Full Index Research Articles

Research on digital flow control model of urban rail transit under the situation of epidemic prevention and control

Purpose Beijing rail transit can actively control the density of rail transit passenger flow, ensure travel facilities and provide a safe and comfortable riding atmosphere for rail transit passengers during the epidemic. The purpose of this paper is to efficiently monitor the flow of rail passengers, the first method is to regulate the flow of passengers by means of a coordinated connection between the stations of the railway line; the second method is to objectively distribute the inbound traffic quotas between stations to achieve the aim of accurate and reasonable control according to the actual number of people entering the station. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes the rules of rail transit passenger flow and updates the passenger flow prediction model in time according to the characteristics of passenger flow during the epidemic to solve the above-mentioned problems. Big data system analysis restores and refines the time and space distribution of the finely expected passenger flow and the train service plan of each route. Get information on the passenger travel chain from arriving, boarding, transferring, getting off and leaving, as well as the full load rate of each train. Findings A series of digital flow control models, based on the time and space composition of passengers on trains with congested sections, has been designed and developed to scientifically calculate the number of passengers entering the station and provide an operational basis for operating companies to accurately control flow. Originality/value This study can analyze the section where the highest full load occurs, the composition of passengers in this section and when and where passengers board the train, based on the measured train full load rate data. Then, this paper combines the full load rate control index to perform reverse deduction to calculate the inbound volume time-sharing indicators of each station and redistribute the time-sharing indicators for each station according to the actual situation of the inbound volume of each line during the epidemic. Finally, form the specified full load rate index digital time-sharing passenger flow control scheme.

A Direct Carrier-Based Modulation Scheme With Full Index Range for DC-Link Current Ripple Mitigation of a Current Source Converter

This article presents a direct carrier-based modulation scheme to mitigate the dc-link current ripple for a current source converter (CSC). Excessive dc-link current ripple increases system losses, causes current distortion, and leads to more electromagnetic interference, so, it should be mitigated. Compared with increasing dc-link inductor or switching frequency, it is more attractive to mitigate dc-link current ripple with modulation schemes. However, existing modulation schemes suffer from either high dc-link current ripple or shrink of modulation index range. To address this issue, this article analyzes the mechanism of mitigating the dc-link current ripple and proposes a new modulation scheme for a CSC. By employing two kinds of non-nearest three vectors to synthesize the reference current, the proposed scheme successfully extends the index range from [ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sqrt 3 /3$</tex-math></inline-formula> , 1] to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[0, 1]</xref> . For easier implementation, its carrier-based modulation, which can automatically select the desired vectors and last predetermined dwell times, is also presented. Theoretical analyses show that the proposed scheme can mitigate the dc-link current ripple over the full index range for a CSC. The effectiveness of the proposed modulation scheme is verified experimentally with a CSC operating as a rectifier.

The Discriminatory Legalism Strategy and Hate Speech Cases in Poland. The Role of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Fighting Discrimination

&lt;p&gt;The regress of liberal democracy in the world has been progressing for years and the number of countries with the full democracy index is decreasing [Economist Intelligence Unit 2018, 2019; Freedom House 2018]. One of the serious threats to the rule of law and the human rights in modern democracy has become discriminatory legalism which is both strategy and weapon [Weyland 2013]. In order to weaken or marginalize the opposition and “rebellious” citizens, public authorities apply discriminatory legal instruments and democratic rules depending on who they are concerned with. Public authorities do this because of political views and use exclusion rhetoric, a language of hatred, stigmatizing all “strangers”, at last use hate speech on the Internet and beyond. The weaponization of hate speech is a convenient instrument for political struggle and the fight against inconvenient opponents. Hate speech is also used by far-right and nationalist organizations in the public sphere, which operate in an atmosphere of consent to their radical behaviour. Political hate speech plays an important role in the discriminatory legal strategy. Poland is included in the group of countries with flawed democracy (Article 7(1) TEU since 2017). The authorities introduced changes in law (which were defied as the “Frankensteinisation of legislation” by the Parliamentary Assembly of Council of Europe [PACE] in 2019), democratic institutions and the prosecution applies a discriminatory legalism strategy. This problem is highlighted by the current Commissioner for Human Rights which is an independent institution in the field of fighting hate speech (except a few independent media and NGOs informing about the hate speech phenomenon). Many of hate speech cases are discontinued or not taken up by the prosecution. The numbers of cases of hate speech and hate incidents are increasing but the Polish authorities use the underreporting mechanism. The Ombudsman warns that only 5% of cases are reported to the police. The language of hatred and contempt used by the authorities in Poland has become the weaponization in the fight against citizens as political opponents: LGBT+ community, refugees, political opponents, independent judges and others.&lt;/p&gt;

Prognostic Index for Predicting Prostate Cancer Survival in a Randomized Screening Trial: Development and Validation.

Simple SummaryA prognostic index for predicting survival of localized prostate cancer (PCa) up to 15 and 20 years was developed. The prognostic index performed well for predicting PCa survival among screened and non-screened men. The performance of the prediction model was superior to the European Association of Urology (EAU) risk groups as well as a modified cancer of prostate risk assessment (CAPRA) risk score. We further constructed a simplified risk score in an unscreened population, using the three most relevant predictors. The simplified risk score was applied to predict PCa survival at 10 years from diagnosis to provide more accurate risk estimation as the basis for decision making.We developed and validated a prognostic index to predict survival from prostate cancer (PCa) based on the Finnish randomized screening trial (FinRSPC). Men diagnosed with localized PCa (N = 7042) were included. European Association of Urology risk groups were defined. The follow-up was divided into three periods (0–3, 3–9 and 9–20 years) for development and two corresponding validation periods (3–6 and 9–15 years). A multivariable complementary log–log regression model was used to calculate the full prognostic index. Predicted cause-specific survival at 10 years from diagnosis was calculated for the control arm using a simplified risk score at diagnosis. The full prognostic index discriminates well men with PCa with different survival. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.83 for both the 3–6 year and 9–15 year validation periods. In the simplified risk score, patients with a low risk score at diagnosis had the most favorable survival, while the outcome was poorest for the patients with high risk scores. The prognostic index was able to distinguish well between men with higher and lower survival, and the simplified risk score can be used as a basis for decision making.

Efficacy of Probiotics as Adjunctive Therapy to Nonsurgical Treatment of Peri-Implant Mucositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Peri-implant mucositis (PiM) is an inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the dental implant and is the precursor of the destructive inflammatory peri-implantitis. PiM is usually reversible, but difficult to eradicate. Mechanical debridement (MD) is the conventional procedure to treat PiM although not enough to reach a complete resolution. Recently, probiotics have been considered in the treatment of peri-implant disease. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of the probiotic therapy combined with MD compared with MD alone or MD + placebo in patients with PiM. Methods: A search using electronic databases (MEDLINE, Science Direct databases, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and a manual search were performed up to November 2019 by two reviewers independently of each other. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing MD + probiotic vs. MD were included. The quality assessment for all the selected RCTs was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Probing depth reduction was selected as the primary outcome. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for continuous outcomes, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, using random effect models. This review was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42020213625). Results: Five eligible publications were included in this systematic review and four in the meta-analysis. As regards the implant, the WMD in the probing depth reduction between the test and control group was −0.12 mm [95% CI (−0.38, 0.14), p = 0.38], meaning that the adjunctive probiotic therapy was not improving PiM compared with MD alone or MD + placebo. The meta-analysis also showed no statistically significant results in the secondary outcomes (reduction of full mouth plaque index and full mouth bleeding on probing, absence of bleeding on probing at implant level, and changes in microorganism load and species). Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that the additional use of probiotics did not improve the efficacy of MD in PiM treatment regarding clinical and microbial outcomes, at least in a short-term.

Kreon

Persistent key-value stores have emerged as a main component in the data access path of modern data processing systems. However, they exhibit high CPU and I/O overhead. Nowadays, due to power limitations, it is important to reduce CPU overheads for data processing. In this article, we propose Kreon , a key-value store that targets servers with flash-based storage, where CPU overhead and I/O amplification are more significant bottlenecks compared to I/O randomness. We first observe that two significant sources of overhead in key-value stores are: (a) The use of compaction in Log-Structured Merge-Trees (LSM-Tree) that constantly perform merging and sorting of large data segments and (b) the use of an I/O cache to access devices, which incurs overhead even for data that reside in memory. To avoid these, Kreon performs data movement from level to level by using partial reorganization instead of full data reorganization via the use of a full index per-level. Kreon uses memory-mapped I/O via a custom kernel path to avoid a user-space cache. For a large dataset, Kreon reduces CPU cycles/op by up to 5.8×, reduces I/O amplification for inserts by up to 4.61×, and increases insert ops/s by up to 5.3×, compared to RocksDB.

THE EFFECT OF LOCAL AND SYSTEMIC FACTORS ON DENTAL IMPLANT FAILURE - ANALYSIS OF 670 PATIENTS WITH 1260 IMPLANTS.

SUMMARYThe etiopathogenesis of dental implant failure is multifactorial and may include numerous local and systemic factors, however, studies including both local and systemic factors are still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether periodontal disease, oral hygiene index, i.e. bleeding on probing (BOP), full mouth plaque index (FMPI), smoking, systemic diseases, as well as implant characteristics (length and diameter) affect failure of implant-prosthodontic therapy. Data on 670 patients were retrieved in whom 1260 dental implants had been placed and followed-up for at least five to ten years. Categorical data were analyzed by the χ2-test, whereas Mann-Whitney test was used for continuous variables (age, BOP and FMPI). The values of p<0.05 were considered significant. The effect of local and systemic factors on the success of implant-prosthodontic therapy was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Forty-five (6.7%) patients had systemic diseases, of which diabetes mellitus was most common, followed by atherosclerosis, diabetes and atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus type 1, lymphoma, and hepatitis C. One-third (33.4%) of the patients were smokers. Periodontal disease was present in 170 patients, while 500 patients were without periodontal disease. Nine implants were lost during the period of five years. There were no differences regarding the type of implant or type of connection to the prosthetic suprastructure. However, most of these patients had a periodontal disease. There were no significant differences in dental implant failure rates between smokers and non-smokers or between patients with and without systemic diseases. Furthermore, the results of this study showed that implant type (straight vs. tapered) and type of connection with prosthodontic appliance (cemented or screw retained) did not affect BOP and FMPI. In smokers, significant improvement of BOP and FMPI was noticed. Initially, smokers had a significantly worse BOP (0.0037) when compared to non-smokers; however, there were no differences regarding FMPI (p=0.4218) between the two groups. In patients with periodontal disease, improvement of BOP and FMPI was seen at 5-year follow-up and no significant differences were found when compared to patients without periodontal disease. There were no significant differences in BOP and FMPI between patients with and without diabetes at 5-year follow-up. Atherosclerosis had a significant negative effect on BOP, but not on FMPI at 5-year follow-up. It is concluded that periodontal disease had a significant impact on the implant-prosthodontic therapy.

Comparative analysis of the WISC-IV in a clinical setting: ADHD vs. non-ADHD

BackgroundThe Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV) is a useful tool for revealing differences in cognitive ability. Using the WISC-IV, the study investigated the intelligence profile of Turkish children diagnosed with ADHD and compared their profile with that of a non-ADHD clinical sample. MethodOn the basis of the records of 257 drug-naïve patients (6–12years of age), ADHD (n=154) and non-ADHD (n=103) clinical groups were compared with respect to sociodemographic variables and WISC-IV scores. ResultsThe non-ADHD clinical group had higher full scale, index, and subtest scores, except for their scores in the Comprehension subtest. The scores on Working Memory, Processing Speed Indices, Similarities, and Matrix Reasoning subtests were especially lower in the ADHD group than in the non-ADHD group. The Similarities, Matrix Reasoning, and Digit Span subtests classified 83% of the children as having ADHD and identified 43.7% of the non-ADHD clinical controls. ConclusionIn our study, we found differences in the WISC-IV profiles of the Turkish patients with ADHD. Moreover, the WISC-IV profile of the non-ADHD clinical group was different than that of the ADHD group. More prospective studies with larger groups of ADHD patients and further evaluations of executive function deficits can help clinicians better understand the differences in WISC-IV profiles.

Crude oil market and Nigerian stocks: An asymmetric information spillover approach

AbstractThis article examines the nature of information spillovers, in return and volatility, that exists between the full index stock of the Nigerian stock exchange (NSE) and the crude oil markets (Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil markets). We adopted the asymmetric VAR − MGARCH − GJR − BEKK model and found evidence of unidirectional return spillover from the Brent oil market to the NSE and a bidirectional return spillover between the NSE market and the WTI oil market. The response of the WTI market to a shock on the NSE market is rather short‐lived. There exists strong evidence of a lead–lag relationship between the crude oil market and the NSE market wherein the crude oil market leads or drives the NSE market return fluctuations. For both crude oil markets, the Brent and the WTI markets, there exists a bidirectional volatility spillover between the NSE index and the crude oil markets, as well as significant asymmetric shocks. Practical policy implications and recommendations were made, based on the findings.

Anxiety Sensitivity Prospectively Predicts Increased Acute Posttraumatic Stress and Related Symptoms After Sexual Assault.

Anxiety sensitivity is a potential risk factor for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and has been hypothesized to contribute to PTSS development. However, few prospective studies have evaluated whether anxiety sensitivity predicts PTSS. In a subsample of 48 women sexual assault survivors enrolled as part of a larger prospective observational study, elevated anxiety sensitivity measured via a brief assessment 1 week after experiencing a sexual assault was concurrently associated with PTSS at 1 week and prospectively predicted PTSS 6 weeks after the event, with small-to-medium effect sizes, η2 p = .10, even after covarying for trauma history. Heightened anxiety sensitivity at 1-week postevent also interacted with time to predict anxiety and depression both before and after sexual assault, with medium-to-large effect sizes, ηp 2 = .21- .24. This is consistent with research linking anxiety sensitivity to PTSS, but this was the first prospective study of which we are aware to demonstrate that anxiety sensitivity in the acute posttrauma period predicts PTSS among women who have recently experienced sexual assault. Future research should use the full Anxiety Sensitivity Index to replicate findings in a larger sample and explore whether targeting anxiety sensitivity could mitigate the development of PTSS in this vulnerable population.

Bioclimatic conditions of the Lower Silesia region (South-West Poland) from 1966 to 2017

This work analyses the temporal and spatial characteristics of bioclimatic conditions in the Lower Silesia region. The daily time values (12UTC) of meteorological variables in the period 1966–2017 from seven synoptic stations of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) (Jelenia Góra, Kłodzko, Legnica, Leszno, Wrocław, Opole, Śnieżka) were used as the basic data to assess the thermal stress index UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index). The UTCI can be interpreted by ten different thermal classes, representing the bulk of these bioclimatic conditions. Stochastic autoregressive moving-average modelling (ARMA) was used for the statistical analysis and modelling of the UTCI as well as separately for all meteorological components. This made it possible to test differences in predicting UTCI as a full index or reconstructing it from single meteorological variables. The results show an annual and seasonal variability of UTCI for the Lower Silesia region. Strong significant spatial correlations in UTCI were also found in all stations of the region. “No thermal stress” is the most commonly occurring thermal class in this region (about 38%). Thermal conditions related to cold stress classes occurred more frequently (all cold classes at about 47%) than those of heat stress classes (all heat classes at about 15%). Over the available 52-year period, the occurrence of “extreme heat stress” conditions was not detected. Autoregressive analysis, although successful in predicting UTCI, was nonetheless unsuccessful in reconstructing the wind speed, which showed a persistent temporal correlation possibly due to its vectorial origin. We conclude thereby that reconstructing UTCI using linear autoregressive methods is more suitable when working directly on the UTCI as a whole rather than reconstructing it from single variables.

Improving DC-Link Capacitor Lifetime for Three-Level Photovoltaic Hybrid Active NPC Inverters in Full Modulation Index Range

This article presents a dc-link capacitor lifetime improvement method for three-level photovoltaic hybrid active neutral-point clamped inverters in full modulation index range. The capacitors are one of the components with vulnerable reliability in a power conversion system. The dc-link capacitor current ripples lead to temperature rise and wear-out failure of the capacitors. The accumulated thermo-mechanical damages from the temperature rise reduce the capacitor lifetime and reliability of the system. The proposed modulation method suppresses effectively the dc-link capacitor current ripple to improve the capacitor lifetime. In this article, the proposed method is discussed via a comparison with conventional space-vector pulsewidth modulation in full modulation index range. The modulation index range is divided into two regions, namely medium-vector modulation and hybrid modulation region. The capacitor lifetime is evaluated by the capacitor lifetime model according to the modulation methods and modulation regions. The effectiveness of the proposed modulation method is verified through simulation and experimental results.

Intellectual changes after radiation for children with brain tumors: which brain structures are most important?

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of radiation dose to different intracranial structures on changes in intellectual function for children with brain tumors. We evaluated children with brain tumors treated in 2005-2017 who had longitudinal neuropsychological assessments and available photon dosimetric data (if radiation therapy [RT] given). Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) and index scores were evaluated (perceptual reasoning index [PRI], processing speed index [PSI], verbal comprehension index [VCI], and working memory index [WMI]). Multivariable linear mixed effects models were used to model endpoints, with age at RT and dose to different brain regions as fixed effects and patient-specific random intercepts. P-values (P*) were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Sixty-nine patients were included, 56 of whom received RT. Median neuropsychological follow-up was 3.2 years. Right temporal lobe mean dose was strongly associated with decline in FSIQ (P* = 0.005); with each gray increase in mean dose, there was a decrease of 0.052 FSIQ points per year. Dose to 50% (D50) of the supratentorial brain was associated with decline in PSI (P* = 0.006) and WMI (P* = 0.001). Right and left hippocampus D50 were individually strongly associated with declines in VCI (P* = 0.009 for each). Presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt decreased FSIQ by 10 points. We reported associations between dosimetry to specific brain regions and intellectual outcomes, with suggested avoidance structures during RT planning. These models can help clinicians anticipate changes in neurocognition post-RT and guide selection of an optimal RT plan.

Topical Application of Chlorhexidine Gel with Brush-On Technique in the Tailored Treatment of Plaque Induced Gingivitis

Aim: This study aimed to assess the action of a chlorhexidine-based brush-on gel application in the treatment of plaque-related gingivitis. Methods: The enrollment involved consecutive patients diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis. Each participant’s full mouth plaque score and gingival index were recorded at the first appointment (t0) and at follow ups after 1 week (t1), 2 weeks (t2) and 3 weeks (t4). All patients were randomly sorted into two groups: A study group, who was given instruction to brush their gums daily with a chlorhexidine gel, and a control group who received a placebo gel. The two groups’ data at baseline were compared using a chi-square test, while the t-Student and Mann–Whitney tests were employed to analyze the index’s trends, both separately and compared. Results: In total, 30 patients were enrolled, 15 referring to the study group and 15 to the control group. The study group had an 87% decrease in their plaque score and an 84% decrease in their gingival index (p &lt; 0.05). The control group displayed a reduction in plaque score and gingival index of 74% and 84%, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). The plaque score decreased statistically more significantly in the study group than in the control group. Conclusion: Topical employment of a chlorhexidine-containing brush-on gel appears to be a useful home tool in the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis, associated with professional debridement.

Foster children’s cognitive functioning: A follow-up comparison study at 8 years of age

Foster children are at risk for developmental challenges in several domains, such as cognitive functioning. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate cognitive functioning at age 8 years among 39 foster children (FC) compared to 36 children in a non-foster comparison group (NFC). Furthermore, to investigate possible predictors of early functioning on FC’s functioning at age 8 years, in addition to possible different developmental trajectories within and between the two groups. Results revealed that FC performed below the mean on all WISC-IV index scores as well as Full Scale Intelligent Quotient and General Ability Index, and their performances were significantly below those of the NFC. Although most Mullen scores at 2 and 3 years of age predicted functioning at age 8 years, receptive language at age 3 and Mullen Early Learning Composite at 2 as well as 3 years of age best predicted functioning at age 8 years. Finally, the foster children showed a small catch-up in cognitive functioning over the 6-years-period. The results add to previous research on foster children’s struggle with cognitive functioning and the longitudinal design highlights the need of early intervention to optimize foster children’s functioning in the long run.

An Implementation Of A Repository For Healthcare Insurance Using MongoDB

The explosive growth of unstructured data in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Nigeria has given rise to the lack of an appropriate data storage mechanism to house data in the Scheme. This paper x-rayed these data storage challenges with a view to implementing a storage mechanism that can handled large volume and different formats of data in the Scheme. The NHIS is currently using the paper-based, file and cabinet data storage system with some of the data stored in the form of PDF, Excel and image files on the computer system. This has led to serious challenges ranging from the loss of data, lack of appropriate data storage facilities to accommodate the data to the delay in the administration of quality care to beneficiaries of the Scheme. Also, the diversity of data with the ever-growing datasets which is also generated at very high rate has also constituted a major challenge for NHIS. This research therefore developed a computer-based data storage system using MongoDB which has full index support, replication, high availability and auto-sharding. The design was done with Enterprise Application Diagrams and implemented using Java Programming Language, MapReduce Framework and MongoDB. The study shows that there are inequities in the delivery of services within the NHIS in Nigeria due to lack of proper storage medium. This is responsible for the ineffectiveness and inefficiency of healthcare services received through the Scheme. In conclusion, this research has provided the stakeholders with access to information more easily, which will enable them to plan, evaluate, and collaborate more effectively.&#x0D; Keywords: Big Data, NHIS, Storage, MongoDB, Data, Analytics.

Numerical simulations on strong coupling of Bloch surface waves and excitons in dielectric-semiconductor multilayers

Simulations on Bloch surface waves and Bloch surface wave–exciton–polaritons based on the transfer matrix method were performed using only the layer thicknesses and refractive indices of the materials. We demonstrate that the incorporation of the influence of active layer is necessary to accurately determine the Bloch surface wave dispersion. Furthermore, the mode splitting that gives rise to the lower and upper polariton branches can be simulated by including the full dispersive refractive index of the active layer in the transfer matrix calculation. We show the dependence of coupling strength on active layer and truncation layer thicknesses, which implies that the Bloch surface wave–exciton interaction strength can be tuned just by changing these structural parameters. Furthermore, we calculate the area inside the dips corresponding to the lower and upper polariton modes, which can serve as an indicator of mode visibility. We find that in the Kretschmann–Raether configuration, a tradeoff between high Rabi splitting and good mode visibility must be taken into account in designing multilayer structures for Bloch surface wave–exciton–polaritons. Angle-resolved reflectivity maps were also calculated to illustrate how these results can be observed in an experimental set-up. This work serves as a guide map in the design and potential optimization of multilayer structures for the study of two-dimensional polaritonic systems.

3-VERTEX FULL BALANCE INDEX SET OF GRAPHS

Let G beagraphwithvertexset V (G) andedgeset X(G). Consider the set A = {0,1,2}. A labeling f : V (G) → A induces a partial edge labeling f∗ : X(G) → A defined by f∗(xy) = f(x), if and only if f(x) = f(y), for each edge xy ∈ X(G). For i ∈ A, let vf(i) = |{v ∈ V (G) : f(v) = i}| and ef∗(i) = |{e ∈ X(G) : f∗(e) = i}|. Alabelingf ofagraphGissaidtobe3-vertexfriendly if|vf(i)−vf(j)|≤ 1, for all i ∈{0,1,2}. The 3-vertex full balance index set of a graph G is denoted by FBI3v(G) and is defined as{ef∗(i)−ef∗(j),for i,j = 0,1,2 : f∗ runs over all 3-vertex friendly labeling f of G}. In paper, we study 3vertex full balance index set and 3-vertex balance index set of some families of graph.

Using an Inverted Index Synopsis for Query Latency and Performance Prediction

Predicting the query latency by a search engine has important benefits, for instance, in allowing the search engine to adjust its configuration to address long-running queries without unnecessarily sacrificing its effectiveness. However, for the dynamic pruning techniques that underlie many commercial search engines, achieving accurate predictions of query latencies is difficult. We propose the use of index synopses—which are stochastic samples of the full index—for attaining accurate timing predictions. Indeed, we experiment using the TREC ClueWeb09 collection, and a large set of real user queries, and find that using small index synopses it is possible to very accurately estimate properties of the larger index, including sizes of posting list unions and intersections. Thereafter, we demonstrate that index synopses facilitate two key use cases: first, for query efficiency prediction, we show that predicting the query latencies on the full index and classifying long-running queries can be accurately achieved using index synopses; second, for query performance prediction, we show that the effectiveness of queries can be estimated more accurately using a synopsis index post-retrieval predictor than a pre-retrieval predictor. Overall, our experiments demonstrate the value of such a stochastic sample of a larger index at predicting the properties of the larger index.

Optimal Neutral-Point Voltage Balancing Algorithm for Three-Phase Three-Level Converters With Hybrid Zero-Sequence Signal Injection and Virtual Zero-Level Modulation

This article presents an optimal carrier-based voltage balancing scheme for three-phase three-level converters. The proposed scheme utilizes two available degrees of freedom, i.e., zero-sequence signal injection and virtual zero-level modulation (VZM), to eliminate the low-frequency neutral-point voltage oscillation. It is universally effective over the full power factor and modulation index range and easy to implement in digital controllers. The hybrid algorithm combines the merits of both approaches, which offers the optimal performance regarding controllability, switching device power losses, and output harmonics. The main drawbacks of VZM, i.e., the increased switching loss and high-frequency harmonics due to additional switching transitions, have been minimized in the proposed scheme. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through simulation and experiment.