Full Facility Research Articles

The use of digital mock-ups on the development of the Divertor Test Platform 2

The divertor test platform 2 (DTP2) is a full scale physical test facility intended for testing, demonstrating and refining the remote handling (RH) equipment designs with prototypes which will define the final specifications for call for tenders of ITER RH devices. The facility will also be used for training future ITER RH operators. Digital mock-ups have been extensively used for providing the reference design and manufacturing support of the cassette multi-functional mover, its assisting manipulator and other tooling. Despite DTP2 not being yet fully operational, digital mock-ups of DTP2 and its equipment, together with real-time dynamic simulation models, have been employed to perform studies and designs which will reduce the time needed for the integration and commissioning of new RH equipment delivered to the site. The use of digital mock-ups is currently being used for planning and verifying (in a 3D environment) task procedures of future RH test trials; developing and testing control software and hardware, and graphical user interfaces; estimating the duration of the different RH tasks and to obtain a realistic range of capable motions and speeds of the devices. During DTP2 operations, digital mock-ups will still be employed for improving, optimizing and validating test procedures; assess the difficulty and fatigue experienced by the operators; gather technical specifications for designs and procurements of new RH equipment. The final goal is to produce a complete digital mock-up of the divertor region and its RH equipment, including operations and tasks procedures. Due to the large amount of devices and operations to be tested at DTP2, a product lifecycle management (PLM) system and a Manufacturing Hub are being put into operation.

The Dark Side of Collection Management: Deselecting Serials from a Research Library's Storage Facility Using WorldCat Collection Analysis

ABSTRACT To address the situation of its nearly full storage facility, the Purdue University Libraries developed guidelines for the deselection of very low–use serial titles and conducted a pilot project to identify material for withdrawal. The library school intern hired to conduct the pilot used WorldCat Collection Analysis to create subject lists of titles to be considered for withdrawal. These lists also contained value-added information about how many benchmark institutions owned and duplicated the local holdings of each title. Working with subject specialists, the intern developed criteria to guide a major serials deselection project. After the success of the internship in six subject areas, the libraries funded a longer-term position to complete the deselection project.

Être en fugue : des adolescents en attente de soin

In the case of a teenager psychiatry unit, with full time hospitalization facility, the first contact with runaway teenagers happens through the hospitalization demands of a third party (parents, social workers, judges). These teenagers constitute a rather homogeneous group, with personality disorders and social difficulties. We would like to suggest, on the one hand, to consider their running away as a state and not as an act, and on the other hand, to treat them by taking the function of this symptom into consideration rather than its sense.

Innovative testing facility to mitigate hurricane‐induced losses

The growth of hurricane‐induced losses from US$1.3 billion per year before 1990 to US$36 billion per year after 2000 [National Science Board, 2007] is a direct result of over 50 years of accumulated socioeconomic decisions to invest in physical infrastructure and community development along coastlines. Fifty percent of the U.S. population now lives within 80 kilometers of a coast [National Academy of Sciences, 1999]. With hurricane losses surpassing the US$100 billion mark in 2005 (http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats.shtml) and over 1400 fatalities in 2004–2005 [Government Accountability Office, 2006], it is hard to identify any other societal need or engineering problem that is as challenging, recurring, and multi disciplinary or with as far‐reaching impacts as hurricanes.The devastation brought by recent hurricanes that have struck U.S. coastal states demonstrates the need for mitigation tools that can significantly reduce losses. A current research initiative by the International Hurricane Research Center (IHRC) at Florida International University (FIU) will allow for the first time full‐scale testing of the impact of hurricane‐force winds, wind‐driven rain, and flying debris on houses and low rise commercial buildings. The Wall of Wind testing facility, an innovative research capability developed by an IHRC research team, is the first major initiative to operate a full scale facility dedicated to hurricane damage mitigation [Leatherman et al., 2007].

VLIDORT: A linearized pseudo-spherical vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer code for forward model and retrieval studies in multilayer multiple scattering media

We describe a new vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer model with a full linearization facility. The VLIDORT model is designed to generate simultaneous output of Stokes vector light fields and their derivatives with respect to any atmospheric or surface property. We develop new implementations for the linearization of the vector radiative transfer solutions, and go on to show that the complete vector discrete ordinate solution is analytically differentiable for a stratified multilayer multiply scattering atmospheric medium. VLIDORT will generate all output at arbitrary viewing geometry and optical depth. The model has the ability to deal with attenuation of solar and line-of-sight paths in a curved atmosphere, and includes an exact treatment of the single scatter computation. VLIDORT also contains a linearized treatment for non-Lambertian surfaces. A number of performance enhancements have been implemented, including a facility for multiple solar zenith angle output. The model has been benchmarked against established results in the literature.

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Distribution Inside a Tubular Heat Exchanger

The velocity field inside a new concept of heat exchanger, which is a component of a high protons linear accelerator, is investigated experimentally in order to validate the design. A full scale facility with optical accesses is used for the measurements by particle image velocimetry. The choice of the technique is set by the three-dimensional and strongly unsteady structure of the flow. A filtering procedure is applied to the recorded images before processing the velocity field with an optical flow algorithm using dynamical programming. The distribution of the velocity between the different tubes of the heat exchanger shows a large scatter of flow rate between these tubes. In addition, the turbulence characteristics are presented.

Bernard J. Muir, ed. 2004. <i>A digital facsimile of Oxford, Bodleian Library MS. Junius 11</i>. Software by Nick Kennedy. Bodleian Library Digital Texts 1. Oxford: Bodleian Library

This CD-ROM digital facsimile of one of the most important manuscripts of the Anglo-Saxon period offers outstanding functionality. It presents very high resolution photographs of the entire manuscript including binding and binding strips, close-ups of initials, a full transcription linked to the images, translations of all of the poems in the manuscript, introductory essays including commentary on the illustrations, and a full search facility. This CD is at once a substantial advance in digital editing practice and an important contribution to Old English literary and art-historical studies.

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of non-condensables accumulation induced by steam condensation in a non-vented pipeline

A substantial increase of the concentration of non-condensable gases in the mixture with steam can occur in a non-vented pipeline due to the condensation. This phenomenon is investigated with the thermal-hydraulic and physicochemical code HELIO. The hydrogen and oxygen accumulation is simulated and analyzed for a real non-vented steam pipeline of the nuclear power plant. The results show the propagation of non-condensables concentration front, the temperature and velocity field of the steam–non-condensables mixture, and the velocity and thickness of the condensate that drains on the pipeline’s inner walls. The gas mixture temperature is verified with measurements from a full size test facility. The presented modelling approach and numerical results are unique regarding the simultaneous solution of the heat and mass transfer in the system consisting of the steam–non-condensable gases mixture and the thin liquid film on the pipe’s wall.

Rural Expressway Intersection Characteristics as Factors in Reducing Safety Performance

Expressways have been constructed in many states as a way to increase mobility without the expense of a full access-controlled grade-separated facility. In most cases, it was assumed that these segments of highway would produce similar mobility and safety characteristics as other access-controlled facilities. However, recent research has found that there are problems with the safety performance of these systems. The objective of these analyses is to identify the major contributing factors that create problematic intersections in Iowa. From previous research, it is evident that factors in addition to roadway volume contribute to the safety performance of an at-grade, two-way, stop-controlled expressway intersection. This research identifies additional characteristics that may increase or decrease the safety performance of a rural expressway intersection. The methodology used in this research includes the examination of 644 intersections throughout Iowa. Through the use of a statewide database and crash information from 1996 to 2000, it was possible to identify, on the basis of crash severity rate, the 100 best-performing and 100 worst-performing expressway intersections. With these 200 intersections, a statistical analysis was completed to determine the effects intersection design and surrounding land use have on an intersection's safety performance. Skewed intersections, intersections located on vertical or horizontal curves, and intersections at which there is varying surrounding land use were studied to determine their effects on safety performance. Following the completion of the analysis of the 200 intersections, the 30 intersections with the highest crash severity index rates were selected for more thorough, site-specific analysis. As part of this analysis, the authors examined the impact of land use adjacent to the intersection and of peaking in hourly traffic volumes. The research identifies attributes that impact crash frequency and severity both negatively and positively.

Rural Expressway Intersection Characteristics as Factors in Reducing Safety Performance

Expressways have been constructed in many states as a way to increase mobility without the expense of a full access-controlled grade-separated facility. In most cases, it was assumed that these segments of highway would produce similar mobility and safety characteristics as other access-controlled facilities. However, recent research has found that there are problems with the safety performance of these systems. The objective of these analyses is to identify the major contributing factors that create problematic intersections in Iowa. From previous research, it is evident that factors in addition to roadway volume contribute to the safety performance of an at-grade, two-way, stop-controlled expressway intersection. This research identifies additional characteristics that may increase or decrease the safety performance of a rural expressway intersection. The methodology used in this research includes the examination of 644 intersections throughout Iowa. Through the use of a statewide database and crash information from 1996 to 2000, it was possible to identify, on the basis of crash severity rate, the 100 best-performing and 100 worst-performing expressway intersections. With these 200 intersections, a statistical analysis was completed to determine the effects intersection design and surrounding land use have on an intersection's safety performance. Skewed intersections, intersections located on vertical or horizontal curves, and intersections at which there is varying surrounding land use were studied to determine their effects on safety performance. Following the completion of the analysis of the 200 intersections, the 30 intersections with the highest crash severity index rates were selected for more thorough, site-specific analysis. As part of this analysis, the authors examined the impact of land use adjacent to the intersection and of peaking in hourly traffic volumes. The research identifies attributes that impact crash frequency and severity both negatively and positively.

Process and economic analysis of pretreatment technologies

Five pretreatment processes (dilute acid, hot water, ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX), ammonia recycle percolation (ARP), and lime) for the liberation of sugars from corn stover are compared on a consistent basis. Each pretreatment process model was embedded in a full bioethanol facility model so that systematic effects for variations in pretreatment were accounted in the overall process. Economic drivers influenced by pretreatment are yield of both five and six carbon sugars, solids concentration, enzyme loading and hemicellulase activity. All of the designs considered were projected to be capital intensive. Low cost pretreatment reactors in some pretreatment processes are often counterbalanced by higher costs associated with pretreatment catalyst recovery or higher costs for ethanol product recovery. The result is little differentiation between the projected economic performances of the pretreatment options. Additional process performance data, especially involving the identification of optimal enzyme blends for each pretreatment approach and conditioning requirements of hydrolyzates at process-relevant sugar concentrations resulting from each pretreatment may lead to greater differentiation in projected process economics.

CASS: a collaborative academic store for Scotland

PurposeTo determine whether a collaborative academic store for Scotland is a viable proposition and discover what problems and issues it raises.Design/methodology/approachImplementation of a pilot facility that would permit a real‐world assessment of requirement costs and funding models, would pave the way for a full facility, and act as a possible model to others considering similar facilities.FindingsAlthough the project is still in its first year, a good deal of useful experience has already been gained via the planning and setting‐up of an operational facility. This has informed the features and facilities of the pilot store described in the paper.Research limitations/implicationsThe pilot facility currently only serves a sub‐set of possible participants in Scotland.Practical implicationsThe pilot will inform the Scottish community on the viability of an operational store whilst providing a useful facility in the short to medium term.Originality/valueThe paper will inform others wishing to set up collaborative stores on methods, models, problems and issues in what is still a relatively unexplored approach to storage problems.

Effect of track irregularities on initiation and evolution of rail corrugation

The effect of track irregularities on rail corrugation is investigated in detail with the numerical method when a wheelset is steadily curving. The irregularities considered in the analysis include initial running surface of rail with periodically varying and different wave length, stochastic roughness on the rail running surface, and vertical uneven support stiffness of the rail due to the discrete sleeper supports. The numerical method considers a combination of Kalker's rolling contact theory with non-Hertzian to be modified, a linear frictional work model and a vertical dynamics model of railway vehicle coupled with a curved track. The model is also validated by an experiment with a full scale facility. The influence of different speeds of wheelset curving on the development of the corrugation is taken into account in the calculation. The numerical results indicate that (1) for existing of the initial corrugation of new rail with any wavelength the depth from the peak to trough of it decreases gradually with an increase of wheelset passage, but the initial corrugation evolved has a tendency to move in the rolling direction, (2) the amplitude of the initial stochastic roughness of new rail is gradually leveled out and but a corrugation with very small depth and a few fixed passing frequencies is initiated, the passing frequencies are the same as the natural frequencies of the track, and (3) the discrete rail supports by sleepers have a great influence on the formation of the corrugation.

The MIT bates X-ray laser project

MIT and the Bates Linear Accelerator Center are exploring the construction of an X-ray free electron laser user facility. It will be based on a superconducting linac of approximately 4 GeV energy, and produce XUV light in the 0.3–100 nm wavelength range at kilohertz repetition rates. The facility will be a full user facility incorporating multiple beamlines. Conventional lasers that produce the electron beam, seed the FEL, and execute pump–probe experiments are carefully integrated. The current design of the facility is discussed.

A survey of filamentous organisms at the deer Island treatment plant

The Deer Island Treatment Plant (DITP) treating both domestic and industrial wastewater, has a peak flow capacity of up to 1270 million gallons per day (MGD) (3342 m3 min−1). The DITP contains a Pilot Plant, which consists of two identical pure oxygen activated sludge treatment trains, each with a maximum capacity of 1 MGD (2.63 m3 min−1) to simulate the maximum flow of the full size facility. This study documents the community of filamentous organisms living in the activated sludge under various operational conditions in the Pilot Plant. Sixteen types of filamentous organisms were identified. The major filamentous organisms present in the Pilot Plant were Type 1701, Type 0041, Sphaerotilus natans, Microthrix parvicella, and Nocardia sp. Nocardia sp. was quite dominant in the early stages of the experimental period during high ambient temperatures (summer), indicating that temperature is one determining factor in the distribution of Nocardia sp. Thiothrix sp. was very sensitive to the dissolved oxygen (DO) level, with low DO values favoring the growth of the organisms. Microbiological observations made during the start‐up and stable operation of the full‐scale secondary treatment plant (maximum capacity 780 MGD) are also reported. No dominant filamentous species existed during the start‐up period. Type 0803 and Type 1701, indicators of low oxygen level for the applied food to microorganism ratio, confirmed the low DO conditions of activated sludge tanks.

Performance of the ICARUS liquid argon prototype

We report on the performance of a liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber, operating in a 10m3 cryostat. This device built in the framework of the ICARUS T600 programme to serve as a full test facility for the adopted cryogenics and mechanical solutions, was successfully tested in 2000 as the last step before the tests of the first 600t ICARUS module 1 year later. In a final run at the Gran Sasso Laboratory, whose outcome provides the main subject of this paper, also the readout and imaging capabilities of the installed wire chamber and the overall performance of the detector have been successfully tested.

Electronic Publication and Impact Factors

Space in the printed edition of the European Journal of number, which is printed on the mailing label that accompanies your copy of the journal. EJVES online Vascular and Endovascular Surgery remains at a premium. We reject a large number of papers, and it replicates all that is published in the printed journal, with additional (colour) figures and datasets, where seems a shame that many of these may never see the light of day. We can justify some of these rejections relevant. EJVES online will also have a full search facility, as will our new, parallel online journal because of poor quality, but many of the papers received possess some useful information. This appears EJVES (EISSN: 1533-3167, located at www.harcourt-international.com/journals/ejvx). particularly true of Case Reports, which, although of passing interest to most readers, may help others with EJVES represents a new electronic forum publishing short reports, correspondence, book rethe management of similar patients under their care. Our limited space also means that we cannot publish views, information on forthcoming events and other additional material. A logo in EJVES online will link the full dataset for important trials, which may hamper subsequent meta-analysis. Furthermore, publication of articles to any relevant correspondence. This new initiative will provide a value-added service for correspondence in a monthly journal will always be delayed and thus become divorced from the relevant readers and members by publishing material that we cannot publish in the printed journal due to lack article. The ability to search for an article is also limited, although the final issue of each volume contains an of space and the need to protect our impact factor. Short reports published in will be peer-reviewed in index by keyword and author. Electronic publication now gives us the potential to address all of these the usual way and can be cited through digital object identifiers (DOI), as can articles published in EJVES limitations. Will it mean the death of the print journal? We doubt it, as many prefer a print journal to read at online. The impact factor of a journal is calculated by the leisure. However, they may also require access to an electronic version for more detailed data analysis, Institute for Scientific Information, based in the U.S.A. The impact factor for a given year equals the number literature reviews, etc. Therefore, electronic publication should be viewed as a complement, not a of times the articles a journal publishes during the previous 2 years are cited during that year, divided competition, to the printed journal. The article by Frank Cross in a forthcoming issue will explore the by the number of articles published during those 2 years. For instance, EJVES published 179 articles in additional advantages of the Internet for vascular surgeons. 1997 and 210 articles in 1998. In 1999 there were 161 and 327 citations for these articles, respectively, giving For several years we have posted tables of contents and abstracts of articles published in the print journal an impact factor of (161+327)/(179+210)=1.25. Unfortunately, impact factors seem strongly biased toon our website at www.harcourt-international.com/ journals/ejvs. However, the full text electronic version wards American journals, distorted by specialty and vulnerable to manipulation. For example, specialty of the journal has only been accessible via institutions that subscribe to IDEAL, Harcourt’s online journal journals such as ours that publish many original papers may have a lower impact factor than more general library. From this month, EJVES online (EISSN: 15322165) will become freely available to all individual review journals. Despite these deficiencies, the impact factor may influence the decision of some authors to subscribers via a link from our main website or at www.idealibrary.com. You will need your subscriber submit a paper to a particular journal, even though the

Development of an up-flow irradiation device for electron beam wastewater treatment

Abstract Electron beam irradiation processing is an available technology to treat sludge, groundwater, surface water and industrial and municipal wastewater. The use of this technology into environmental areas has moved slowly because industry and government are always conservative in the adoption of new processes, especially when they can not observe the efficiency and cost effectiveness of a treatment in a full scale facility. In this direction the hydraulic system where the water is presented to the electron beam governs the efficacy of this technology. The present work is based on the development of the irradiation device, an up-flow delivery system that alleviates the dependence of energy transfer to the stream with the beam accelerating voltage (penetration capability). In this work a series of experiments were performed to establish the relationships between accelerating voltage ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 MeV, current, water flow and deposited dose in order to optimize the operating parameters and the selection of a cost-effective commercial electron beam.

Miniature fiber optic pressure sensor for turbomachinery applications

Development of pressure sensors for the instrumentation of experimental aerodynamic facilities has traditionally concentrated on electrical techniques. An improvement in the currently attainable temporal and spatial resolution in pressure measurement would be beneficial in the characterization of turbulent flows behind turbine rotor stages, for example. We present results obtained in a turbine test rig from a fiber optic pressure sensor based upon the interferometric response of an extrinsic cavity formed between the interrogation fiber and a reflective diaphragm. We discuss the design trade offs, optical interrogation and temperature sensitivity of such a configuration, and demonstrate the success of the design in small-scale shock tube experiments. We then describe the application of the sensor in a full scale turbine test facility in which pressure signals with frequency components exceeding 200 kHz were obtained.

Destination Digital: Description of the Role of Component Digital Video in the Transition to HDTV

A full HDTV facility overhaul is expensive, and the cost is hard to justify without accurate viewer-count estimates. On the other hand, using a bit-stream splicer to insert local content into a passed-through network signal greatly restricts local branding. The most economical and flexible option is to operate in component digital, a format fully compatible with MPEG-2 compression. Remaining in component digital from start to finish allows local broadcasters to avoid conversions and maintain signal quality, and is, therefore, the clear choice for facility design.