Full Competence Research Articles

Communication barriers in caring for culturally diverse patients and the cultural competence of nursing staff

Introduction: The culturally different patient is still a new task for nursing staff. In order to realise competent and effective care for a patient from a different culture, the nurse must be able to recognise her own cultural filters, communication barriers, cultural differences, the sometimes different value system and its relevance to the patient's quality of life Objective of the study: The aim of this study is to illustrate the communication barriers in caring for a culturally different patient in a selected group of nursing staff and to contrast them with the cultural competences possessed by this group. Material and method: 127 nursing staff of one of the Podkarpackie hospitals were studied. A diagnostic survey with an author's survey questionnaire and the Polish version of the Cultural Competence Scale of Medical Personnel were used. Results: Individuals with higher cultural competence in behaviour were better able to cope with communication barriers in terms of language differences and non-verbal communication. Higher cultural competence in patient-centred communication was associated with better coping with barriers in terms of cultural differences and non-verbal communication. The higher the cultural competence in practice orientation, the lower the coping with excess emotions or information and the worse the coping with the patient's culture and values conflicting with the patient's own culture and value system. Those who scored higher on the self-assessment of cultural competence simultaneously coped better with barriers concerning language differences. Those who showed higher awareness and sensitivity with regard to cultural competence coped less well with emotional excess. Conclusions: Relatively good levels of problem solving related to communication barriers are not always accompanied by full cultural competence.

Homage to the last speakers of Halich Karaim

The article pays homage to the last fluent speakers of Halich Karaim. Two of them lived in the traditional settlement, the Karaim Street in Halich. A further speaker moved to Trakai and stayed there for the rest of her life with her sister. Thanks to favorable circumstances all of them could communicate in their daily life in Halich Karaim and maintain their full competence in their community language. Common to them all was their concern about the future of the language and their strong determination to transmit their linguistic competence to others, and especially to the younger Karaim generation.

Early and Late Complications of Mandibulectomy Free Flap Reconstruction: Does the Selective Use of Soft Tissue Only Flaps Reduce Complications?

This study aims to evaluate the factors most associated with early and late complications following microvascular free tissue transfer (MVFTT) after mandibulectomy. A retrospective review of patients undergoing MVFTT after segmental mandibulectomy from September 2016 to February 2021 was performed across a single academic institution. Surgical variables were collected, including the location of the resultant mandibular defect (anterior vs posterior) and flap type (osseous or non-osseous). The primary outcome variables included postoperative complications (early, <90 days; and late, >90 days) and the patients' functional status (return to oral intake). Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Fischer's exact test, and 2-sample t tests were used to analyze differences among variables. We analyzed a cohort of 114 consecutive patients with mandibular defects, comprising 57 anterior and 57 posterior defects. Bony free flaps with hardware were used to reconstruct 98% of anterior defects compared to 58% of posterior defects (P < .001). All soft tissue only flaps did not utilize any hardware during the reconstruction. Anterior defects demonstrated more late complications requiring additional surgery (30% vs 9%, P = .04). A secondary analysis of posterior mandibular reconstructions compared soft tissue only flaps and bony free flaps with hardware and showed equivalent rates of early (12% vs 13%, P > .99) and late (9% vs 8%, P > .99) complications requiring additional surgery while demonstrating a similar return to full oral competence (55% vs 46%, P = .52) and recovery of a 100% oral diet (67% vs 54%, P = .53). Osseous free tissue transfer for segmental mandibular defects remains the gold standard in reconstruction. In our patient cohort, anterior mandibular defects are associated with greater late (>90 day) complications requiring additional surgery. Comparable outcomes may be achieved with soft tissue only versus osseous free flap reconstruction of posterior mandibular defects.

Moral sensitivity and the limits of artificial moral agents

Machine ethics is the field that strives to develop ‘artificial moral agents’ (AMAs), artificial systems that can autonomously make moral decisions. Some authors have questioned the feasibility of machine ethics, by questioning whether artificial systems can possess moral competence, or the capacity to reach morally right decisions in various situations. This paper explores this question by drawing on the work of several moral philosophers (McDowell, Wiggins, Hampshire, and Nussbaum) who have characterised moral competence in a manner inspired by Aristotle. Although disparate in many ways, these philosophers all emphasise what may be called ‘moral sensitivity’ as a precondition for moral competence. Moral sensitivity is the uncodified, practical skill to recognise, in a range of situations, which features of the situations are morally relevant, and how they are relevant. This paper argues that the main types of AMAs currently proposed are incapable of full moral sensitivity. First, top-down AMAs that proceed from fixed rule-sets are too rigid to respond appropriately to the wide range of qualitatively unique factors that moral sensitivity gives access to. Second, bottom-up AMAs that learn moral behaviour from examples are at risk of generalising from these examples in undesirable ways, as they lack embedding in what Wittgenstein calls a ‘form of life’, which allows humans to appropriately learn from moral examples. The paper concludes that AMAs are unlikely to possess full moral competence, but closes by suggesting that they may still be feasible in restricted domains of public morality, where moral sensitivity plays a smaller role.

Self supervised learning and the poverty of the stimulus

Diathesis alternations are the possible expressions of the arguments of verbs in different, systematically related subcategorization frames. Semantically similar verbs such as spill and spray can behave differently with respect to the alternations they can participate in. For example one can “spill/spray water on the plant”, but while one can “spray the plant with water”, it is odd to say “spill the plant with water”. “Spray” is a verb which can alternate between syntactic frames while “spill” is not alternating. How human speakers learn the difference between such verbs is not clearly understood, because the primary linguistic data (PLD) they receive does not appear sufficient to infer the knowledge required for adult competence. More generally the poverty of the stimulus (POS) hypothesis states that the PLD is not sufficient for a learner to infer full adult competence of language. That is, learning relies on prior constraints introduced by the language faculty. We tested state-of-the-art machine learning models trained by self supervision, and found some evidence that they could in fact learn the correct pattern of acceptability judgement in the locative alternation. However, we argued that this was partially a result of fine-tuning which introduced negative evidence into the learning data, which facilitated shortcut learning. Large language models (LLMs) cannot learn some linguistic facts from normal language data, but they can compensate to some extent by learning spurious correlated features when negative feedback is introduced during the training cycle.

A small secreted protein NICOL regulates lumicrine-mediated sperm maturation and male fertility

The mammalian spermatozoa produced in the testis require functional maturation in the epididymis for their full competence. Epididymal sperm maturation is regulated by lumicrine signalling pathways in which testis-derived secreted signals relocate to the epididymis lumen and promote functional differentiation. However, the detailed mechanisms of lumicrine regulation are unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that a small secreted protein, NELL2-interacting cofactor for lumicrine signalling (NICOL), plays a crucial role in lumicrine signalling in mice. NICOL is expressed in male reproductive organs, including the testis, and forms a complex with the testis-secreted protein NELL2, which is transported transluminally from the testis to the epididymis. Males lacking Nicol are sterile due to impaired NELL2-mediated lumicrine signalling, leading to defective epididymal differentiation and deficient sperm maturation but can be restored by NICOL expression in testicular germ cells. Our results demonstrate how lumicrine signalling regulates epididymal function for successful sperm maturation and male fertility.

Mosaic results after preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy may be accompanied by changes in global gene expression.

Aneuploidy in preimplantation embryos is a major cause of human reproductive failure. Unlike uniformly aneuploid embryos, embryos diagnosed as diploid-aneuploid mosaics after preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) can develop into healthy infants. However, the reason why these embryos achieve full reproductive competence needs further research. Current RNA sequencing techniques allow for the investigation of the human preimplantation transcriptome, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms of embryo development. In this prospective study, using euploid embryo gene expression as a control, we compared the transcriptome profiles of inner cell mass and trophectoderm samples from blastocysts with different levels of chromosomal mosaicism. A total of 25 samples were analyzed from 14 blastocysts with previous PGT-A diagnosis, including five low-level mosaic embryos and four high-level mosaic embryos. Global gene expression profiles visualized in cluster heatmaps were correlated with the original PGT-A diagnosis. In addition, gene expression distance based on the number of differentially expressed genes increased with the mosaic level, compared to euploid controls. Pathways involving apoptosis, mitosis, protein degradation, metabolism, and mitochondrial energy production were among the most deregulated within mosaic embryos. Retrospective analysis of the duration of blastomere cell cycles in mosaic embryos revealed several mitotic delays compared to euploid controls, providing additional evidence of the mosaic status. Overall, these findings suggest that embryos with mosaic results are not simply a misdiagnosis by-product, but may also have a genuine molecular identity that is compatible with their reproductive potential.

Characterisation of the immune repertoire of a humanised transgenic mouse through immunophenotyping and high-throughput sequencing.

Immunoglobulin loci-transgenic animals are widely used in antibody discovery and increasingly in vaccine response modelling. In this study, we phenotypically characterised B-cell populations from the Intelliselect Transgenic mouse (Kymouse) demonstrating full B-cell development competence. Comparison of the naïve B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires of Kymice BCRs, naïve human, and murine BCR repertoires revealed key differences in germline gene usage and junctional diversification. These differences result in Kymice having CDRH3 length and diversity intermediate between mice and humans. To compare the structural space explored by CDRH3s in each species' repertoire, we used computational structure prediction to show that Kymouse naïve BCR repertoires are more human-like than mouse-like in their predicted distribution of CDRH3 shape. Our combined sequence and structural analysis indicates that the naïve Kymouse BCR repertoire is diverse with key similarities to human repertoires, while immunophenotyping confirms that selected naïve B cells are able to go through complete development.

Harmonizing ophthalmic residency surgical training across Europe: A proposed surgical curriculum.

One of the core aims of the European Union of Medical Specialists is to harmonize training across Europe by creating European Training Requirements for all medical specialties including Ophthalmology. The theoretical part is already defined by the EBO, however as ophthalmology also includes surgical skills, we herein propose a surgical minimum curriculum for ophthalmology residents in Europe. National and international ophthalmic training curricula which are publicly available in English were reviewed and compared. The final proposal was created from 5 criteria: 1. Disease prevalence; 2. Patient safety; 3. Case-trainee ratio; 4. Skill transfer; and 5. Technical difficulty. In total 7 different training curricula from across the world were compared. Among the surgical procedures, cataract surgery has the highest median number of procedures required to be completed during residency: 86 procedures (50-350). Followed by oculoplastics: 28 procedures (10-40) and panretinal photocoagulation: 27.5 procedures (10-49) Full procedural competence is proposed in 9 surgical skills, including YAG laser posterior capsulotomy, retinal argon laser, intravitreal injection, corneal foreign body removal, removal of corneal sutures, facial and periocular laceration repair, eyelid laceration repair, minor eyelid procedures, and punctal occlusion. These procedures are deemed essential and feasible for all ophthalmology residents in Europe to perform independently upon completion of their training. This proposal should be regarded as a recommendation based on comparable surgical curricula in use worldwide to establish standards across European countries and may serve as valuable insight to those responsible for compiling ETRs for ophthalmology, or their national curriculums.

Legal Protection for Practice Students D3 Medical Record and Health Information UNU NTB in NTB Province Hospital

Hospitals have an obligation to provide safe, quality, anti-discriminatory and effective health services with hospital service standards. Kepmenkes No. 377 of 2007 concerning Professional Standards for Medical Recorders and Health Information. Medical Recorder and Health Information is someone who has passed the formal education of medical records and health information, has full competence, duties, responsibilities, authority and rights to carry out medical recording activities. Sari Ulina's 2008 research on a health worker who published the autopsy results of a murder victim so that he was sued in court. The purpose of this study was to find out the implementing regulations for practical students, to find out the forms of legal protection for practical students, and to find out the efforts of hospital institutions in providing legal protection to D3 RMIK UNU NTB students at the NTB Provincial Hospital. This study uses a sociological juridical approach, descriptive analytic with the types of data in the form of primary and secondary (primary legal materials), while the data collection technique is by means of interviews consisting of 4 sources where the sample selection uses purposive sampling. Based on the research results obtained, the form of regulations for implementing the practice of RMIK D3 students is in the form of SOPs with No. 047/08/15/2018 Dated 29-12-2018 which is a derivative of the director's decree No: 821/444/RSUD Prov. NTB Concerning the Enforcement of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Other Health Workers, while the form of legal protection for students is to carry out SOPs and/or rules that have been imposed by the hospital. Meanwhile, the hospital's efforts to provide legal protection for D3 RMIK UNU NTB students are by providing guidance and obeying the rules imposed by the hospital because students do not yet have the competence in carrying out the practice of medical recorders and health information.

REASONS FOR FAILURE OF AFGHANISTAN NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES

This study aims to investigate the reasons for the inadequacy of the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), formed by the multinational military force under the command of NATO. For this purpose, the security situation in Afghanistan in the last twenty years has been examined in three periods. The first period is International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) operations from 2001 to 2010. During this period, ISAF took on the task of both ensuring national security and establishing the ANSF. The second period is the “transition” period between 2011 and 2014, in which security responsibility is transferred. The last period is when ANSF assumed the responsibility of the country's security. In order to understand the security and establishment/operation processes of the ANSF in all three periods, interviews were conducted with 28 officers (currently retired) assigned to the region by the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF). According to the results, ISAF could not stop the increasing attacks of the Taliban in the first period and could not seize the military initiative. The ANSF, which was formed in this period, entered the transition period before it could gain full operational competence due to a lack of training and equipment. Hearing that the United States of America (USA) started negotiations with the Taliban during the transition period was met with suspicion in the ANSF and negatively affected the operations. In the third period when the ANSF assumed security responsibility, the Taliban attacks continued to increase, and as a result, international forces withdrew from the country in September 2021, leaving Afghanistan to the Taliban. Other factors affecting the failure of the ANSF are the inability to set law and order in the country, the inability to prevent corruption, the lack of unity and solidarity among ethnic groups, and the lack of "national consciousness"

Examining Voting Capacity in Older Adults with and without Cognitive Decline.

Nowadays, controversy exists regarding the stage of cognitive decline and/or dementia where voting capacity is diminished. To evaluate whether general cognitive status in advancing age predicts voting capacity in its specific aspects. The study sample comprised 391 people: 88 cognitively healthy older adults (CH), 150 people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and 153 people with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD). The assessment included CAT-V for the voting capacity and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) for general cognitive ability. ANOVAs and ROC curves were the tools of statistical analysis towards (a) indicating under which MMSE rate participants are incapable of voting and (b) whether the CAT-V total score can discriminate people with dementia (PwADD) from people without dementia (PwtD). Out of the six CAT-V questions, one question was associated with a low MMSE cutoff score (19.50), having excellent sensitivity (92.5%) and specificity (77.20%), whilst the other five questions presented a higher MMSE cutoff score, with a good sensitivity (78.4% to 87.6%) and specificity (75.3% to 81.7%), indicating that voting difficulties are associated with cognitive status. Secondarily, the total CAT-V score discriminates PwADD from PwtD of 51-65 years (sensitivity 93.2%/specificity 100%-excellent), PwADD from PwtD of 66-75 years (sensitivity 73.3%/specificity 97.1%-good), PwADD from PwtD of 76-85 years (sensitivity 92.2%/specificity 64.7%-good), whilst for 86-95 years, a cutoff of 9.5 resulted in perfect sensitivity and specificity (100%). According to MMSE, PwADD have no full voting competence, whilst PwtD seem to have intact voting capacity. The calculated cut-off scores indicate that only people who score more than 28 points on the MMSE have voting capacity.

Distance Training of Pragmatic Competence of Law Students via Legal Cases in an English for Specific Purposes Course

The priority of the competence approach aimed at developing professional competency of higher education students reflects the labour market need for graduates with the skills required by their speciality and relevant to the interrelated disciplines. In the case of law students, such skills include awareness of both domestic and foreign legal systems, as well as full communicative competence in the foreign language they are going to use. A key component of foreign language communicative competence is pragmatic competence—that is, knowledge about how a foreign language is used appropriately in a legal context. The research conducted contributes to the issue of pragmatic competence training by means of a practice-oriented method—that is, the case method. The significance of the case method is determined by the twofold goal of developing pragmatic competence via pseudo-real legal situations that provide students with legal knowledge, as well as stimulate them to be effective communicators in the legal sphere. The study took place at SPbPU and involved 120 s-year law students. The experiment conducted was aimed at comparing the case method and traditional methods used for teaching Legal English, particularly the first legal advice strategy—a component of pragmatic competence. A specific feature of the experiment was that it was organized in the form of distance learning. To collect and analyse the data of the study, a qualitative and a quantitative method were applied. The results of the study showed a high efficiency of the case method for fostering pragmatic competence in an ESP course for law students in comparison with traditional methods, which were not very efficient. Besides, the experiment showed that an on-line format may be an adequate methodological means of effectively achieving the goal in a foreign language training for professional needs in a course with a time limit.

The Advanced Therapies Treatment Centers and Their Network: A Model for the Accelerated Adoption of Advanced Therapies.

Emerging advanced therapies that include cell and gene therapies and tissue-engineered products offer substantial therapeutic benefits. They also present challenges for health services in their modes of delivery to patients. Funding was made available in the United Kingdom to establish three advanced therapies treatment centers and a network to coordinate their activities, supported by the Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult. The aim of this initiative was to grow the advanced therapies sector in the United Kingdom by enhancing access to the National Health Service for patients and industry through close collaboration between advanced therapy companies and publicly funded services and regulators. In this study, we describe the initiative's antecedents, its collaborative structures and management, and its activities. A guiding concept in shaping and assessing progress has been the idea of <i>institutional readiness</i>, an idea developed in the context of social sciences that defines and so can measure movement toward an organization's full competence in delivering new technologies and approaches. We also report the initiative's outcomes and impacts as assessed by ourselves and by third parties. As the initiative has progressed, it has excited increasing interest from advanced therapy companies who were not aware of or engaged in it at the outset and from health care systems that wished to learn from its practices. It is to further that end that we present our study.

PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU DI MTS NEGERI 3 MEDAN

&lt;table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="369"&gt;&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this paper is to 1) Analyze the Academic Supervision Implementation Program in Improving Teacher Performance, 2) Analyzing the Teacher Competency Test Implementation Program in Improving Teacher Performance, 3) Analyzing the Teacher Performance Assessment Implementation Program in Madrasahs. The method used is descriptive analytical method, where the researcher will describe, then analyze in depth the research findings. The results of this study are 1) Academic Supervision Implementation Program in Improving Teacher Performance, Coaching for classroom teachers is carried out in three competency areas, namely: a) Academic supervision competence, b) Education supervision competence, and c) Development research competence, 2) Implementation Program Teacher Competency Test in Teacher Performance Improvement, UKG to be able to develop and demonstrate the full competence of a teacher. Complete competence which includes combining and applying a skill, attitude and knowledge that are interrelated, 3) Implementation of Teacher Performance Assessment Program in Madrasah, The teacher performance appraisal process carried out in madrasas follows several provisions, including: (1) The assessment is carried out by the madrasa principal or the deputy head of the madrasa or a competent senior teacher, appointed by the head of the madrasa (who has attended assessment training); (2) The assessment is conducted twice a year (formative assessment at the beginning of the year and summative assessment at the end of the year); (3) The results of the formative assessment are used as the basis for the preparation of profiles and planning of the annual PKB/PKR program for teachers. (4) The results of the summative assessment are used to provide a teacher's work performance value.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="369"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Program Implementation, Teacher Improvement&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

The Role of Minimizing Residential Plot Area and Width in Characteristics of Spatial Organization for Urban House Spaces in Mosul City

The increasing costs of providing a residential unit is the main reason behind the residents well of minimizing the area of the plot which forms the big burden within the total cost. This change of the dimensions and area of the residential plot is expected to influence the functional plan of the residential unit . It is necessary to study this expected effect in creating some diversities on the functional pattern of the residential unit as a matter of fact ,which is known to be well-established with the bigger areas of the residential unit. These patterns could form new adaptations for living style towards the change in proportions and dimensions of the residential plot. Although some specialized studies have provided diverse functional patterns for functional organization following the variations of residential plot dimensions, the research points out that there is no full competence of the functional view created from the real effect of such variations, therefore the research problem is set to be" there is no clear theoretical imagination of the effects of minimizing the dimensions of residential plot on the spatial organization plans of actual residential units. The aim of the research is to limit the spatial organizations expected to emerge in actual residential units because of the variations of the dimensions of a residential plot and its ability to provide more economically appropriate models within the minimum areas the residential plot. The research hypothesizes that minimizing the width and the area of the residential plot leads to spatial organizations which form new adaptations of social needs for residents.. These six models represent the reliable areas and proportions adopted in dividing the city within applied partitions. The research the smaller residential plots, which were evaluated according to a scale to correspond with achieving the social needs within the concept of affordable residential unit.

Remediation in Practice: A Polarity to be Managed

Originally developed in the business literature, a polarity is a concept where 2 distinctive and opposing characteristics (poles), each presenting advantages and disadvantages or opportunities and pitfalls, must both be taken into account to ensure effective management of a challenging problem. Managing a polarity is a thorny endeavor because it entails striving to maximize the benefits of both poles while simultaneously minimizing or controlling the downsides of each. Previous investigations into stakeholder conceptualizations of remediation led us to suggest that remediation is framed in stakeholders' minds simultaneously as an educational endeavor (ie, the remediatee needs educational support to regain full competence) and a regulatory act (ie, the revocation of the individual's professional right to self-regulate their practice and learning). In this article, we argue that viewing remediation for practicing physicians as a polarity to be managed offers a framework that can further the conversation about how to address some of remediation's challenges.

Fenomena Praktik Ijtihad dan Taqlid dalam Pandangan Hukum Islam

This paper aims to analyze the extent of ijtihad and taqlid perspectives according to classical andcontemporary scholars. Understanding the scope of mujtahid and muqallid requirements and urgencyin Islamic Fiqh. The writing method used is a literature review method which is included in the categoryof textual historical research regarding the content of ijtihad. Sources of research through primary,secondary, and tertiary data obtained from literature, documentation, and expert opinion. The resultscan be concluded that the prospect of ijtihad in the current era is actually still wide open for thosewho have full competence, unfortunately it is still quite difficult to realize due to several obstaclesincluding one, many scholars think that after the third period the door of ijtihad has been closed, andalthough it is possible, it is possible Ijtihad is only at the level of muqayyad and not mustaqil. Two, thedifference in perspective on the boundaries of the legal object of ijtihad often creates conflicts andmakes intellectuals afraid and empty. Three, the actualization of Islamic law is still only a discoursewithout any continuity

77 Fast Track Simulation-Based Education for COVID-19 Deployment

COVID-19 created pressure on healthcare institutions to quickly prepare for maximum capacities. To meet the critical care capacity challenges, non-critical care nurses and overseas short-term temporary contracted nurses needed to be urgently deployed to the critical care units. That quick deployment and recruitment process raised concern about competence and patient safety; therefore, the deployed nurses were upskilled using fast track simulation-based education (SBE). SBE is an effective method to manage quick, focussed upskilling training, helping to improve patient care and safety The aim of the study was to explore the effectiveness of the COVID-19 SBE upskilling program on perceived satisfaction, confidence and competence of deployed nurses.Upskilling of 1200 non-critical care nurses was conducted using SBE between 14 March and 1 June 2021 during the country’s second wave of COVID-19. Training consisted of completing a mandatory 2-hour online critical care introductory module that included information on COVID-19 (the disease, pathophysiology), the critical care environment, critical care scope of service and infection control strategies. The online module was followed by 4 hours of in-person SBE using a demonstration and return demonstration approach. Considering the urgency of the situation and time constraints, skills were selected and prioritized according to patient safety and included care of the patient receiving mechanical ventilation, invasive line monitoring and care, recognition of deterioration, proning, and assessment of patient response to interventions. Post SBE, a survey was administered to collect data on the perceived satisfaction, confidence and competence of the nurses being deployed.The majority of the nurses reported confidence in their new skills (97%), while 96% perceived themselves as competent after successful completion of SBEs. The nurses were highly satisfied with the training effectiveness (92%), and 99% believed that they were able to successfully achieve the learning objectives. Specifics about perceived competence and confidence per survey item will be reported in the presentation. The SBE upskilling programme was evaluated as an effective way to learn how to manage critically ill patients.Nurses perceived themselves as confident and competent after participating in SBE. However, competence confirmation will be evaluated either in further SBE or through actual competency assessment in the clinical setting by trained competency validators. Nurses could perceive themselves as confident and competent but still perform incorrectly. Fast track SBEs should not be used to confirm full competence due to the inability to provide repetition of skills practice.

Using Expectancy Value Theory to understand motivation, persistence, and achievement in university‐level foreign language learning

AbstractMost students take language courses at university, but only a fraction go beyond the introductory and intermediate levels despite the fact that continued study is likely necessary to achieve full communicative competence in the target language. By shedding light on the motivational pathways that predict language learning effort, persistence, and achievement, motivation research can provide actionable data that can guide strategies to help students generate and maintain motivation, leading to better learning outcomes and a stronger and healthier language program for educators and administrators. This survey‐based study applied Expectancy Value Theory to understand links between motivation, persistence, and achievement in a fourth‐semester Spanish course, a critical transition point in the language curriculum. Expectancy Value Theory subcomponents showed differential relationships to willingness to communicate, enrollment choices, and final course grade. Based on this data, suggestions are offered for supporting university students' language learning interest and achievement.