Full Identity Research Articles

Forensic facial examiners versus super-recognizers: Evaluating behavior beyond accuracy.

We evaluated the detailed, behavioral properties of face matching performance in two specialist groups: forensic facial examiners and super-recognizers. Both groups compare faces to determine identity with high accuracy and outperform the general population. Typically, facial examiners are highly trained; super-recognizers rely on natural ability. We found distinct behaviors between these two groups. Examiners used the full 7-point identity judgment scale (-3: "different"; +3: "same"). Super-recognizers' judgments clustered toward highly confident decisions. Examiners' judgments for same- and different-identities were symmetric across the scale midpoint (0); super-recognizers' judgments were not. Examiners showed higher identity judgment agreement than super-recognizers. Despite these qualitative differences, both groups showed insight into their own accuracy: more confident people and those who rated the task to be easier tended to be more accurate. Altogether, we show to better understand and interpret judgments according to the nature of someone's facial expertise, evaluations should assess more than accuracy.

Comparative genomics of the plant-growth promoting bacterium Sphingobium sp. strain AEW4 isolated from the rhizosphere of the beachgrass Ammophila breviligulata

BackgroundThe genus Sphingobium within the class Alpha-proteobacteria contains a small number of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), although it is mostly comprised of organisms that play an important role in biodegradation and bioremediation in sediments and sandy soils. A Sphingobium sp. isolate was obtained from the rhizosphere of the beachgrass Ammophila breviligulata with a variety of plant growth-promoting properties and designated as Sphingobium sp. strain AEW4.ResultsAnalysis of the 16S rRNA gene as well as full genome nucleotide and amino acid identities revealed that this isolate is most similar to Sphingobium xenophagum and Sphingobium hydrophobicum. Comparative genomics analyses indicate that the genome of strain AEW4 contains unique features that explain its relationship with a plant host as a PGPR, including pathways involved in monosaccharide utilization, fermentation pathways, iron sequestration, and resistance to osmotic stress. Many of these unique features are not broadly distributed across the genus. In addition, pathways involved in the metabolism of salicylate and catechol, phenyl acetate degradation, and DNA repair were also identified in this organism but not in most closely related organisms.ConclusionThe genome of Sphingobium sp. strain AEW4 contains a number of distinctive features that are crucial to explain its role as a plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium, and comparative genomics analyses support its classification as a relevant Sphingobium strain involved in plant growth promotion of beachgrass and other plants.

Sex Workers: Citizenship Status and Identity, Civic Deficits, and Exiting

Sex workers have a lesser citizen status, yet the relationship between sex work and citizenship status has rarely been explicitly considered within extant research. In contrast, this article will critique England and Wales’s sex work legal and policy discourses and frameworks from the perspective of the moral, material, structural, and operational components of citizenship (Lockwood,1996). The operation of citizenship has led to the creation of policy and law (such as the Sexual Offences Act 2003) which has assigned sex workers to a “negatively privileged” group prevented from accessing a full citizenship identity (Lockwood, 1996, 538). Sex workers experience civic deficits (stigmatised, power, and fiscal) and inferior resource allocation, as their access to social citizenship rights are curtailed on moral and material grounds. Despite claims by policy and lawmakers to support and protect this group, the article proposes that the structure and operation of citizenship interplays with victim and criminal discourses to further marginalise sex workers. This is evidenced in the article by the example of exiting programmes, which reconfigure and reinforce the exclusion of sex workers while claiming to provide a supportive route out of the profession.

Theory after Practice

Theory after Practice

The names and naming of gannets comprising the genus Morus (family Sulidae)

The gannet species found in the northern hemisphere can be fully identified as the Northern Gannet Morus bassanus in the family Sulidae. This full identity reveals four historical themes which intertwine to produce a number of historical and current names for both the Northern Gannet and the Cape Gannet Morus capensis. These four themes are (1) the ‘goose’ theme, which traces the word ‘goose’ back to its Sanskrit origin hainsas, and which over centuries has spawned linguistically related words like gander, gannet and the erstwhile Latin family name Anseridae; (2) the ‘sula’ theme, which traces the echoes of the Old Norse word súla ‘gannet’, giving a number of names for the Northern Gannet in various European languages, as well as the family name Sulidae; (3) the Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth in Scotland, associated with the Northern Gannet for centuries and responsible for the specific epithet bassanus; and (4) notions of various seabirds being foolish or silly, leading to the generic name Morus, and various names for seabirds such as the current Afrikaans malgas (Cape Gannet) and the historical mallemuck, and variants for various species of albatross. In this diachronic review of these four themes, a special look is taken of names for the Cape Gannet as recorded in the ships’ logs of early mariners rounding and landing at the Cape in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Here Portuguese names like Mangas de Veludo (‘velvet sleeves’) are also recorded. The article concludes by looking at echoes of these four themes in the names of the Australasian Gannet Morus serrator.

Recombinant Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal Recent Interspecific Hybridization between Invasive Salangid Fishes.

The interspecific recombination of the mitochondrial (mt) genome, if not an experimental artifact, may result from interbreeding of species with broken reproductive barriers, which, in turn, is a frequent consequence of human activities including species translocations, habitat modifications, and climate change. This issue, however, has not been addressed for Protosalanx chinensis and other commercially important and, simultaneously, invasive salangid fishes that were the product of successful aquaculture in China. To assess the probability of interspecific hybridization, we analyzed the patterns of diversity and recombination in the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of these fishes using the GenBank resources. A sliding window analysis revealed a non-uniform distribution of the intraspecific differences in P. chinensis with four highly pronounced peaks of divergence centered at the COI, ND4L-ND4, and ND5 genes, and also at the control region. The corresponding divergent regions in P. chinensis show a high sequence similarity (99–100%) to the related salangid fishes, Neosalanx tangkahkeii and N. anderssoni. This observation suggests that the divergent regions of P. chinensis may represent a recombinant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) containing mt genome fragments belonging to different salangid species. Indeed, four, highly significant (pairwise homoplasy index test, P < 0.00001) signals of recombination have been revealed at coordinates closely corresponding to the divergent regions. The recombinant fragments are, however, not fixed, and different mt genomes of P. chinensis are mosaic, containing different numbers of recombinant events. These facts, along with the high similarity or full identity of the recombinant fragments between the donor and the recipient sequences, indicate a recent interspecific hybridization between P. chinensis and two Neosalanx species. Alternative hypotheses, including taxonomical misidentifications, sequence misalignments, DNA contamination, and/or artificial PCR recombinants, are not supported by the data. The recombinant fragments revealed in our study represent diagnostic genetic markers for the identification and distinguishing of hybrids, which can be used to control the invasive dynamics of hybrid salangid fishes.

Long-term culture-expanded alveolar macrophages restore their full epigenetic identity after transfer in vivo.

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are lung tissue-resident macrophages that can be expanded in culture, but it is unknown to what extent culture affects their in vivo identity. Here we show that mouse long-term ex vivo expanded AMs (exAMs) maintained a core AM gene expression program, but showed culture adaptations related to adhesion, metabolism and proliferation. Upon transplantation into the lung, exAMs reacquired full transcriptional and epigenetic AM identity, even after several months in culture and could self-maintain long-term in the alveolar niche. Changes in open chromatin regions observed in culture were fully reversible in transplanted exAMs and resulted in a gene expression profile indistinguishable from resident AMs. Our results indicate that long-term proliferation of AMs in culture did not compromise cellular identity in vivo. The robustness of exAM identity provides new opportunities for mechanistic analysis and highlights the therapeutic potential of exAMs.

Heterogeneity of quiescent and active neural stem cells in the postnatal brain.

In the postnatal mammalian brain, neurogenic activity is retained in anatomically restricted areas, driven by pools of Neural Stem Cells (NSCs). These cells and their progeny have been studied intensively as potential targets for regenerative treatments, aiming at either their in situ manipulation or their use as sources of cells for transplantation-based strategies. Although their full identity, heterogeneity and differentiation potential remain elusive, due to the absence of specific cell-type markers, our knowledge of their properties is constantly expanding. Here, we focus on the NSC niche that is located at the Subependymal Zone (SEZ/ also known as Subventricular Zone) of the lateral ventricles of the brain. We review, summarize and explain the different faces of the NSC, as they have been described, using a wide range of experimental approaches, over a time-frame of three decades: the primitive, definitive, quiescent or activated NSC. We also review the growing evidence of the existence of latent NSCs outside of niches, in the brain parenchyma, that constitute promising new therapeutic targets, complemented by the novel technologies of in vivo cell reprogramming.

Biological Control of Tithonia spp. (Asteraceae) in South Africa: Challenges and Possibilities

Biological control programmes against the asteraceous weeds Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F. Blake and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray were initiated in South Africa in 2007, and that against Tithonia tubaeformis (Jacq.) Cass in 2017, following its discovery in Mpumalanga Province (MP). Permission to release two leaf-feeding beetles, Zygogramma signatipennis Stål and Zygogramma piceicollis Stål (Chrysomelidae) against T. rotundifolia was granted in 2014, while permission to release a defoliating tortoise beetle, Physonota maculiventris Stål, against T. diversifolia was granted in 2018. The two Zygogramma spp. were released in Gauteng (GP), KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), Limpopo (LP), and MP provinces from 2014 to 2019. Zygogramma signatipennis established at only a few sites in MP, where it persisted for up to four years and later collapsed. Zygogramma piceicollis initially established in GP and perished a year later. Physonota maculiventris was released in KZN, LP and MP, and has overwintered at 50% of the release sites. Investigations to explain the demise of both Zygogramma spp. and determine ways to improve their release and establishment are underway. Host-specificity testing of a stem-boring weevil, Lixus fimbriolatus Boheman (Curculionidae), a candidate agent for T. rotundifolia, was successfully completed. An application for permission to release the weevil will be submitted to the regulatory authorities in due course. Additional host-specificity testing of agents for T. diversifolia has prioritised a leaf-mining moth, Melanocinclis sp. (Cosmopterigidae) for further assessment, while a leaf-feeding plume moth, Hellinsia sp. (Pterophoridae), and a stem-boring moth, Suleima skinnerana (Heinrich) (Tortricidae), were rejected. Investigations to determine the full identity, origin and host range of a leaf-sucking lace bug (Hemiptera: Tingidae), discovered on T. diversifolia in KZN, LP and MP, are underway. Surveys in climate-matched regions of the Central American native range of the target Tithonia spp. are imperative to identify natural enemies that may be more adaptable to persist across the plants' distribution in South Africa.

Right now. For tomorrow: Launching a purpose-driven sustainability brand

Although corporate sustainability campaigns are common, rarely do brands begin with ecological concerns, rooting their identity in a pre-existing commitment to protecting our planet. ENGIE, a multinational energy and services company, sets such a project in motion in 2019, establishing a one-of-its-kind company that combined existing data and execution capabilities with consulting and analytics in order to facilitate a quicker transition to a carbon-neutral economy. Translating this driving purpose into a full brand positioning, messaging, company name, visual identity, website and launch strategy, the resulting brand, ENGIE Impact, quickly established the business as a thought leader and trusted partner in a new and vital space. As such, a comprehensive ENGIE Impact case study provides marketers and strategists with a blueprint for launching purpose-driven business-to-business (B2B) brands.

Assessment of Awareness of Health Rights among patients Coming to OPD of Services Hospital, Lahore

Background: Patients’ rights are the basic human rights and essential part of modern healthcare practice. The interaction between the patients and doctors is governed by the rights of the patients. Thus every patient has the right to be informed about their health rights. Aim: To assess the patients’ awareness of their rights in outdoor patients of Services Hospital, Lahore according to Patients’ rights charter (PRC) by Punjab Healthcare Commission. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done. The research sample of 200 outdoor patients was specified. Data was collected by interviewing the patients and questionnaire according to patients’ rights charter by Punjab Healthcare Commission was filled. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. For quantitative variable mean and standard deviation was calculated and for qualitative variables Chi-square test was applied. Results: Out of 200 patients, 173(86.50%) patients were not aware of the Patients’ rights charter. Media was the major source of awareness of patients’ rights for 111(55.50%) patients. Maximum awareness was about the right to be treated with empathy, respect and nobility irrespective of any discrimination, 188(94%) were aware of this right. While the least awareness was about the right to be made full aware of full identity and professional status of healthcare provider, only 106(53%) were aware about this right. A statistically significant relation (P≤0.05) was found between awareness of patients and their gender, educational status, occupation and average income/month. Conclusion: Overall awareness of patients of their rights was unsatisfactory. Patients should be educated about their basic health rights and how they must be treated in hospitals. Keywords: Patients’ rights, Punjab Healthcare Commission Charter.

Placental secretome characterization identifies candidates for pregnancy complications

Alterations in maternal physiological adaptation during pregnancy lead to complications, including abnormal birthweight and gestational diabetes. Maternal adaptations are driven by placental hormones, although the full identity of these is lacking. This study unbiasedly characterized the secretory output of mouse placental endocrine cells and examined whether these data could identify placental hormones important for determining pregnancy outcome in humans. Secretome and cell peptidome analyses were performed on cultured primary trophoblast and fluorescence-activated sorted endocrine trophoblasts from mice and a placental secretome map was generated. Proteins secreted from the placenta were detectable in the circulation of mice and showed a higher relative abundance in pregnancy. Bioinformatic analyses showed that placental secretome proteins are involved in metabolic, immune and growth modulation, are largely expressed by human placenta and several are dysregulated in pregnancy complications. Moreover, proof-of-concept studies found that secreted placental proteins (sFLT1/MIF and ANGPT2/MIF ratios) were increased in women prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Thus, placental secretome analysis could lead to the identification of new placental biomarkers of pregnancy complications.

An FORMAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN ENABLEMENT

Universally, there is concern for women enablement and United Nations Educational Science and Cultural Organisational (UNESCO) cites Zimbabwe as having 17% of the adult population being illiterate with two thirds being women (Kadada, 2014). Despite efforts by the government of Zimbabwe through formal education and other key players such as Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) in ensuring women enablement, women have not been fully integrated into many development spheres. As alluded by Pietila, and Vickers, (1996), that the subordinate position of women limits their ability to effectively indulge in development activities and women in Chirumanzu district are no exception. They continue to be seen as a missing link in being effective stakeholders in development processes. A notable pattern inherently evident on the ground is that few women are socially, politically, and economically active in development programmes. Hence the need to advocate for women enablement through formal education. According to Pietila, and Vickers, (1996), “empowerment is an active, multidimensional process which enables women to realize their full identity and power in all spheres of life”. Women in Chirumanzu district need to be enabled enough to know their rights, to have access to knowledge and resources, greater autonomy in decision making, greater ability to plan their lives, greater control over the circumstances that influence their lives and finally to be free from customs, beliefs that are barriers to their enablement. In light of the above, this study therefore endeavours to assess how formal education has assisted women in Chirumanzu district to be enabled.&#x0D;

A Questão do “Insílio” em Mulheres de Cinza: o Monolinguismo e a Monoidentidade do Outro

Focaliza-se o romance moçambicano como terreno propício para a representação do insílio, isto é, o exílio interno no âmbito da língua portuguesa, e paralelamente, dos processos de identificação cultural, a partir da representação máxima da personagem Imani, tradutora do português na comunidade local. Com base na leitura da obra O monolinguismo do outro ou a prótese de origem, de Derrida procura-se analisar a língua do colonizador enquanto instância surgida no intervalo do jogo entre a presença e a ausência, problematizando-a como o fora, isto é, “a língua que não é minha”, mas advinda do outro. À medida que escapa da total apreensão, esta língua traz consigo a promessa de transbordamento. Nessa linha de raciocínio, reafirma-se, de igual modo, a impossibilidade de uma identidade plena, pronta e acabada, demonstrando-se a configuração de identidades em constante deslocamento.

A (IM)POSSIBILIDADE DA EDUCAÇÃO INTEGRAL

Neste artigo, as contribuições de aportes pós-estruturais e pós-fundacionais são mobilizadas para sustentar a (im)possibilidade de uma Educação Integral (EI). De uma perspectiva discursiva de interpretação dos fenômenos sociais, a EI é entendida como um nome que se hegemoniza, passando a representar uma promessa de plenitude-por-vir humana e social. O nome Educação Integral é assumido, a partir da Teoria do Discurso de Ernesto Laclau, como um significante saturado de significados em disputas incessantes para fixar uma identidade plena e idealizada. Um processo em que lógicas ou narrativas fantasmáticas prometem a ‘salvação’ humana e uma plenitude-por-vir. Como material empírico, foram selecionadas quatro experiências de EI: Centro Educacional Carneiro Ribeiro (CECR), Centro Integrado de Educação Pública (CIEP), Centro de Atenção Integral à Criança (CAIC) e o Programa Mais Educação (PME), assumidas como políticas curriculares, a partir das quais são interpretados sentidos dessas lógicas articulados e negociados nos textos políticos.

Of Fairy Tales: The Reparative Fantasy in Christina Rossetti’s “Goblin Market”

With the heated debate on the utility of the humanities as a context, this paper reads Rossetti’s “Goblin Market” as an attempt to reconcile the emerging functional attitude towards the humanities and the susceptibility of the humanities to the neo-liberal condition. This paper traces connections between the “reparative” or the “post-critical” turn and fairy tales or fantasies in order to argue that Christina Rossetti’s much debated poem, “Goblin Market,” could be framed in a fantastic framework that substantiates a reparative orientation that is “additive and accretive” (Sedgwick, Touching Feeling 149). A stubborn insistence on the hermeneutics of suspicion has informed much of the readings of the “Goblin Market,” especially the haunted market, as “kinda subversive, kinda hegemonic” (Sedgwick, Queer Performativity 15). I aim to provide a different approach given that recent scholarship on “Goblin Market” ignores the possibility of reparation. In this paper, I attempt to withhold suspicion in order to hone caring eyes to uncritical materials that are often deemed untenable to politicized life. I reparatively read the female participation in the market that resuscitates a full female identity and the “muted” ending that is often subjected to paranoid readings. Locating “Goblin Market” in a fantastic framework, I argue, helps us to see the actual world and it helps us visualize a fantastic world that brings out an ethical efflorescence that entertains human experience in its plenitude. This essay also argues that “Goblin Market,” partakes in “a new wave of innovative fairy tales” (Zipes 98) that gained ascendancy in the latter half of the nineteenth century and this serves as an affective archive to document long marginalized figures and feelings. I also argue that Rosetti’s poem invites thoughts on how aesthetic devices sustain and reproduce selves that ripple off from real-life experiences in a fantastic interruption of spatiality and temporality.

Engaging young people in the co-design of a brand and online platform for a public health organization

This article explores how co-design was used to engage young people in the design of a new brand identity and online platform for the Auckland District Health Board’s Peer Sexuality Support Programme (PSSP). Unlike conventional branding practices that do not generally engage users as co-creators in the early discovery stages of the design process, in this research young people were brought into the design process as informants and co-designers. This drove both brand strategy and touchpoint design, positioning the brand to be better accepted by the young people involved in the programme. A series of discovery and evaluation co-design workshops, with a diverse range of PSSP youth leaders, offered game-like interactive activities and the opportunity for open discussions. Engaging young people in fun and meaningful ways helped them uncover and share insights that could only be possible by directly involving them in the design process. The outputs of this co-designed brand – FRANK – incorporated a full visual identity and a proposal for an online platform. The final brand design elicited strong positive responses from PSSP youth leaders, highlighting the importance of involving young people in the design of products and services that address issues affecting them.

바울, 그의 반대자들, 그리고 그들의 박해자들 - 갈라디아서 5:11; 6:12-13을 중심으로

This study, through Galatians 5:11 and 6:12-13, aims to examine Paul before and after the conversion, Paul’s opponents in Galatia and the persecutors of whom the opponents were afraid, and to reconstruct their interrelationships. Before the conversion, Paul had supported strict Judaism as a zealot, but after the conversion, Paul was being persecuted by those zealot Jews following strict Judaism. Paul’s opponents, as Jewish Christians, encouraged the Gentiles of the Galatian Church to be circumcised in order to win favor over Jews who persecuted them. And their persecutors were those in the diaspora Jews of Galatia who were affected by Jerusalem’s nomistic campaign and the persecution of Jews communicating with the Gentiles. Based on this analysis, this study argues that: Paul insists, to the Jewish Christians forcing circumcision of the Gentiles in order to avoid persecution of the Diaspora Jews in Galatia on the lines of the strict Jewishness, that even if the opponents make the Gentiles full of Jews, they cannot prove their full Jewish identity.

Computational systematic selectivity of the Fasalog inhibitors between ROCK-I and ROCK-II kinase isoforms in Alzheimer’s disease

Human Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase (ROCK) is a class of essential neurokinases that consists of two structurally conserved isoforms ROCK-I and ROCK-II; they have been revealed to play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurological disorders. Selective targeting of the two kinase isoforms with small-molecule inhibitors is a great challenge due to the surprisingly high homology in kinase domain (92 %) and the full identity in kinase active site (100 %). Here, we describe a computational protocol to systematically profile the selectivity of Fasudil and its 25 analogs (termed as Fasalogs) between the two kinase isoforms. It is suggested that the substitution of Fasudil’s 1,4-diazepane moiety with rigid ring such as Ripasudil and Dimehtylfasudil would render the resulting inhibitors of ROCK-II over ROCK-I (II-o-I) selectivity, while the substitution with long, flexible group such as H-89 and BDBM92607 tends to have I-o-II selectivity. Structural analysis reveals that the inhibitor affinity is not only determined by the identical active site, but also contributed from the non-identical first and second shells of the site as well as other non-conserved kinase regions, which can indirectly influence the active site and inhibitor binding through allosteric effect. A further kinase assay basically confirms the computational findings, which also exhibits a good consistence with theoretical selectivity over 10 tested samples (Rp = 0.89). In particular, the Fasalog compounds Dimehtylfasudil and H-89 are identified as II-o-I and I-o-II selective inhibitors. They can be considered as promising lead molecular entities to develop new specific ROCK isoform-selective Fasalog inhibitors.

After Study Abroad: The Maintenance of Multilingual Identity Among Anglophone Languages Graduates

AbstractFor L2 learners from English‐dominant societies, study abroad (SA) is an especially significant opportunity for linguistic, sociocultural, and personal development. Less is known about the durability of these SA‐related developments, once Anglophone language specialists complete their home studies and then progress to graduate careers. This article reports a study of 33 specialist languages graduates from a UK university, 3 years postgraduation, who had previously participated in a longitudinal study tracking their linguistic, social, and personal development through a 2‐semester stay abroad. The follow‐up study gathered further data on maintenance, development, or attrition of their principal SA‐related second language (L2); on social and professional uses of L2 and other languages; and on attitudes and beliefs relating to language identity. Personal biographies and career pathways were documented through questionnaires and interviews. This article provides insights into the career entry and related ongoing development of linguistic identity among Anglophone languages graduates, including the ongoing impact of SA‐related influences. Implications are briefly drawn for management of the SA experience and post‐SA education, so as to support participants’ ambitions for interculturality and a full multilingual identity.