl2 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst with enhanced full spectrum light activity by upconversion luminescence

To effectively utilize near-infrared light in the solar spectrum, expanding the spectral response range of photocatalysts is one of the main issues at present. Herein, a novel 0D/2D Bi2WO6:Yb3+, Tm3+/Bi12O17Cl2 S-scheme heterostructure with full spectral response is successfully synthesized through a hydrothermal method. The optimized Bi2WO6:Yb3+,Tm3+/Bi12O17Cl2 (1:1) photocatalyst degraded 68.2% and 59.1% of methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) at 980 nm NIR light irradiation for 240 min, and the degradation of MB and RhB was 96.1% and 92.3% under visible light irradiation for 40 min, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to these synergistic effects including the unique 0D/2D contact interface, the expanded photoresponse range, enhanced upconversion luminescence, as well as efficient energy transfer process between Yb3+/Tm3+ and Bi2WO6. Based on characterization and photocatalytic experiments, the introduction of Bi2WO6:Yb3+, Tm3+ can construct S-scheme heterojunctions with Bi12O17Cl2 and produce a full-spectrum response to sunlight. The result, the Bi2WO6:Yb3+, Tm3+/Bi12O17Cl2 photocatalysts possessed effective charge distribution and migration and maintained the excellent redox capacity of semiconductor materials. The hydroxyl radicals (·OH), superoxide radicals (·O2), and holes (h+) as active species played crucial roles in the degradation process. This work describes a potential method to construct S-scheme photocatalyst with great upconversion activity that possesses full spectral response for water pollution control.

Galaxies decomposition with spiral arms – II. A multiwavelength case study of M 51

ABSTRACT Spiral structure can contribute significantly to a galaxy’s luminosity. However, only rarely are proper photometric models of spiral arms used in decompositions. As we show in the previous work, including the spirals as a separate component in a photometric model of a galaxy would both allow to obtain their structural parameters, and reduce the systematic errors in estimating the parameters of other components. Doing so in different wavebands, one can explore how their properties vary with the wavelength. In this paper, second in this series, we perform decomposition of M 51 in 17 bands, from the far-ultraviolet (UV) to far-infrared, using imaging from the DustPedia project. We use the same 2D photometric model of spiral structure where each arm is modelled independently. The complex and asymmetric spiral structure in M 51 is reproduced relatively well with our model. We analyse the differences between models with and without spiral arms, and investigate how the fit parameters change with wavelength. In particular, we find that the spiral arms demonstrate the largest width in the optical, whereas their contribution to the galaxy luminosity is most significant in the UV. The disc central intensity drops by a factor of 1.25–3 and its exponential scale changes by 5–10 per cent when spiral arms are included, depending on wavelength. Taking into account the full light distribution across the arms, we do not observe the signs of a long-lived density wave in the spiral pattern of M 51 as a whole.

The University of West Florida Campus Ecosystem Study: effects of forest vegetation on light availability and soil processes.

College and university campuses with a notable arboreal component provide unique opportunities for carrying out ecological research. The University of West Florida Campus Ecosystem Study (UWF CES) was established in 2019 as interconnected research to take advantage of the extensive arborescent nature of the UWF campus, particularly concerning longleaf pine (Pinus palustris). One of these investigations established permanent plots in forested sites of two contrasting types, one dominated by longleaf pine ("pine site") and the other dominated by hardwoods ('hardwood site'). This study used these plots to examine the influence of forest vegetation on light availability and soil processes. Light was measured as photosynthetically active radiation (and expressed as photon flux density-PFD) with a handheld meter in each plot. Soil was sampled to 5 cm in each plot; texture was measured with the hydrometer method. Identical sampling methods were carried out in a persistent canopy opening to assess light and soil conditions under maximum solar radiation. Mean PFD was ~4× higher in pine stands than in hardwood stands; PFD was 12.8 and 3.5% of full light in the pine and hardwood stands, respectively. All soils were dominated by coarse-textured sands, but silt was significantly higher in pine stand soil and higher still in the canopy opening. Among forest stand plots, sand was negatively related to PFD, whereas clay was positively related to PFD. Across the three sites, silt was positively related to PFD. These relationships are consistent with the importance of solar radiation as one of many drivers of soil weathering.

Copper-decorated strategy based on defect-rich NH2-MIL-125(Ti) boosts efficient photocatalytic degradation of methyl mercaptan under sunlight

Photocatalysis has received significant attention as a technology that can solve environmental problems. Metal-organic frameworks are currently being used as novel photocatalysts but are still limited by the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers, low photogenerated electron migration efficiency and poor solar light utilization rate. In this work, a novel photocatalyst was successfully constructed by introducing Cu species into thermal activated mixed-ligand NH2-MIL-125 (Ti) via defect engineering strategy. The constructed defect structure not only provided 3D-interconnected gas transfer channels, but also offered suitable space to accommodate introduced Cu species. For the most effective photocatalyst 0.2Cu/80%NH2-MIL-125 (300 °C) with optimized Cu content, the photocatalytic degradation rate of CH3SH achieved 4.65 times higher than that of pristine NH2-MIL-125 under visible light (λ > 420 nm). At the same time, it showed great degradation efficiency under natural sunlight, 100 ppm CH3SH was completely removed within 25 min in full solar light illumination. The improved catalytic efficiency is mainly due to the synergistic effect of the integrated Schottky junction and rich-defective NH2-MIL-125, which improved the bandgap and band position, and thus facilitated the separation and transfer of the photo-generated carriers. This work provided a facile way to integrate Schottky junctions and rich-defective MOFs with high stability. Due to its excellent degradation performance under sunlight, it also offered a prospective strategy for rational design of high-efficiency catalysts applied in environmental technologies.

Nitrogen Fixation and Yield of Common Bean Varieties in Response to Shade and Inoculation of Common Bean

Light is not only a primary energy source, but it is also one of the environmental factors that affect plant growth and development. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is commonly produced in association with maize as subordinate intercrops in the Sidama region. Under such a production system, the shade effect may limit the photosynthetic and nitrogen-fixing capacity of common beans. The objective of the current study was to assess how inoculation and shade affect the ability to fix nitrogen and yield components of common beans. Three common bean varieties (Hawassa dume, Nassir, and Ibbado), two shade levels (open and 25% shade) as well as two levels of inoculation (uninoculated and inoculated) were used for these purposes. The experiment was set up in factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) in four replications. In this experiment, Rhizobium inoculation and shade significantly (p &lt; 0.05) affected the number of pods plant-1 and the number of seeds pod-1. The inoculated treatment produced the maximum number of pods plant-1 (14.02) and the lowest number of pods plant-1 (10.95) was obtained from uninoculated treatments. The results also showed that the inoculated Hawassa dume variety from the open treatments derived the maximum percentage of N from N2 fixation, whereas the non-inoculated Ibbado variety from the 25% shade treatments derived the lowest percentage of N. Common bean grown on full light had significantly greater N content than shade.

Design and optimization of a full band fiber optic light source

In this paper, we study and select the optical fiber materials, and fluorotellurite was finally chosen as the substrate material and co-doped with appropriate amounts of praseodymium ions (Pr3+) and erbium ions (Er3+), to achieve full-bandwidth luminescence of praseodymium and erbium co-doped fluorotellurite glasses pumped by a laser with a wavelength of 488 nm in the range of 1300 nm to 1680 nm, which includes all optical bands from O- to L-bands. In addition, the optical fiber amplifier’s working principle is described in terms of the four- and three-energy level systems for praseodymium and erbium ions, respectively, and the rate and power propagation equations in the steady state are established to analyze the influences of the fiber length, the doping concentration, and the pump power on the fiber-optic amplifier gain, which are optimized using a simulated annealing algorithm. A novel amplifier design strategy is presented in this work for the creation of full-band communication systems in order to satisfy the demands of upcoming high-speed, high-bandwidth data transmission requirements.

The effect of photoperiodism on nutritional potency of Euglena sp. Indonesian strains

Introduction: Biomass microalgae functional materials, such as drugs and food supplements, have recently received much attention. Euglena sp. is a particularly appealing microalgae because of its simplicity of culture and capacity to produce a wide range of bioactive compounds. Moreover, it is one of the few microorganisms that produces carbohydrate, lipid, protein, ß-1,3-glucans, antioxidants, phytotoxins, wax esters, and polyunsaturated fatty acids that can be used to make nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. However, the potential utilisation of Euglena sp. for production of food supplements has been exploited only on a limited basis. Methods: This study was modified by adding protocatechuic acid and photoperiodism for 12:12; 14:10; 16:8; and full dark to affect the metabolite content of Euglena sp. Results: Results showed that the photoperiod had significant effect on lipid, chlorophyll-a, and carotenoid levels in the control treatment, with the highest levels as follows: 0.52±0.03 g/L, 1.20±0.01 x10-2 g/L, 0.30±0.02 x10-2 g/L; while the others were not significantly affected by the treatment, with the highest protein content at full dark 3.10±0.2 x10-2 g/L; chlorophyll-b at photoperiod 14:10 0.70±0.03 x10-2 g/L; paramylon at photoperiod 12:12 1.90±0.02 x10-1 g/L. The highest carbohydrates were found in control, with a level of 1.20±0.02 g/L. Conclusion: Photoperiodism is recommended to enhance productivity of protein, paramylon, and chlorophyll-b, while full light is recommended to enhance carbohydrate, lipid, chlorophyll-a, and carotenoid production in Euglena sp. to improve the quality of food nutrition.

Improved Period Variations of 32 Contact Binaries with Rapidly Decreasing Periods in the Galactic Bulge

We present detailed analyses of updated eclipse timing diagrams for 32 contact binary merger candidates in the Galactic bulge. The photometric data was obtained from 2016 to 2021 using the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network with the 1.6 m telescopes located at three southern sites (CTIO, SAAO, and SSO). The times of minimum lights were determined by applying the binary-star model to full light curves created at half-year intervals from the observations. The orbital period variations of the binary systems were analyzed using the O − C diagrams from our new timings with the others published in the literature, which are based on the OGLE observations from 2001 to 2015. As results, the orbital periods and period-decreasing rates of 32 binary systems were located to be in the ranges of 0.370 to 1.238 days and from −3.0 to −13.1 × 10−6 day yr−1, respectively. Out of these stars, 24 systems show a combination effect of a parabola and a light travel time caused by a third body, and their outer orbital periods are in the range of 9.1–26.5 yr. We propose that all of our merger candidates need additional monitoring observations to study a luminous-red nova progenitor.

Splatanie kontekstów – nauka i masowy festiwal uliczny. Doświadczenia z projektu „Prezentacja nauki to sztuka”

Our intention is to describe and analyse the experience gathered during the work on the project 'Presenting science is art. Popularising the results of social research at the Night of Culture festival in Lublin'. One of its aims was to provide practical knowledge about the challenges that accompany the popularisation of science, especially the outcomes of social research. The text deals with two aspects: the experience coming from popularisation activities at a mass, outdoor event such as Night of Culture in Lublin, and the experience of working on the project with the invited experts. As it turned out, the project brought about many unforeseen situations and twists and turns, which revealed the flaws in our ideas concerning the popularisation of scientific knowledge. The article begins with an outline of the project – the underlying assumptions, target groups and outcomes. We then describe the difficulties we faced as a project team. We were aware of some of them from the beginning, others emerged during the work, and some only came to full light during the Night of Culture. In the last part of the article, we attempt at answering two fundamental questions – what was successful in the project and what should have been done differently?

Pyrrole-Doped Polydopamine-Pyrrole (PDA-nPY) Nanoparticles with Tunable Size and Improved NIR Absorption for Photothermal Therapy.

Polydopamine (PDA) as a melanin-like biomimetic material with excellent biocompatibility, full spectrum light absorption capacity and antioxidation property has been extensively applied in the biomedical field. Based on the high reactivity of dopamine (DA), exploiting new strategies to fabricate novel PDA-based nano-biomaterials with controllable size and improved performance is valuable and desirable. Herein, we reported a facile way to synthesize pyrrole-doped polydopamine-pyrrole nanoparticles (PDA-nPY NPs) with tunable size and enhanced near-infrared (NIR) absorption capacity through self-oxidative polymerization of DA with PY in an alkaline ethanol/H2O/NH4OH solution. The PDA-nPY NPs maintain excellent biocompatibility and surface reactivity as PDA. By regulating the volume of added PY, PDA-150PY NPs with a smaller size (<100 nm) and four-fold higher absorption intensity at 808 nm than that of PDA can be successfully fabricated. In vitro and in vivo experiments effectively further demonstrate that PDA-150PY NPs can effectively inhibit tumor growth and completely thermally ablate a tumor. It is believed that these PY doped PDA-nPY NPs can be a potential photothermal (PT) agent in biomedical application.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals growth and molecular pathway of body color regulation in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) exposed to different light spectrum

Fish body color changes play vital roles in adapting to ecological light environment and influencing market value. However, the initial mechanisms governing the changes remain unknown. Here, we scrutinized the impact of light spectrum on turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) body coloration, exposing them to red, blue, and full light spectra from embryo to 90 days post hatch. Transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses were employed to elucidate underlying biological processes. The results showed that red light induced dimorphism in turbot juvenile skin pigmentation: some exhibited black coloration (Red_Black_Surface, R_B_S), while others displayed lighter skin (Red_White_Bottom, R_W_B), with red light leading to reduced skin lightness (L*) and body weight, particularly in R_B_S group. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses showcased upregulated gene expressions related to melanin synthesis in R_B_S individuals, notably tyrosinase (tyr), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (tyrp1), and dopachrome tautomerase (dct), alongside solute carrier family 24 member 5 (slc24a5) and oculocutaneous albinism type II (oca2) as pivotal regulators. Nervous system emerged as a critical mediator in spectral environment-driven color regulation. N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor, and calcium signaling pathway emerged as pivotal links intertwining spectral conditions, neural signal transduction, and color regulation. The individual differences in NMDA glutamate receptor expression and subsequent neural excitability seemed responsible for dichromatic body coloration in red light-expose juveniles. This study provides new insights into the comprehending of fish adaptation to environment and methods for fish body color regulation and could potentially help enhance the economic benefit of fish farming industry.

Dynamical characteristics of AC-driven hybrid WSe2 monolayer/AlGaInP quantum wells light-emitting device

The exploration of functional light-emitting devices and numerous optoelectronic applications can be accomplished on an elegant platform provided by rapidly developing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). However, TMDCs-based light emitting devices encounter certain serious difficulties, such as high resistance losses from ohmic contacts or the need for complex heterostructures, which restricts the device applications. Despite the fact that AC-driven light emitting devices have developed ways to overcome these challenges, there is still a significant demand for multiple wavelength emission from a single device, which is necessary for full color light emitting devices. Here, we developed a dual-color AC-driven light-emitting device by integrating the WSe2 monolayer and AlGaInP–GaInP multiple quantum well (MQW) structures in the form of capacitor structure using AlOx insulating layer between the two emitters. In order to comprehend the characteristics of the hybrid device under various driving circumstances, we investigate the frequency-dependent EL intensity of the hybrid device using an equivalent RC circuit model. The time-resolved electroluminescence (TREL) characteristics of the hybrid device were analyzed in details to elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms governing its performance under varying applied frequencies. This dual-color hybrid light-emitting device enables the use of 2-D TMDC-based light emitters in a wider range of applications, including broad-band LEDs, quantum display systems, and chip-scale optoelectronic integrated systems.Graphical