Full Correspondence Research Articles

Some Thoughts on Logic and Intuition in Science and Chemical Engineering

The role of the logic and intuition in the chemical engineering is presented. Basic rules of logic in chemical engineering are used: “Construction of mathematical models of chemical engineering structures use the general rules (approximations) of the continuous media mechanics” and “A full correspondence between physical effects and mathematical operators (in the form of functions and their derivatives) in the mathematical models”. The basic mathematical operators as gradient, divergence and Laplace operator are associated with the physical effects in the models. The intuition-judgments in the chemical engineering are the axioms as “Stokes postulate for the linear relationship between stress and strain rate”, “linear relationship between the diffusion flux and the concentration gradient (Fick’s first law)”, “linear relationship between heat flux and temperature gradient (Fourier’s first law)”. The intuition-judgments (axioms) of the linear and non- linear mass transfer theories are presented too.

Rich preference-based argumentation frameworks

An argumentation framework is seen as a directed graph whose nodes are arguments and arcs are attacks between the arguments. Acceptable sets of arguments, called extensions, are computed using a semantics. Existing semantics are solely based on the attacks and do not take into account other important criteria like the intrinsic strengths of arguments.The contribution of this paper is three fold. First, we study how preferences issued from differences in strengths of arguments can help in argumentation frameworks. We show that they play two distinct and complementary roles: (i) to repair the attack relation between arguments, (ii) to refine the evaluation of arguments. Despite the importance of both roles, only the first one is tackled in existing literature. In a second part of this paper, we start by showing that existing models that repair the attack relation with preferences do not perform well in certain situations and may return counter-intuitive results. We then propose a new abstract and general framework which treats properly both roles of preferences. The third part of this work is devoted to defining a bridge between the argumentation-based and the coherence-based approaches for handling inconsistency in knowledge bases, in particular when priorities between formulae are available. We focus on two well-known models, namely the preferred sub-theories introduced by Brewka and the demo-preferred sets defined by Cayrol, Royer and Saurel. For each of these models, we provide an instantiation of our abstract framework which is in full correspondence with it.

Excitation Energy Transfer in a Classical Analogue of Photosynthetic Antennae

We formulate a classical pure dephasing system-bath interaction model in a full correspondence to the well-studied quantum model of natural light-harvesting antennae. The equations of motion of our classical model not only represent the correct classical analogy to the quantum description of excitonic systems, but they also have exactly the same functional form. We demonstrate derivation of classical dissipation and relaxation tensor in second order perturbation theory. We find that the only difference between the classical and quantum descriptions is in the interpretation of the state and in certain limitations imposed on the parameters of the model by classical physics. The effects of delocalization, transfer pathway interference, and the transition from coherent to diffusive transfer can be found already in the classical realm. The only qualitatively new effect occurring in quantum systems is the preference for a downhill energy transfer and the resulting possibility of trapping the energy in the lowest energy state.

Landmark‐Guided Elastic Shape Analysis of Spherically‐Parameterized Surfaces

AbstractWe argue that full surface correspondence (registration) and optimal deformations (geodesics) are two related problems and propose a framework that solves them simultaneously. We build on the Riemannian shape analysis of anatomical and star‐shaped surfaces of Kurtek et al. and focus on articulated complex shapes that undergo elastic deformations and that may contain missing parts. Our core contribution is the re‐formulation of Kurtek et al.'s approach as a constrained optimization over all possible re‐parameterizations of the surfaces, using a sparse set of corresponding landmarks. We introduce a landmark‐constrained basis, which we use to numerically solve this optimization and therefore establish full surface registration and geodesic deformation between two surfaces. The length of the geodesic provides a measure of dissimilarity between surfaces. The advantages of this approach are: (1) simultaneous computation of full correspondence and geodesic between two surfaces, given a sparse set of matching landmarks (2) ability to handle more comprehensive deformations than nearly isometric, and (3) the geodesics and the geodesic lengths can be further used for symmetrizing 3D shapes and for computing their statistical averages. We validate the framework on challenging cases of large isometric and elastic deformations, and on surfaces with missing parts. We also provide multiple examples of averaging and symmetrizing 3D models.

Endoluminal surface registration for CT colonography using haustral fold matching

Computed Tomographic (CT) colonography is a technique used for the detection of bowel cancer or potentially precancerous polyps. The procedure is performed routinely with the patient both prone and supine to differentiate fixed colonic pathology from mobile faecal residue. Matching corresponding locations is difficult and time consuming for radiologists due to colonic deformations that occur during patient repositioning. We propose a novel method to establish correspondence between the two acquisitions automatically. The problem is first simplified by detecting haustral folds using a graph cut method applied to a curvature-based metric applied to a surface mesh generated from segmentation of the colonic lumen. A virtual camera is used to create a set of images that provide a metric for matching pairs of folds between the prone and supine acquisitions. Image patches are generated at the fold positions using depth map renderings of the endoluminal surface and optimised by performing a virtual camera registration over a restricted set of degrees of freedom. The intensity difference between image pairs, along with additional neighbourhood information to enforce geometric constraints over a 2D parameterisation of the 3D space, are used as unary and pair-wise costs respectively, and included in a Markov Random Field (MRF) model to estimate the maximum a posteriori fold labelling assignment. The method achieved fold matching accuracy of 96.0% and 96.1% in patient cases with and without local colonic collapse. Moreover, it improved upon an existing surface-based registration algorithm by providing an initialisation. The set of landmark correspondences is used to non-rigidly transform a 2D source image derived from a conformal mapping process on the 3D endoluminal surface mesh. This achieves full surface correspondence between prone and supine views and can be further refined with an intensity based registration showing a statistically significant improvement (p<0.001), and decreasing mean error from 11.9 mm to 6.0 mm measured at 1743 reference points from 17 CTC datasets.

First-order representation of the Faddeev formulation of gravity

We study the Faddeev formulation of gravity in which the metric is composed of a ten-dimensional tetrad . Here, A = 1, …, 10 refers to an Euclidean (or Minkowsky) ten-dimensional spacetime and λ = 1, 2, 3, 4 is the usual world index. A remarkable unique feature of the Faddeev formulation is that the action remains finite for the discontinuous tetrad. If the spacetime is composed of flat microblocks (in the discrete version of gravity), this means that these microblocks in quantum theory do not coincide on their common faces, that is, they are independent. We propose a representation of the Faddeev formulation analogous to the Cartan–Weyl formalism. It is based on extending the set of variables by introducing an infinitesimal SO(10) connection. Excluding this connection via equations of motion we reproduce the original Faddeev action. A peculiar feature of this representation is the occurrence of a local SO(10) symmetry violating condition so that the SO(10) symmetry is only global one in full correspondence with the fact that the original Faddeev formulation possesses just the global SO(10) symmetry. We also consider an analogue of the Barbero–Immirzi parameter which can be naturally introduced in the considered representation.

Quantum–classical transitions in complex networks

The inherent properties of specific physical systems can be used as metaphors for investigation of the behavior of complex networks. This insight has already been put into practice in previous work, e.g., studying the network evolution in terms of phase transitions of quantum gases or representing distances among nodes as if they were particle energies. This paper shows that the emergence of different structures in complex networks, such as the scale-free and the winner-takes-all networks, can be represented in terms of a quantum–classical transition for quantum gases. In particular, we propose a model of fermionic networks that allows us to investigate the network evolution and its dependence on the system temperature. Simulations, performed in accordance with the cited model, clearly highlight the separation between classical random and winner-takes-all networks, in full correspondence with the separation between classical and quantum regions for quantum gases. We deem this model useful for the analysis of synthetic and real complex networks.

Combination of Resting State fMRI, DTI, and sMRI Data to Discriminate Schizophrenia by N-way MCCA + jICA

Multimodal brain imaging data have shown increasing utility in answering both scientifically interesting and clinically relevant questions. Each brain imaging technique provides a different view of brain function or structure, while multimodal fusion capitalizes on the strength of each and may uncover hidden relationships that can merge findings from separate neuroimaging studies. However, most current approaches have focused on pair-wise fusion and there is still relatively little work on N-way data fusion and examination of the relationships among multiple data types. We recently developed an approach called “mCCA + jICA” as a novel multi-way fusion method which is able to investigate the disease risk factors that are either shared or distinct across multiple modalities as well as the full correspondence across modalities. In this paper, we applied this model to combine resting state fMRI (amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, ALFF), gray matter (GM) density, and DTI (fractional anisotropy, FA) data, in order to elucidate the abnormalities underlying schizophrenia patients (SZs, n = 35) relative to healthy controls (HCs, n = 28). Both modality-common and modality-unique abnormal regions were identified in SZs, which were then used for successful classification for seven modality-combinations, showing the potential for a broad applicability of the mCCA + jICA model and its results. In addition, a pair of GM-DTI components showed significant correlation with the positive symptom subscale of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), suggesting that GM density changes in default model network along with white-matter disruption in anterior thalamic radiation are associated with increased positive PANSS. Findings suggest the DTI anisotropy changes in frontal lobe may relate to the corresponding functional/structural changes in prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus that are thought to play a role in the clinical expression of SZ.

The principle of pooled calibrations and outlier retainment elucidates optimum performance of ion chromatography

A principle with quality assurance of ion chromatography (IC) is presented. Since the majority of scientists and costumers are interested in the determination of the true amount of analyte in real samples, the focus of attention should be directed towards the concept of accuracy rather than focussing on precision. By exploiting the principle of pooled calibrations and retainment of all outliers it was possible to obtain full correspondence between calibration uncertainty and repetition uncertainty, which for the first time evidences statistical control in experiments with ion chromatography. Anions of bromide were analysed and the results were subjected to quality assurance (QA). It was found that the limit of quantification (LOQ) was significantly underestimated by up to a factor of 30 with respect to the determination of concentration of unknowns. The concept of lower-limit of analysis (LLA) and upper-limit of analysis (ULA) were found to provide more acceptable limits with respect to reliable analysis with a limited number of repetitions. An excellent correspondence was found between calibration uncertainty and repetition uncertainty. These findings comply with earlier investigations of method validations where it was found that the principle of pooled calibrations provides a more realistic picture of the analytical performance with the drawback, however, that generally higher levels of uncertainties should be accepted, as compared to contemporary literature values. The implications to the science analytical chemistry in general and to method validations in particular are discussed.

Characterizing the strongly jump-traceable sets via randomness

We show that if a set A is computable from every superlow 1-random set, then A is strongly jump-traceable. Together with a result of Greenberg and Nies [Noam Greenberg, André Nies, Benign cost functions and lowness properties, J. Symbolic Logic 76 (1) (2011) 289–312], this theorem shows that the computably enumerable (c.e.) strongly jump-traceable sets are exactly the c.e. sets computable from every superlow 1-random set.We also prove the analogous result for superhighness: a c.e. set is strongly jump-traceable if and only if it is computable from every superhigh 1-random set.Finally, we show that for each cost function c with the limit condition there is a 1-random Δ20 set Y such that every c.e. set A⩽TY obeys c. To do so, we connect cost function strength and the strength of randomness notions. Together with a theorem of Greenberg and Nies (ibd.), this result gives a full correspondence between obedience of cost functions and being computable from Δ201-random sets.

Supersymmetric fluid dynamics

Recently Navier-Stokes (NS) equations have been derived from the duality between the black branes and a conformal fluid on the boundary of AdS_5. Nevertheless, the full correspondence has to be established between solutions of supergravity in AdS_5 and supersymmetric field theories on the boundary. That prompts the construction of NS equations for a supersymmetric fluid. In the framework of rigid susy, there are several possibilities and we propose one candidate. We deduce the equations of motion in two ways: both from the divergenless condition on the energy-momentum tensor and by a suitable parametrization of the auxiliary fields. We give the complete component expansion and a very preliminary analysis of the physics of this supersymmetric fluid.

Dėl šv. Brunono misijos šiaurinės koncepcijos

ON THE NORTHERN DIRECTION OF THE MISSION OF ST. BRUNO OF QUERFURT Summary The author points to the single possibility of the “northern” (not Yatvingian, not the “southern”) direction of the mission of St. Bruno of Querfurt to Baltic Russia. This was a repetition of the previous route of St. Adalbert of Prague, of whom St. Bruno was a follower. In full correspondence with the note of Adam of Bremen on Sambians as neighbours of the Poles and Russes, the expression In confinio Rusciae et Lituae meant a boundary space between Skalvian Russes (Proto-Russians) and Lithuanian speaking tribes of the lower Neman. The author also comments on some critical remarks of his opponents.

Full correspondence between asymmetric filling of slits and first-order phase transition lines

Adsorption on single planar walls and filling of slits with identical planar walls are investigated in the frame of the density functional theory. In this sort of slits the external potential is symmetric with respect to its central plane. Calculations were carried out by applying both the canonical and grand canonical ensembles (CE and GCE, respectively). The behavior is analyzed by varying the strength of the adsorbate-substrate attraction, the temperature T, and the coverage Γℓ. Results obtained for physisorption of Xe on alkaline surfaces are reported in the present work. Prewetting (PW) lines and wetting temperatures, Tw, are determined from the analysis of adsorption on single walls. The filling of slits is analyzed for temperatures T &amp;gt; Tw. It is found that whenever for a given Xe-substrate combination the adsorption on a single wall exhibits a first-order wetting transition then asymmetric profiles that break the left-right symmetry of the external potential appear in the filling of an equivalent slit. These spontaneously symmetry breaking (SSB) solutions occur in a restricted range of Γℓ with a T-dependent width. In the case of closed slits analyzed in the CE scheme, the obtained asymmetric profiles exhibit lower Helmholtz free energies than the symmetric species and, therefore, could be stabilized in this geometry. For open slits, the GCE scheme yields all the symmetric and SSB states in the corresponding convex regimes of the free energy. It is shown that both the CE and the GCE frames yield three coexistent states, two symmetric and one asymmetric twofold degenerate. Both a PW line and the related SSB effect terminate at the same temperature. For rather strongly attractive surfaces reentrant SSB states are found at a fixed value of T.

Interrater and intrarater reliability of lumbar spine magnetic resonance assessment of military aircraft pilot candidates

The development of diagnostic imaging facilitates evaluation of spinal anatomy, but there is no full correspondence between morphologic and pathologic changes observed in radiographic studies and clinical findings. The aim of the study was to: 1. Evaluate the degree of signal intensity and degenerative changes of intervertebral discs in the lumbar spine on MRI. 2. Estimate interrater reliability of classification of pathology between experienced and inexperienced medical doctors. The sample consisted of 89 persons aged between 18 and 21 years. MRI scans of the lumbar spine were evaluated by the use of a console for digital analysis by three medical doctors with different levels of experience. Evidence of dehydration of intervertebral disc was found in 3.37%-4.49% at the L4-L5 level, and in 13.48%-15.73% of cases at the L5-S1 level. Interrater reliability ranged from full agreement at levels where degenerative changes are rarely observed to fair and poor agreement at L4-L5 and L5-S1. Intrarater reliability showed full agreement on higher levels to good and very good at l4-l5 and l5-S1 levels. Interrater reliability concerning the degree of degenerative changes was 0.6 for Th12 to L4, but was poor at L4-L5 and L5-S1. Intrarater reliability ranged from full agreement at higher levels to poor at L3-L4-L5 and moderate at L5-S1. 1. Asymptomatic intervertebral disk changes were found in 30% of the study participants. 2. Evaluation of the degree of degenerative changes of intervertebral discs requires specialist training and experience.

The facilitation of genius: Rickman's mentoring of Bion

Marco Conci's paper gives new information on the relationship between two giants of early object relations: Rickman and Bion. First as Bion's analyst, and later as his mentor, colleague, and friend, Rickman inspired and facilitated the development of one of our treasured analytic geniuses. Although we only have Bion's letters, and so not the full correspondence, the portrait of a genuinely facilitating relationship develops, one that began before Bion knew where he was going and therefore drew heavily on Rickman's ideas and experience. As Bion matures, so Rickman gives him more room to differentiate, credits the originality of Bion's ideas, and becomes a friend and colleague rather than mentor. The resulting portrait is an object lesson in growth and maturation. The author of this discussion found a good deal of resonance with his relationships with his own early interests and formative development.

Correspondance et transcodage entre CFTMEA R 2010 et CIM-10

In spite of its conceptual differences with the International Classification of Disease 10 (ICD-10), the 2010 revision of the French Classification for Children and Adolescents Mental Disorders (FCCAMD) tries to propose a correspondence table as complete as possible, between the categories of both classifications, reaching their complete transcoding. The aim is to allow the continuation of CFTMEA use while responding to national and international constraints. After describing the national and international current constraints, the solutions found and the obstacles faced by the transcoding, this paper is led to observe that what opposes to the full correspondence between these two classifications is also what makes the interest of their coexistence: ICD-10 offers a categorical approach to psychiatric diagnostic, while FCCAMD brings dimensional psychopathological complementary informations essential in child and adolescent psychiatry.

Markerless reconstruction and synthesis of dynamic facial expressions

In this paper we combine methods from the field of computer vision with surface editing techniques to generate animated faces, which are all in full correspondence to each other. The inputs for our system are synchronized video streams from multiple cameras. The system produces a sequence of triangle meshes with fixed connectivity, representing the dynamics of the captured face. By carefully taking all requirements and characteristics into account we decided for the proposed system design: We deform an initial face template using movements estimated from the video streams. To increase the robustness of the reconstruction, we use a morphable model as a shape prior to initialize a surfel fitting technique which is able to precisely capture face shapes not included in the morphable model. In the deformation stage, we use a 2D mesh based tracking approach to establish correspondences over time. We then reconstruct positions in 3D using the same surfel fitting technique, and finally use the reconstructed points to robustly deform the initially reconstructed face. We demonstrate the applicability of the tracked face template for automatic modeling and show how to use deformation transfer to attenuate expressions, blend expressions or how to build a statistical model, similar to a morphable model, on the dynamic movements.

Is 99mTc-HMPAO granulocyte scan an alternative to endoscopy in pediatric chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Although endoscopy with biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), this procedure is invasive and its repetition is stressful, especially in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the role of (99m)Tc-HMPAO-labeled granulocyte scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow-up of pediatric IBD and its possible use as an alternative to colonoscopy to determine the disease extent and severity beyond its ability to differentiate ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease. During a 10-year period, 52 children, aging between 2 and 17 years (median, 11.09 years), were subjected to (99m)Tc-HMPAO granulocyte scan 7-28 days from conventional diagnostic tests, and the results were compared with endoscopic and bioptic results. Disease severity was graded by the focal uptake intensity versus iliac bone uptake (Scan Activity Index) and compared with Endoscopy Mayo Score. In 15 out of 16 patients, IBD diagnosis was obtained with a full correspondence of location and severity of lesions, respectively, in 14 out of 16 and 13 out of 16, while in 31 out of 36 patients, IBD was correctly excluded (sensitivity of 93.7%, specificity of 86.1%, and negative predictive value of 96.4%). During the follow-up, all relapses (24) and remissions (13) were correctly recognized (sensibility and specificity of 100%). In conclusion, (99m)Tc-HMPAO granulocyte scan is an accurate minimally invasive technique with very good accuracy, able to diagnose and to grade the intensity and extent of the disease; it is also a useful tool in the follow-up of pediatric IBD where it could reliably replace the invasive endoscopic assessment in most cases.

A passion for nature: the life of John Muir

am hopelessly and forever mountaineer, John Muir wrote. Civilization and fever and all the morbidness that has been hooted at me has not dimmed my glacial eye, and I care to live only to entice people to look at Nature's loveliness. My own is nothing. In Donald Worster's magisterial biography, John Muir's special self is fully explored as is his extraordinary ability, then and now, to get others to see the sacred beauty of the natural world. A Passion for Nature is the most complete account of the great conservationist and founder of the Sierra Club ever written. It is the first to be based on Muir's full private correspondence and to meet modern scholarly standards. Yet it is also full of rich detail and personal anecdote, uncovering the complex inner life behind the legend of the solitary mountain man. It traces Muir from his boyhood in Scotland and frontier Wisconsin to his adult life in California right after the Civil War up to his death on the eve of World War I. It explores his marriage and family life, his relationship with his abusive father, his many friendships with the humble and famous (including Theodore Roosevelt and Ralph Waldo Emerson), and his role in founding the modern American conservation movement. Inspired by Muir's passion for the wilderness, Americans created long and stunning list of national parks and wilderness areas, Yosemite most prominent among them. Yet the book also describes Muir who was successful fruit-grower, talented scientist and world-traveler, doting father and husband, self-made man of wealth and political influence. A man for whom mountaineering was a pathway to revelation and worship. For anyone wishing to more fully understand America's first great environmentalist, and the enormous influence he still exerts today, Donald Worster's biography offers wealth of insight into the passionate nature of man whose passion for nature remains unsurpassed.

Algebraic Properties of Generalized Rough Sets

In this paper we consider the problem whether for a map p : A(B) → B there is a relation R on A(B) such that properties of a map p: B → B are reflected to R. This is a converse problem that J. Jarvinen proved in [5]. We give an affirmative answer to the problem. Moreover we give equational bases which characterize properties of the map p. This means that the classes of some types of algebras form varieties. Hence, there are full correspondence between properties of relations and varieties of modal algebras. (This work was partially supported by Grant-Aid for Scientific Research (No.15500016), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.)