Full Fill Research Articles

Agriculture Equipment Rental and Product Selling System

Farmers are facing lot of problems, They will cultivate crops and other agricultural products (fruits, flowers, vegetables),They want to sell their products according to the market price but lack of knowledge they will sell their huge amount of products for small amount of money to the brokers available in the local and customers will directly approach to the brokers because of this formers are losing lot of money, they are getting cheated ,Farmers know that they are selling products to broker for small amount of money, but lack of knowledge to the farmer we thought of doing an application that can help farmers can directly sell their own products to customer with no brokers. Customers can directly contact to farmers , Farmers can sell their own products retail or wholesale according to their quantity of production in the farming to the customer directly, To get aware of all these problems and to get knowledge to the farmers this application is needed and, To bring the choice to any kind of farmer to create an environment that will let them buy or sell their agricultural products, Languages used Java, Language available Hindi, English, Technologies using Android Application. Mobile internet will help the farmers to sell their products directly to consumer. This paper provides market information to a farmer using its easy interface on the mobile application. The mobile application is intended to be used for fast and updated information delivering system for farmers. Also, it has native language support to make the transaction easy for farmers. The mobile application treats farmers as a seller and a buyer. The intention behind this paper is to help farmers so they buy or sell their agriculture goods and products. Market prices provided by data.gov.in lets the system to keep the selling and buying prices in control. As the products are to be browsed and there may be plenty of products for the user. To make browsing easy many filters can provide. Farmers face many problems while selling their goods and products, this system promises to provide an easy and recreational way to sell the products. The system lets the farmers to sell goods at a reasonable price and makes business even fair and transparent. Consumers are the opposite side of the same coin. This system lets consumer to choose from a wide variety of products, select the product as per their requirement and also to apply price filters. Location is a one of parameter for consumer and producer while selling or buying their product it will helps the user to get the product nearby their location. The basic Agriculture Equipment Rental & Product Selling System objective of the system is to considers every one need and full fills their requirement with fair and transparent agriculture business

A review on PZT in civil engineering

Civil engineering is not just about construction of buildings, towers, bridges etc. but also of their caring and maintenances. For this purpose all the constructed structures have to be monitored for their structural health in terms of damage detection, severity of damage etc., collectively called structural health monitoring (SHM) of structures in civil engineering. For SHM, electromagnetic impedance (EMI) technique is one of the best methods of NDTs being used in the field of civil engineering. EMI uses lead zirconate titnate (PZT) as its piezoelectric component for the purpose of measurement. PZT based devices are widely used in civil engineering. There is a huge demand for health monitoring now a days and to full fill those demands of health monitoring, PZT is one among the most reliable and cost efficient material. Piezoelectric sensor can be used to measure changes in acceleration, strain, pressure and to ensure the better safety measures. These PZT based sensors can be used for predicting the natural disasters like earthquake that helps to save the thousands of lives and can decrease property lose. The piezoelectric sensors can be used to monitor the civil structure which helps an engineer to analyses the characteristics of that structure. It is also used for collecting the data of force that is being exerted on the ground by the building, temperatures and pressure differences in environment etc. Damage detection is a technique that is used to monitor the civil structure, this can improve safety and ensure durability, and for concrete structures, damage detection plays an important role. For the purpose of SHM and damage detection PZT based sensors can be used. For civil engineering applications, PZT-cement based composites have been developed. The concrete and host structure such PZT-cement based composites shows better matching when compared to normal or other piezoelectric ceramics. In this review work we have discussed about SHM/Damage detection, Vibrational control, PZT embedded cement composites and PZT embedded in concrete.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction material in the world. Increase in population growth is leading to increase in various demands like cultivation, transportation, construction etc. Nowadays, there is a tremendous increase in the demand for construction works like residential buildings, bridges, dams, roads etc. and because of this increase in demand the availability of sources for concrete ingredients is getting difficult. Hence people are looking for alternative sources for the concrete ingredients in order to full fill their requirements. This dissertation work deals with the study of strength of concrete incorporating Recycled Aggregate concrete(R.A.C).The main objective of this investigation is to find out up to what percentage the Natural Coarse Aggregate(N.C.A) can be replaced by recycled coarse aggregate(R.C.A) in the concrete mix and to find out the extra quantity of cement to be added for each percentage replacement byR.C.A. to achieve its target mean strength. In this ongoing project work it is concentrated only on the use of R.C.A. A series of tests were carried out to determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength with and without recycled aggregates. Natural coarse aggregates in concrete were replaced with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of crushed concrete coarse aggregates. For the strength characteristics, the result showed a gradual decrease in compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity as the percentage of recycled aggregate is increased. Key Words: Natural Coarse Aggregate, Recycled coarse aggregate, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength.

The Effect of Polypropylene Fibers on the Behavior of Fiber Self-Compacting Concrete

Fiber self-compacting concrete (FSCC), is a concrete that has been combined with fiber in its mix design. Extensive benefits of self-compacting concrete (SCC) in full fill the mold and achieving full compaction without vibration, with good behavior after concrete cracking, raise the idea of self-compacting concrete production. The fundamental challenge in this area is the unsatisfactory performance of concrete with fibers; In other words, using fibers in concrete will reduce concrete fluidity. Therefore, determining the appropriate percentage of fibers in SCC can be a precursor to extending the use of FSCC. In this study, polypropylene fibers with 0.5, 1, 0.1, and 2% of concrete mix design have been added to the self-compacting concrete mix design. Its impact on the performance of concrete has been evaluated using time and diameter of slump-flow, L-Box, J-ring, and V-funnel flow time tests. Based on the criteria defined by EFNARC standard, it was indicated that the FSCC containing 0.5% polypropylene fibers has an acceptable performance. Additionally, the effect of polypropylene fiber on the mechanical properties of hardened concrete has been studied using compressive strength and tensile tests and shown that changes in FSCC compressive strength and tensile with 0.5% polypropylene fiber are negligible.

The Factors Influencing Youngsters’ Acceptance of Digital Payments in Sri Lanka

Purpose: The payment which is made by the consumers using the online medium using credit or debit card or Mobile applications is called digital payments. The Digital payment adoption in Sri Lanka is seems comparatively low. This study explores the factors affecting the adoption of digital payments. Theoretical framework: By using the theories such as Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Perceived Risk theory the study is carried out to find out the factors influencing the adoption of Digital payment in Sri Lanka. Design/Methodology/Approach: Survey Data is used to test the hypothesis and the model was tested with the data. Findings: The study results reveals that the Sri Lankan youths’ Social Influence has no relationship with the adoption of Digital payment. At the same time the Perceived risk, effort expectancy and performance expectancy are shown considerable impact on the adoption of Digital payments. Research, Practical & Social implications: The study results will support the decision makers and the policy makers to understand the consumer’s stand and it will give an idea for the organizations for the implementation of digital money concepts in their business entities. Also, the consumers can be educated and encouraged with the facts revealed in this study. Originality/Value: This study full fills the knowledge gap about the of Digital currency adoption in Sri Lanka. These results will support the business entities to understand the issues of adopting Digital Currency in Sri Lanka among youths.

Analysis of Characterization of Main Character in the Up 2009 Movie by Pete Docter

The tittle of this thesis is An Analysis Of Characterization Of Main Character In The UP 2009 Movie By Pete Dokter. This movie tell about a old man, the name is Carl Fredricksen who full fills his promise going to the paradise fall using a flying house with many ballons and Russel, in his journey Carl and Russel pass a lot obstacles and the finally arrive in Paradise Falls. For the analysis of the main characters obtained in the UP film, there are several characters such as impolite, wild, cruel, bad thoughts, smart care, angry caring, Brave. The data which had been collected were analyzed descriptively based on the theory Kenney (1966) and theory Wellek and Warren (1956). The main character was analyzed into four categories which is simple(flat) character, complex(round) character, dynamic character and static characterFrom the result analisys there are Three dimension, from the three dimensions, there is 1 Physiological Dimension data, 19 Psychological Dimension data, and 2 Sociological Dimension data. So, in conclusion the most prominent dimension of Mr. Fredricksen is Psychological Dimension which contains 19 data.

Grain yield and quality responses of durum wheat (Triticum turgium L. var. durum) to nitrogen and phosphorus rate in Yilmana Densa, Northwestern Ethiopia

Proper rate of fertilizer application is the major factor that affects yield and quality of durum wheat. Location specific fertilizer recommendation is lacking for durum wheat, therefore, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) field experiment on durum wheat was carried out on farmer's field in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons at Yilmana Densa district, Northwestern Ethiopia. The objective was to examine the response of durum wheat to N and P application and determine the optimal rate of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for durum wheat production in the district and similar agro ecology areas. Factorial combinations of four N levels (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg ha−1) and four P levels (0, 17.5, 35 and 52.5 kg ha−1) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications per site, over two sites in each year. Results indicated that N significantly affected most of the crop parametrs including grain yield, plant height, total number of tillers and effective tillers, spike length and seeds per spike, and the maximum value of the parameters recorded at the highest rate of N while application of phosphorus affected grain yield, plant height and spile length. The interaction effect of N and P significantly affected grain yield, plant height and seeds per spike. Grain yield showed quadratic and linear response to N and P application, respectively. The maximum grain yield (5182 kg ha−1) was obtained from the highest rate 270/52.5 N/P kg ha−1. The economic analysis revealed application of 270/52.5 N/P kg ha−1 gave the highest net benefit of 169741 ETB ha−1 with marginal rate of return 1453% and full fills the standard for quality of durum wheat production and hence can be recommended in Yilmana Densa District and other similar agro-ecologies in Ethiopia. The study revealed the need to further investigation for optimal N and P rates for different durum wheat varieties as they differ in protein content under the same management practices.

60 Bite and mouth shape variations assessment during different slow-feeding management in ponies: A geometric morphometric evaluation

Previous studies have highlighted the influence of different slow-feeding devices on behavior, intake rate and body postures of stabled equines. There is still, however, a lack of knowledge on how feeding devices change the biting mechanism and ultimately chewing behavior. The aim of our study was to evaluate the variation of bite and mouth shape in ponies fed the same forage by different feeding methods. Nine ponies belonging to 2 breed types - Shetland (n = 5, SH) and Welsh Cob (n = 4, WC) types - were used (mean ± SD: 12 ± 4 years and a BCS:7.6 ± 0.7/9). Breed type designation was assigned according to owner information and body morphometric measurements. A first cut meadow hay was offered to SH and WC ponies in 4 ways following a Latin square design: 3 kg of hay fed on the ground (G); or a small-holed hay net (3.5 × 3.5 cm holes) filled with 3 kg (Haynet full fill, HNF) or 1 kg (Haynet light fill, HNL) of hay; or a newly developed slow feeder (Haybox, HB) containing 3 kg of hay. The 2 hay nets were optimally placed, according to previous work, with the hay net base at the same height as the pony's elbow. Each pony was video recorded 3 times per feeding method and from the video at least 10 still frames/pony/feeding method were selected. A specific point configuration comprising 9 landmarks was developed and geometric morphometrics was applied to study variation in bite and mouthshape. Data were statistically analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA). When ponies were fed on the ground (G), the CVA showed the lowest variation (35.7%) in the bite and mouth shape, suggesting a similar biting mechanism despite the morphometric differences between the 2 breed types. In contrast, the use of the slow feeding devices – HB, HNF, HNL – showed higher values of shape variation between the breeds. Interestingly, the highest variation was reported when using the HNL (83.2%), followed by the HB (78.3%) and by the HNF (76.7%), highlighting that each feeding device made the animal alter their biting mechanism. These results were confirmed visually through PCA analysis, demonstrating that the features of the feeding device influenced the mouth shape. Our study suggested that the use of slow-feeding devices, of different size and capacity, not only can alter the intake rate of ponies but can also affect their way of feeding in terms of bite and mouth shape regardless of their morphology. This should be taken into account in further studies on slow feeding management, with the aim to fully understand the effects of different devices on feed intake mechanics.

Poverty in India

On the current scenario Poverty is a major problem. Most of the people suffer to full fill their daily needs.

LPG GAS leaking detector using Arduino for household application

Nowadays people are busy with work for full fill our daily life hence we forget to care about the small matters in our living area, especially in the kitchen household such as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) stove. Leaking of LPG can happen without we notice that when the LPG has some or small leakage either from the rubber tubing, faulty regulator fitting, and poor handling of gas appliances that can affect to the house or risk the life of the living persons in the house. Besides that, this gas is colorless and odorless which makes us not notice it. The main objective of this project is to study the operation of Arduino and GSM modules on LPG detectors. Other than that, to develop a programming software system for Arduino. This System design consists of two main modules: detection and transmission module, and receiver module. Detection and the transmission module detect gas changes in concentration using special sensing circuits built for this aim. This module checks for changes in concentration gas has exceeded a predetermined limit and the receiving module functions as a cellular alarm device to allow it mobility in the house. This project is focusing on the product that will be created and the effectiveness of the product on the household application. This project had achieved the objective that has been stated and it is successfully functioning.

Relating Pleasure Principle & Reality Principle to Islamic Concept of Human Life

A lot of studies conducted till date on comparing the nature of Secular and Islamic Psychology. Since Islam is a religion of nature or we can say it calls man not only to maintain ecological balance but rather a universal balance. These days a lot of people believe that this World is the only Life in which Man has to satisfy all his desires and pleasure, in this very limited time and there is no other chance or other World where Man can satisfy his desires. Therefore, man is becoming more and more materialistic and exploitative these days to full fill his desires which is causing the destructing of natural resources and misbalancing of ecology, this is called Pleasure Principle. But Islam recommends Man to follow Reality Principle instead of Pleasure Principle, which will provide Man a chance to satisfy his desires at advance level. In this paper a fresh study has been conducted comparing Pleasure Principle vs Reality Principle and it is tried to explore the connotation and relevance to both thoughts.

AN OVERVIEW OF AFGHANISTAN'S MAJOR GOODS IMPORTS FROM 2011 TO 2020

It is a generic source for academia, government strategic planning committees, and inside-focused businesses which directly self-independent a country economically. Therefore, it is very important to know those major imported goods that motivate internal business and government could flourish new jobs and reduce external factors influence a country. The data was in an open source as secondary data from the worldwide website. Furthermore, the data was analyzed through Power BI, Jamovi, and Excel software. The results showed that Afghanistan had $116 billion in imports of 21 major items from 2011 through 2020. The top five imported items were mineral products $19697866599 (16.92%), vegetable products $12759311935 (10.96%), transportation materials $11702351555 (10.05%), Foodstuffs materials $10447618796 (8.977%), animal and vegetable bi-products $4638743657 (3.98%). It is highly suggested to the current Afghan government to motivate the private, governmental, and non-governmental organizations to sharpen the human resource in these sectors, which bring new businesses and full fill the human and governmental needs for standing on their feet. On another side, Afghanistan import very little amount of weapons, which give a positive message to those terrorist countries which export and import more weapons.

Analysis of Smart Tracking Assistance and Control of Vehicle Using Internet of Things

Everyone in the world has a dream project to buy their car, bike, own house, etc. The average human spent his life term saving for full fill his dream wises of buying his product like a car, bike, house, etc. but some rob people easily steal their dream wishes without taking much time. That means stealing vehicles by robbery increases day by day. The main objective of this paper deals with one of the simplest methods of safe and precaution of the vehicle from stealing a person. That method is called a GPS tracking system. In earlier days, no such device was an exit to save guard the vehicle from robbery. So everyone needs to appoint a security service system for monitoring things throughout the day. The drawback of the security service system is difficult to monitor continuous hours throughout the day and night. The alternative method for prevention is the CCTV camera method, even though robbery is continuing every part of the world. This article describes GPS based tracking system. These device uses to get notifications immediately if someone steals the vehicle. The merit of this GPS-based tracking device does not require a main battery power supply because it has its small battery system. This battery system uses to continually running the GPS device without any disturbance. The outcome of the GPS tracking system is working well. It will communicate the information as quickly as possible.

IMPACT OF EMBEDDED CLS ON EYE TRACKING REPLICATION

Using different programming languages when software advancement is a familiar method in current software advancement. Nevertheless, using various languages that can hinder developer capacity is not widely known. This research simulated an unplanned controlled study examining the adoption of various languages in the situation of a directory programming task. Participants in this study were given programming tasks written in Java and one of three SQL-like embedded languages. Simple “SQL” over authority, “Java” program only, and a more Java-like hybrid embedded language. Furthermore, to transcribe the responses to the online quest and the participators' “task” solutions, the participators' eye movements were also recorded with an eye tracker.
 “Eye Tracker” or in this study call as “Eye-Trc” is the methodology of the study of software development that has developed nowadays and grants more in-depth info about how developers accomplish programming tasks. This Eye-Trc method is used as a data collection method in this study. Eye-Trc data was get by thirty-one participators (university background and Industrial Background) for different programming tasks. To analyze the impact of inter-group inconstant and professional experience and in-group “task” variables on the dependent variable Time in completion, this study used a mixed model ANOVA. The outcome of this study indicates that an important impact on productivity was not found, this is different from the initial research because of the language used.
 However, the same effect was found from the participators' expertise in programming activity indicating that more competent programmers were easy to full fill “polyglot programming tasks” more efficiently. In addition, it was raised that participators viewed the specimen code with the same proportion (time) for bringing “task” reckless of skills or language alternative provided. dominant-stage exploration management also remains mostly consistent over the experiences or language alternatives. Overall, it can be concluded that the programming stage of the linguist doesn’t have an important impact. The top-stage strategies that participators used came to be identical reckless of the language alternative presented to them. As a suggestion for future research, the impact of various characteristics of polyglot programming languages should be studied in depth for the conclusions reached to remain correct across various polyglot programming contexts.

Seaweeds cultivation methods and their role in climate mitigation and environmental cleanup

Seaweed cultivation is an emerging sector of food production that can full fill the future food demand of the growing population. Considering the importance, Asia is home to seven of the top ten seaweed-producing nations, and Asian countries contributed 99.1% of all seaweed cultivated for food. Besides, it can reduce the carbon budget of the ocean through seaweed farms and act as a CO 2 sink. In the context of climate change mitigation, the seaweed culture is the energy crop, and during its entire life cycle can serve as a bio-filter and bio-extractor. The climate change effect can be reduced by farming seaweed on a commercial scale and it will protect the coastal area by decreasing the physical damage through damping wave energy. The seaweed can reduce eutrophication by removing excess nutrients from water bodies and releasing oxygen as a byproduct in return. The cultivation of seaweed plays an important role as the source of bioenergy for full fill the future energy requirement and it will act as clean energy through the establishment of algal biorefinery along with the seaweed cultivation site. Thus, the marine energy industrial sector moves further toward large-scale expansion of this sector by adopting energy devices to offer power for seaweed growth for biofuel operation. The current reviews provides the evidence of seaweed farming methodology adopted by different countries, as well as their production and output. To mitigate climate change by direct measures such as carbon sequestration, eutrophication risk reduction, and bioenergy, as well as through indirect measures like supplying food for cattle and reducing the strain on aquaculture. The US, Japan, and Germany lastly suggest the large-scale offshore commercial farming as a feasible climate change mitigation strategy.

Theoretical Analysis and Development of an Artificial Neural Network Model to Evaluate Earthen Dam Slope Stability

In the design of earth dams, it must be considered that the water leakage through the earth dam generates upward and pore pressure, in addition to leakage forces that cause internal erosion, which has a direct influence on the structural stability of this system. Also, the rising and dropping in the water level has a direct effect on the stability of the dam's face slope. One way to solve these issues is the installation of a core or a horizontal water drainage system. The present study relied on the GEO-Studio computer tool to evaluate cross-sectional models of earthen dams by determining the safety factor under different situations represented by a change in filter type, and the flow state as a result of raising and lowering the water level at the dam reservoir and the full fill condition of the dam reservoir. The research found that the existence of a core substantially contributed to improving the safety coefficient for the case of rising the water level (2m) and rapidly rising by assigning it the greatest safety coefficient values. The absence of a filter had an opposite influence on the safety coefficient by decreasing it. Also, the factor of safety for the downstream slope was affected by less than 5% for different flow conditions, compared with the higher effect generated by the upstream slope. Furthermore, an artificial neural network model with an accuracy ratio of more than 97% was developed for the predicted safety factor.

Effect of Supplemental Oxygen on Risk of Surgical Wound Infection

Background: There is a risk of different complication after the surgery but delaying in wound healing or infection is one of most common risk. Oxidative killing is a process of tissues partial pressure of oxygen throughout the observed values ranges. The main defense against foreign particles in result of surgery is oxidative killing through neutrophils. In a study by Greif et al4 indicated oxygen 80% during the surgery and after 2 hours later of surgery 50% risk get lesser as compared to the patient who had administrated with 30% oxygen.4 Another study proved that chances of risk for infection get increase in patients who were administrated oxygen 11 % as compared to the patients with 25% oxygen administration.5 The current study was conducted to test the hypothesis that supplemental oxygen decreases the risk of post-operative wound infection. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of supplemental oxygen on risk of surgical wound infection. Materials and Methodology: A randomized Clinical Trial- double- blinded was conducted at DHQ hospital, Karachi from March 1, 2011 to October, 31, 2016. A total of 300 subjects with age around 18 to 80 years who underwent elective colorectal surgery and satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Non-probability Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. Double-blinded technique was used. Blinded investigators diagnosed the wounds infection by following the criteria of centers of disease control and prevention. Patients were randomly allocated in two groups by sealed-envelope method. Baseline assessment was performed on each patient which included patient’s medical history, physical examination and Lab tests i.e. complete blood picture and biochemical analysis. Characteristics for patient’s baseline and aesthetic treatment were confound factors. 3rd generation antibiotics cephalosporin were administrated 1 to 2 hours before of surgery. Patients of Group 1 received oxygen fraction of inspired oxygen FIO2 of 30 and group 2 of 80 percent. Randomly chosen concentration flow of oxygen 16l/min was given. Patient was breathing ambient air. Supplemental oxygen was given to maintain the patient’s oxygen saturation to 92% that is measured by pulse oximetry. Patient’s treatment was slandered with antibiotics and anesthesia administration. For wound evaluation, tools used were National nosocomial infection surveillance scale 6 and Efficacy of infection control,7 Wounds were checked for infection on daily basis by surgeons who were blinded. And wound thought to be infected when they full fill the criteria of Centers for Disease control and prevention standard. Main outcome measure was surgical site for infection and secondary outcomes were recovery of bowl function, duration of hospital stay, ambulation and ability to absorb the solid food. Statistical Analysis: Analysis was done on SPSS by applying parametric and non-parametric test according to normality. Results: Results showed no significant difference in %age Surgical infection site, Daily ASEPSIS value ≥20 at any time (p-value<0.06), Admission in ICU (p-value= 0.74), Bowel function recovery (p-value=0.74), Solid food intake (p-value=0.54), Walking (p-value=0.57), Removal of Staples( 0.72), Duration of post-surgery hospitalization(p-value=0.09) of both the groups as p-value >0.05 of all variables. Practical implication: If we provide pre-operative supplemental oxygen it will be helpful to decrease SSI. Conclusion: Patients who received supplemental oxygen showed significantly decrease in the risk of wound infection. Hence, Pre-operative supplemental oxygen proved to be an effective intervention to decrease SSI in the patients having rectal or colon surgery. Keywords: ASEPSIS, Surgical Wound, Infection, Supplemental Oxygen

Efektifitas Posisi Sleep On Side terhadap Kualitas Tidur Ibu Hamil Trimester III

Physiological changes in the reproductive system of pregnant women in the third trimester can cause disturbances in the full fill ment of sleep rest. The increase in abdominal volume with increasing gestational age provides discomfort until before delivery and can interfere with the quality of sleep. This study aims to obtain an overview of the effectiveness of sleeping on the side (tilted) related to the sleep quality of third-trimester pregnant women in the Tambaksari Region, Surabaya. The design used is pre-experimental with one group pre-post test design, The research instrument to measure sleep quality was using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the research sample of mothers who were pregnant in the third trimester who complained of disturbed sleep quality as many as 25 respondents using the Consecutive Sampling Technique. Setting the Sleep On Side position was carried out for 10 days, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon statistical test. The results of the study from 25 respondents that the quality of sleep was good at 22 (88%), and sleep quality was less as much as 3 (12%). Sleep quality disorders experienced by pregnant women in the third trimester if not treated will cause a decrease in body resistance so that it is at risk for the delivery process and the health of the fetus. Non-pharmaceutical handling is the right choice so as not to cause side effects for the fetus. The sleeping position sleeping on the side of pregnant women in the third trimester can reduce the occurrence of pressure on the inferior vena cava so that the fetus gets an optimal healthy blood supply.
 Keywords: Third-trimester pregnant women, Sleep On Side, sleep quality

Is Aid a Blessing or Cures for Africa?

In Africa aid is a short term blessing that minimized the problem of trade deficit, budget deficit, gross capital formation, poverty reduction, aid lead economic growth, human capital development, foreign exchange stability and economic stability role in Africa and also tries to full fill humanitarian emergency need of Africa at a large. However, due to aid conditions and neo- colonial hidden objectives of aid donors even though 1trillions of dollar were spend in Africa for the last 60 year from rich countries still Africa is the home of millions poor and yet not realize sustainable economic growth. So that, it is time for Africa tool look inside, to use its natural resource endowment and its land productively; avoid aid dependency culture; look for domestic source of revenue by expanding tax base and developing modern tax administration system; incorporate its endogenous knowable as part of its education, training, research and development areas; reduce waste and increase resource management and it must strengthen political, economic (like free mobility of labour, free trade area among Africans, establishment of domestic non government organization and using common currency) and social integrations( like developing African common cultural center) among its members countries; uses of domestically manufactured products, and reduce corruption and rent seeking activities of government officials; avoid predatory instructional set up and exercise democratic government system. Keywords: Africa, Europeans aid, blessing /cures, review DOI: 10.7176/JAAS/80-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2022

Effect of community pharmacist-provided patient education of partial fill availability for acute opioid prescriptions

BackgroundMore than 191 million opioid prescriptions were filled in the United States during 2017, and studies have shown that patients often have leftover medication. ObjectivesTo (1) measure the percentage filled as partial quantities and the percentage subsequently filled to completion; (2) determine which medications are filled as partial, completion, and full fills; and (3) identify patient reasons and demographics for partial, completion, and full fills. Practice descriptionTwo pharmacies of a national community pharmacy chain in Richmond, VA. Practice innovationVirginia law allows prescriptions to be filled in partial quantities as long as the total quantity does not exceed the written quantity and the remaining portions are filled within 30 days of the written date. Pharmacists developed an intervention to educate patients about the option to fill opioid prescriptions as a partial quantity. Evaluation methodsRetrospective analysis of drug utilization reports to identify the impact of the pharmacist intervention for acute, nonmaintenance opioid prescriptions filled as partial, completion, or full fill during a 5-month period. Patient demographics and reasons for choosing a partial or full fill were collected using surveys completed at prescription pickup. ResultsA total of 25.6% of included prescriptions were partially filled, and of these, only 31.9% were filled to completion. Hydrocodone-acetaminophen was the most common prescription, 35.8% full, 28.3% partial, and 36.4% completion fills. Patients’ motivation was driven by the pharmacist’s suggestion (48.5%) for partial fill and desire to have the medication if needed (36.6%) for full fill. ConclusionPharmacist offer of partial filling of acute opioid prescriptions may lead patients to partially fill prescriptions, and patients cited the pharmacist suggestion as a motivator.