Full Feed Research Articles

How can we improve perinatal care in isolated multiple intestinal atresia? A retrospective study with a 30-year literature review

IntroductionMultiple intestinal atresia (MIA) is a rare cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction. To provide an overview of the current prenatal, surgical, and nutritional management of MIA, we report our experience and a literature review of papers published after 1990. MethodsAll cases of isolated MIA (non-hereditary, not associated with apple-peel syndrome or gastroschisis) treated at our institution between 2005 and 2016 were reviewed and compared with cases found in the literature. ResultsSeven patients were prenatally suspected of having intestinal obstruction and were postnatally diagnosed with MIA, with a mean 1.7 (1–2) resections–anastomoses (RA) and 6 (1–10) strictureplasties performed, resulting in a mean resected bowel length of 15.1cm (15–25 cm). Median time to full oral feed was 46 days (14–626 days). All patients were alive and none had orality disorder after a mean follow-up of 3.1 years (0.2–8.1 years). Three surgical strategies were found in the literature review: multiple RA (68%, 34/50) including Santulli's technique in four of 34 (12%) and anastomoses over a transanastomotic tube (32%, 16/50), with a 98% survival rate, and short-bowel syndrome for only two patients. ConclusionBowel-sparing surgery and appropriate medical management are key to ensuring a favorable nutritional and gastrointestinal outcome and a good prognosis. Prenatal assessment and standardization of the surgical course of treatment remain challenging.

The Art of Detecting Forwarding Detours

The full Internet feed, reaching ~867K prefixes as of March 2021, has been growing at ≈50K prefixes/year over the last 10 years. To counterbalance this sustained increase, Autonomous Systems (ASes) may filter prefixes, perform prefix aggregation and use default routes. Despite being effective, such workarounds may result in routing inconsistencies, i.e., in routers along a forwarding route mapping the same IP addresses to different IP prefixes. In turn, the exit AS border routers associated with these distinct prefixes may potentially differ. For some prefixes, forwarding detours (FDs) may occur, i.e., traffic may deviate from best IGP paths. In this work we investigate the phenomenon of FDs and derive a methodology to detect them. In particular, our tool is able to pinpoint cases where multiple prefixes are subject to FDs. We run measurements from 100 vantage points of the NLNOG RING monitoring infrastructure and find FDs in 25 out of 54 ASes. We see that FDs are heterogeneous, i.e., the number of prefixes and AS border routers in between which we detect FDs strongly depend on the studied AS. Finally, we discover a remarkable binary effect such that either all transit traffic traversing between two border routers of an AS detours, or none does.

Two-hourly vs Three-hourly Feeding in Very Low Birthweight Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial

There is no consensus regarding the feeding interval in very low birth weight (VLBW) babies. If 2-hourly feeding schedule is feasible without increasing harm to the neonate, the nursing time consumed in the feeding of VLBW babies can be reduced. To study whether 3-hourly feeding is non-inferior to 2-hourly feeding with respect to time to reach full feeds in VLBW neonates. Open-label, randomized controlled trial. 350 Neonates weighing between 1000 to 1500 grams, in whom feed could be started within 96 hours of life randomized to either 2-hourly or 3-hourly feeding schedule. Time to achieve full enteral feed. The primary outcome of time to achieve full enteral feed was comparable in the two feeding schedule groups (median 5 days IQR 4-6 days in both groups; P=0.665). Among the secondary outcomes, there were no significant differences in incidence of hypoglycemia (RR 0.86; 95% CI: 0.29-2.5) feed intolerance (RR 1.08: 95% CI: 0.5-2.3), and necrotizing enterocolitis (RR 0.8; 95% CI: 0.22-2.3) in both the groups. Three hourly feeding does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia, necrotizing enterocolitis or feed intolerance.

Биоконверсия нутриентов рыбной муки в организме приматов

The article presents a study of the effect of fish meal, in the amount of 18% in the structure of the diet, on the organism of primates. Fishmeal is known to be rich in energy and protein. One kilogram of it contains up to 700 g of pure protein and up to 15 MJ of exchangeable energy. It should be noted that fish meal is easily digested and well absorbed by the body of animals. Among other things, it contains a lot of calcium, fat, vitamins of group B, phosphorus and other elements. But the use of fish meal in the rations of primates, in an amount above 18%, has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to study the effect of fish meal on hematological, biochemical blood parameters, to determine the variability of rations of rhesus monkeys, and based on the data obtained to determine the prospects for its further use in feeding primates. For this purpose, developed technological methods of preparation of feed with fish meal. The chemical composition of the obtained feeds has been determined. The nutritional value of the feed obtained was studied by the main indicators of chemical composition. The effect of fishmeal rations on blood and biochemical blood parameters and nutrient digestibility of fishmeal rations on rhesus monkeys was studied. And also calculated the economic efficiency of the use of fish meal in the structure of ration. On the basis of experimental data, it was established that the introduction of fish meal into the diet provides an improvement in the process of assimilation of feed, which has a beneficial effect on hematological and biochemical blood parameters in experimental primates. And provides a reduction in the cost of full granular feed.

Timing of eating during transition impacts feedlot cattle diet and liveweight gain

The timing of eating, relative to when feed is offered, is affected by the social rank of feedlot cattle due to limited feed bunk space. As cattle can select feed based on dietary preference, the timing of eating for cattle in feedlot may be associated with the ingested diet composition. Our objectives were to determine the nutritive value and timing of feed ingested by 100 feedlot cattle during transition and the association of timing of eating with feeding behaviours and average daily gain (ADG). Cattle behaviour and timing of eating were determined on 100 feedlot cattle using accelerometer-based ear tag sensors from days 3 to 6 post feedlot induction (observation period), and the ongoing impact of this period on ADG was determined for the full feed period (75 days). To determine eating patterns at the time of feed offer, cattle were grouped according to the number of days they were recorded as eating within 1 h of feed being offered across 4 observation days, G0: not present across 4 days, G1: present for 1 day, G2: 2 days, G3: 3 days and G4: present for each of the 4 days. Total mixed ration (TMR) samples were collected for nutritive value analysis from four locations along the feed bunk from the time feed was offered and at hourly intervals thereafter for 7 h each day during the observation period. The composition of feed in the bunk changed across the 7 h of measurement (P < 0.05). The DM and CP of feed increased from 65 to 70% and 15 to 16%, respectively, and the NDF decreased from 36 to 32%. Thus, the preferred TMR feed component was the fibrous dietary fraction. However, the overall composition of the ingested diet for 7 h post feeding was similar between groups. Cattle in G0 had reduced eating time (0.7 vs 4.8%; P < 0.001), rumination time (4.5 vs 19.5%; P < 0.001) and ADG (1.0 vs 1.3 kg/d; P < 0.05) across the study, as compared with cattle in G4. Offering a more fibrous ration during feedlot transition, and customised cattle segregation and/or customised feeding regimes based on sensor derived feeding behaviour profiles during acclimation to feedlot can optimise ADG, animal welfare and feedlot profit.

276 Impact of pre-farrow feeding amount and timing on stillborn rate of sows

Abstract Pre-farrowing feeding allowance and timing are often based on logistical ease instead of optimizing farrowing performance. The objective of this experiment was to decrease the stillborn rate via the amount and timing of feeding prior to farrowing. A total of 245 PIC 1050 (PIC, Inc., Hendersonville, TN) individually housed bred females were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 treatments on d 0. The 3 pre-farrow feeding treatments consisted of: 1) 2 meals of 0.9 kg fed at 630 h and 1530 h; 2) 1 meal of 1.8 kg fed at 630 h; and 3) 2 meals of 2.7 kg fed at 630 h and 1530 h. Dietary treatment commenced on entry into the farrowing crate and continued until they farrowed (ranged from d 2 to d 10). Data were analyzed using Proc MIXED (SAS 9.4; Cary, NC) with treatment as the main effect and sow as the experimental unit. Females having a litter with a total born ≤ 11 or ≥ 21 or did not consume their allotted feed were considered outliers and were removed from the statistical analysis. Feeding 2 meals of 0.9 kg per day trended to reduce stillborn rate compared to the other 2 pre-farrow feeding treatments (2 meals of 0.9 kg = 5.6%, 1 meal of 1.8 kg = 8.6%, 2 meals of 2.7 kg = 9.0%; P = 0.090). Pre-farrow feeding amount and time had no impact on total born or mummies (P ≥ 0.270). As a bonus, feeding small meals multiple times a day will reduce the farm’s overall feed cost compared to providing full feed access pre-farrow. In conclusion, implementation of a pre-farrowing feeding strategy is a vehicle that can be used to reduce the stillborn rate in commercial production.

The cell protection of weated pigs for probiotics

The immune system is central to ensuring the consistency of the body's homeostasis. The state of the body's natural resistance is determined by a set of non-specific protective mechanisms. Lymphocytes and phagocytes are actively involved in maintaining immunity. Lymphocytes recognize the antigens of pathogenic microorganisms, and phagocytes absorb and destroy the pathogens themselves. During the weaning of piglets from sows there is a decrease in the protective forces of their body. During this period, the natural resistance of the piglets is reduced due to the stressful situation caused by changing conditions of confinement, the transition to full feed and lack of sows. The immune system of weaning pigs is relatively weak, so when exposed to environmental and technological stressors, they become susceptible to various diseases. The use of probiotic drugs stimulates the activity of the immune system, prevents stress and immunodeficiency. One of these probiotics is the probiotic of domestic production Protecto-active. It w observed the the influence of the probiotic Protecto-active on the indices of nonspecific resistance of the young pigs organism to the growth. An increase in bactericidal activity of blood serum by 12.10% (P &lt;0.05) and lysozyme activity of blood in the piglets of the experimental group was increased by 3.71% compared to control, which indicates the activation of the body's defenses and the increase in adaptive capacity. An important step in the study of the influence of the probiotic Protekto-active on the state of the immune system is to determine the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic index and phagocytic number. In the experimental group of piglets that were fed the probiotic Protecto-active, we found an increase in leukocyte phagocytic activity by 9.0% (P &lt;0.001), a phagocytic index by 51.7% (P&lt;0.001) and a phagocytic number by 24.8% ( P &lt;0.01) compared with the control group. Thus, using a probiotic Protecto-active, all indicators of phagocytosis increase: the number of phagocytes increases, their ability to capture microorganisms and increases their digestive capacity, it increases the bacterial and lysozyme activity of blood serum, which is positively reflected in the immunobiosity. Key words: probiotic, phagocytosis, phagocytic index, phagocytic number, phagocytic activity of leukocytes, cellular immunity, piglets

A Review on Safety and Outcomes of Mucous Fistula Refeeding in Neonates.

The utility of mucous fistula refeeding (MFR) in neonates with short bowel syndrome is widely debated. Our purpose is to review MFR and outline methods, reported complications, and clinical outcomes (survival, weight gain, dependence on parenteral nutrition [PN], and time to enteral autonomy). We performed a MEDLINE literature search and reference review from January 1980 to May 2020 for terms ("mucous fistula re-feeding" or "enteral re-feeding") and neonates. We included studies that utilized conventional MFR in the neonatal period. Non-English language articles were excluded. We identified 11 relevant articles. Internationally, there was no consensus on methods of MFR. A total of 197 neonates underwent MFR. Within a single study, four neonates developed major complications; however, the procedure was well tolerated without major complications in 10 of the 11 studies. A mortality of nine patients during MFR highlights the burden of disease within the study population; however, of these, only one was directly attributable to MFR. Minor complications were seldom quantified. Three studies demonstrated a higher rate of weight gain and shorter PN support versus controls. Neonates who underwent MFR had lower chance of anastomotic leak and quicker progression to full feed after reversal versus controls. The influence of microorganisms in MFR was only investigated in one study. Current evidence suggests benefits of MFR; however, an international consensus is yet to be reached on the optimal method. A large prospective study investigating the influence of MFR on the enteric system is required.

Technical Study and Financial Analysis of Red Tilapia Cultivation (Oreochromis niloticus) in Running Water System Using Different Feeds at PT Ikan Bangun Indonesia (IWAKE) Bogor, West Java

Red tilapia is one of the commodities that can be cultivated in the running water pond. With the technology of running water ponds that depend on feeding. The cost of feed in production ranges from 60-70% of the total cost. Therefore, innovation in feed is needed to reduce production costs. Then an experiment was carried out aimed at finding out the efficiency in feeding maggot and pellet feed in red tilapia in the running water pond system. Some experiments were carried out by giving full feed pellets and substitution in maggot feed 50%. This research was conducted 75 days from March 2, 2020 to May 15, 2020. Observed parameters were production technique from stocking to harvest, frequency and dose, feed conversion ratio, daily weight gain, survival rate, and parameters water quality (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and water discharge). Daily average weight observations are carried out once a week. By providing different feeds, FCR is higher and pellet feed is superior to maggot and pellet combination feed. Pellet feeds produce FCR 2.8 and maggot and pellet combination feeds produce 3.79. With the loss of using maggot mixed feed IDR 15.709.111. Based on these results maggot feed experiments given did not provide a better effect than giving full pellet feed.Keywords: Experiment, red tilapia, different feeding, maggot, FCR, Financial Analysis.

Efficiency of alfalfa granulated feed additive in balanced ration of Ukrainian Riding Horse

We established positive influence of granulated alfalfa feed on the growth, development intensity, and sport qualities of the race horses. We registered the increase in live weight of young horses, which consumed the full granulated alfalfa feed by 8.0-9.8%. These animals had a more pronounced constitutional breed type. Thus, at the age of 18 months, they outclassed their peers in main linear dimensions: they had higher values of thoracic development (by 4.6%), higher thoracic diameter (by 4.5%), higher body length (by 5.7%). At the age of 24 months, these advantages were 6.4, 8.2, and 6.0% respectively. We found that the colts and fillies in the experimental group at the age of 12 months outperformed the same year horses from the control group by 1.1% by the index of format. Further, at the age of 18 and 24 months, the animals of the experimental group outperformed their counterparts from the control group by 0.2 and 0.4%, respectively. In terms of breast circumference index, the advantage of the exerimentary group animals at the age of 12 months was 0.1%, at the age of 18 months - 1.7%, at the age of 24 months - 1.8%, respectively. Similar results were recorded for the compactness index, where the advantage at the age of 12 months was 1.2%, at 18 months - 1.9%, at 24 months - 2.3% respectively. The effective use of environmentally friendly feed is confirmed by the results of hematological blood tests. It was found that for the vast majority of indicators they correspond to the physiological norm. This blood composition naturally characterizes changes in horses during the whole period of research. The received hematological profile is the basic characteristic of the state of health of horses in the research enterprise.

Annular pancreas in two cases after diamond-shaped anastomosis duodenoduodenostomy: case reports

Background: Annular pancreas is an infrequent congenital disorder characterized as a partial or complete pancreatic tissue around the descending part of the duodenum. Prenatal control is essential in the early detection of the annular pancreas. Initial management might increase better prognosis. We report two cases of the annular pancreas in Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali in 2016-2019 to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of different ages in annular pancreas managed by diamond-shaped duodenoduodenostomy.Case Description: The first case was a six days old baby boy with bile stained vomiting every time he breastfed when she was three days old and got worsen. USG fetal showed polyhydramnios with duodenal or jejunal stenosis. Besides, the abdominal X-ray showed double bubble sign and the laboratory findings were in a standard limit. The second case was a nine months old girl with bile-stained vomiting when she was eight months old and got worsen along with the time. She found with severe malnutrition and mild-moderate dehydration. The laboratory examination revealed electrolyte imbalanced, and abdominal X-ray showed double bubble sign. Postoperative to first feed was 1 day in both cases and full feed duration was 5 and 10 days. Length of stay was 16 and 25 days—both of the cases without complication after surgery.Conclusion: Annular pancreas is a rare congenital malformation that manifests primarily by signs related to duodenal obstruction. Earlier identifications will help to ensure that appropriate treatment can be instigated as soon as possible. Treatment by surgical with duodenoduodenostomy procedure is a surgical technique in the treatment of annular pancreas, with the advances in neonatal intensive care, may reduce the postoperative complications and will make a better outcome.

Effects of long‐term restricted feeding followed by full feeding on growth, processing yield, fillet proximate composition, and economics of market‐size hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus

AbstractA pond study examined the effects of long‐term restricted feeding followed by full feeding on production and processing characteristics, fillet composition, and economics of market‐size hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus. Market‐size fish averaging 674 g were stocked into 24 ponds (0.04 ha) at 17,300 fish/ha. Fish were either fed once or twice weekly for 4 months or once or twice weekly for 4 months followed by 15‐ or 30‐day daily full feeding. All fish were fed to apparent satiation on days fed. Fish fed once weekly for 4 months gained about 30% weight and those fed twice weekly gained 70% weight. Feeding once or twice weekly for 4 months followed by 15‐ or 30‐day full feeding did not significantly affect carcass yield compared with the initial sample (overwintered fish). At least 30 days of full feeding were needed to restore fillet yield to normal levels. Based on economic analysis and processing yield, it is suggested fish fed once weekly should be given full feed for 15 days or so to improve fillet yield before harvest. Fish fed twice weekly can be harvested with or without 15 days full feeding.

Design and implementation of a high efficiency microstrip array antenna for X‐band monopulse tracking applications

In this study, an X-band low-profile monopulse array antenna with high aperture efficiency is proposed for tracking applications. It is consists of a 112-element patch array antenna, a monopulse comparator, and a full corporate feed network which is composed of the waveguide and microstrip dividers. The monopulse comparator and waveguide part of the feed are produced out of a single-layer substrate as the back-end section. Also, the printed array antenna and microstrip part of the feed network are integrated as the front-end. Finally, the back-end and the front-end are integrated through 32 SMP connectors. The proposed design decreases the lateral size of the feed and results in achieving a high level of aperture efficiency. A prototype of the proposed design was manufactured and validated the design experimentally. The measurement results demonstrate that the impedance bandwidth ( ∣ S i i ∣ ⩽ − 12 dB ) is up to 12% with the isolations better than 20 dB. The maximum gain of the sum beam is 28.7 dBi, while the null depths of the difference patterns are better than 24 dB. The excellent characteristics of the proposed design make it a good candidate for two-dimensional monopulse tracking applications at X-band up to millimetre wavelengths.

Management factors resulting in a severe reduction in feed intake–induced spiking mortality syndrome in young broiler chicks

This study aimed to induce spiking mortality syndrome (SMS) in 10-day-old broiler chicks by changing feed particle size (crumble feed to pellet feed) and/or feed source location (from a small feeder at the pen's center to a large feeder at the front of the pen), followed by full day feed deprivation of all broiler chicks on day 11. In total, 396-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments (Con: without change in feed particle size and feed source location; Par: changing crumble feed to pellet feed on day 10; Loc: changing feed source location on day 10; LocPar: changing both feed particle size and feed source location on day 10). Each treatment consisted of 9 replicate pens with 11 chicks each. Each treatment was applied at 09:00 on days 10 and 11. On both days, chicks with SMS were identified based on clinical symptoms (down in sternal or lateral recumbency, hyperventilation). Plasma glucose, 3, 3′, 5-triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) concentrations, insulin, and liver glycogen concentrations of chicks without (normal) and with SMS were measured. Proportional organ and digestive tract including content weights were recorded. Broiler behavior was assessed hourly from 08:30 to 17:30 on day 10. On day 10, the Par, Loc, and LocPar groups spent significantly less time feeding and more time lying down compared with the Con group. On days 10 and 11, SMS clinical signs were observed around 2.5 to 3.5 h after the initiation of treatments, and the Loc group had the most SMS morbidity level. Spiking mortality syndrome chicks had significantly less digestive tract contents compared with Normal chicks on day 10. Spiking mortality syndrome was induced successfully with the treatments, according to their significantly reduced plasma glucose, insulin, T3 and T4 concentrations as well as liver glycogen content. A significant correlation between plasma glucose and liver glycogen was observed in SMS chicks. In conclusion, management factors inducing the reduction or absence of feed intake on day 10 or day 11 can trigger the occurrence of SMS in young broiler chicks.

Comparative study on the effect of oral motor intervention protocols on oral motor skills of preterm infants from tertiary care hospital in metropolitan city: pilot study

Background: Premature infants often have feeding difficulties leading to morbidity or developmental co-morbidities. Premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI), has shown the positive effects on feeding progression of the premature infants. PIOMI with the massage technique, may help in improving oral motor activity, weight gain in preterm infants along with better neurobehavioral organization. The study was done to analyse effect of this combined protocol on achieving oral motor control and Neurobehavioral state regulation and evaluate its efficacy against PIOMI.Methods: A total 72 clinically stable infants admitted in premature care unit, fulfilling inclusion criterion were enrolled. They were allocated in control and experimental group. Infants from control group received PIOMI and experimental group received PIOMI with massage therapy (M technique), for 10 minutes each day. Data was collected for oral motor abilities, behavioural assessment, weight and day of achieving full feeds.Results: Gestational age at full feeds was 33.65 weeks and 32.89 weeks in control and experimental groups respectively with ‘p’ value 0.002. The number of days of full feed in experimental group was 3.7 days earlier (p=0.04). Infants from experimental group showed higher oral motor score and more weight gain with significant difference The behavioral regulation in infants of both the groups improved after 8 day.Conclusions: PIOMI with M technique was well tolerated by preterm infants. The modified protocol has resulted in achieving early oral feeds and reducing hospital stay. It has also shown the benefit of behavioural regulation along with better oral motor control.

КОСВЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПИТАТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В КОРМАХ ДЛЯ МОЛОЧНОГО СКОТА, ОВЕЦ И СВИНЕЙ

We considered the question of demand parameters correspondence in feedstuff nutrition of separate groups of animals to parameters of feedstuff nutrition and possibility of their determination in feedstuff. For comparison we chose methods of determination of feedstuff chemical composition during zootechnic analysis, actual data of feedstuff nutrition on a database and estimate indicators of feedstuff chemical composition. Under factory conditions it is practically impossible to make full zootechnic feed analysis of diet according to specified parameters on grounds of analysis cost, laboratory opportunities and time conditions. Indirect methods of feedstuff nutrition index obtainment from data base and calculation with the help of regression were developed. However from database it is not always possible to get comprehensive information. There is not enough information in database on content in feedstuff microelements, vitamins, ADF, NDF, starch, sugar, etc. For calculation of feedstuff nutrition formulae were used in indirect method. They fully provide calculations of energetic partially protein feedstuff nutrition, but also calculations of separate parameters of carbohydrate nutrition. For calculation of mineral and vitamin and specific parameters of lipidic and carbohydrate nutrition there are no certain calculation formula. Consequently, along with advance of analysis methods of feedstuff chemical composition, it is necessary to broaden and deepen databases of feedstuff and continue research to establish mathematical models for calculations of feedstuff chemical composition . These developments will allow significantly speeding up calculations of diets, reducing costs and time on feedstuff analysis.

Time-delay compensation and weighted feedforward control for reducing current harmonic of grid-connected inverter in weak power network

In order to improve the quality of grid-connected current, the full feed forward control of grid voltage is often used to increase the output impedance of inverter. However, due to the influence of digital control delay, not only the harmonic suppression effect is weakened, but also the negative phase shift of the output impedance, which deteriorates the stability of the inverter in the weak network. In this paper, a time-delay compensation and weighted feedforward control strategy is proposed, in which a series of quasi-resonant items are added to the full feed forward circuit, and only the feedforward background harmonics appear at the frequency. By designing the quasi-resonant term, not only the phase delay introduced by the digital control can be compensated, but also the higher output impedance at the background harmonic frequency can be obtained, and the negative phase shift of output impedance can be reduced, and to improve the stability of the inverter in a weak power grid. Finally, a 6kw inverter prototype is built, and the validity and correctness of the proposed control strategy are verified by experiments.

PASTURE MODE FOR USE OF SUDAN GRASS

The main task of fodder production in West Kazakhstan region is to provide the livestock industry with fodders stable in yield, balanced in nutritional value and low in cost. An important point is that the supply of green feed, especially during the summer depression, should not be interrupted. All these requirements are met by Sudan grass. Having high plasticity to growing conditions and unique drought resistance for fodder crops, it becomes an indispensable component of green conveyor. Sudan grass is used as grazing feed, to produce green mass and hay. A significant share of Sudan grass in feed crops is provided by its high nutritional value for farm animals. The research aim is to study the technology of Sudan grass cultivation to provide livestock with full feed. As a result of the carried out studies, the data on productivity and feed value of Sudan grass in conditions of West Kazakhstan region during cultivation in grazing mode were obtained. For the studies in 2018 and 2019 in total for 4 browsing, Sudan grass provided collection of 87.06-107.44 c/ha green mass for use as feed to cattle.

Development of trigger sensitive hyaluronic acid/palm oil-based organogel for in vitro release of HIV/AIDS microbicides using artificial neural networks

BackgroundEfficient and effective chemotherapeutic methods designed to prevent the continuous spread of HIV/AIDS is essential to break the cycle of new infections. The use of condoms has been seen to be effective in prevention of HIV and STIs but its lack of use especially in vulnerable population is a deterrent to its overall success as a control method. Utilization of topical microbicide to curb the spread of HIV follows the current paradigm for HIV prevention in at risk individuals. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate hyaluronic acid/palm oil-based organogel loaded with maraviroc (MRV) which would be released using hyaluronidase as the trigger for pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV.ResultsThe organogels had average globules size 581.8 ± 3.9 nm, and were stable after three freeze thaw cycles; the thermosensitive and HA sensitivity was achieved via incorporation of hyaluronic acid and dicaprylate esters in the organogel with thermogelation occurring at 34.1 °C. Artificial neural network was used to model and optimize mucin absorption and flux. These responses were predicted using the multilayer full feed forward (MFFF) and the multilayer normal feed forward (MNFF) neural networks. Optimized organogel showed the mucin adsorption and flux was 70.84% and 4.962 μg/cm2/min1/2, hence MRV was adequately released via triggers of temperature and HA. The MRV organogel showed inhibition HIV − 1 via TZM-bl indicator cells. Compared to control HeLa cells without any treatment, MRV organogel was not cytotoxic for 14 days in vitro.ConclusionThese data highlight the potential use of hyaluronic acid/palm oil-based organogel for vaginal delivery of anti-HIV microbicides. This can serve as a template for more studies on such formulations in the area of HIV prevention.

The effect of feeding a natural feed additive on the performance of broiler chickens

Natural feed additive is made on the basis of bottom sediments of the steppe reservoirs of the Krasnodar Territory and is a dry powder of a grayish tint. Mineralization of local bottom sediments is 6.5 g / kg, calcium content is 29.7 g / kg, macronutrients from 1.04 to 25.8 g / kg, trace elements from 0.03 to 0.7 g / kg. The medium reaction is from neutral to slightly alkaline. Using sapropel feed additives (SFA), it was possible to increase the gross live weight gain of broiler chickens by 1.7-2.0% while reducing feed costs per 1 kg of gain by 0.5%. All internal organs of the poultry were developed within normal limits. There was profitability increase by 1.1% in growing broilers, when using sapropel feed additives in full feed. Blood biochemical values were at an optimal level. Therefore, this feed additive can be considered as a natural feed ingredient; however, it is necessary to further develop a complex feed additive from natural components that partially or completely meets the requirement of the poultry in biologically active substances and micronutrients.