Full Body Research Articles

Genes for highly abundant proteins in Escherichia coli avoid 5' codons that promote ribosomal initiation.

In many species highly expressed genes (HEGs) over-employ the synonymous codons that match the more abundant iso-acceptor tRNAs. Bacterial transgene codon randomization experiments report, however, that enrichment with such "translationally optimal" codons has little to no effect on the resultant protein level. By contrast, consistent with the view that ribosomal initiation is rate limiting, synonymous codon usage following the 5' ATG greatly influences protein levels, at least in part by modifying RNA stability. For the design of bacterial transgenes, for simple codon based in silico inference of protein levels and for understanding selection on synonymous mutations, it would be valuable to computationally determine initiation optimality (IO) scores for codons for any given species. One attractive approach is to characterize the 5' codon enrichment of HEGs compared with the most lowly expressed genes, just as translational optimality scores of codons have been similarly defined employing the full gene body. Here we determine the viability of this approach employing a unique opportunity: for Escherichia coli there is both the most extensive protein abundance data for native genes and a unique large-scale transgene codon randomization experiment enabling objective definition of the 5' codons that cause, rather than just correlate with, high protein abundance (that we equate with initiation optimality, broadly defined). Surprisingly, the 5' ends of native genes that specify highly abundant proteins avoid such initiation optimal codons. We find that this is probably owing to conflicting selection pressures particular to native HEGs, including selection favouring low initiation rates, this potentially enabling high efficiency of ribosomal usage and low noise. While the classical HEG enrichment approach does not work, rendering simple prediction of native protein abundance from 5' codon content futile, we report evidence that initiation optimality scores derived from the transgene experiment may hold relevance for in silico transgene design for a broad spectrum of bacteria.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the SIF gene and their association with growth traits in swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus)

The swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) is an economically important aquaculture species in China. Mining candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with growth traits of P. trituberculatus is of great importance for the genetic breeding of this species. Among the genes associated with growth traits, “protein still life, isoforms C/SIF type 2 (SIF)” is thought to be an important gene affecting animal growth and development. In the current study, we investigated the SIF gene from P. trituberculatus to better understand its biological function. The full-length cDNA of SIF was 6185 bp, with a 5208 bp open reading frame encoding 1735 amino acids. Homology analysis showed that SIF shared 90.07% identity with Procambarus clarkii and 40.25–86.95% with other species. Expression pattern analysis of SIF in fast- and slow-growing groups revealed a significantly higher expression level in the former than in the latter (P < 0.05). qPCR studies revealed the ubiquitous expression of SIF in seven tissues tested, but most abundantly in the heart compared with muscle, testis, ovary, seminal vesicle, gill, and hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). A total of 38 SNPs in the UTRs and exons of SIF were screened and genotyped in 184 individuals of swimming crabs by targeted resequencing. Association analysis showed that four SNPs were significantly associated with growth traits (full carapace width, carapace length, body height, and body weight; P < 0.05). Two SNPs out of the four SNPs were shaped as a haploblock containing three haplotypes (GC, TA, and TC), and the TA haplotype showed significantly higher growth traits than the GC haplotype. Overall, the results provided potential candidate genes and SNP markers for the genetic improvement of growth traits in P. trituberculatus breeding.

Detection of mecA positive staphylococcal species in a wastewater treatment plant in South Africa

We investigated the prevalence of antibiotic resistant staphylococci and detection of resistant, virulence, and Spa genes in a South African wastewater treatment plant. Species identified were Staphylococcus aureus, S. lentus, S. arlettae, S. cohnii, S. haemolyticus, S. nepalensis, S. sciuri (now Mammaliicoccus sciuri), and S. xylosus. Isolates showed high resistance to methicillin (91%), ampicillin (89%), ciprofloxacin (86%), amoxycillin (80%), ceftazidime (74%), and cloxacillin (71%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index for the isolates exceeded 0.2 (0.50–0.70). Among the isolates, 77% were mecA-positive. All S. aureus strains were positive for nuc and 7 Spa gene types. The present study highlights possibility of treated wastewaters being potential reservoir for antibiotic-resistant staphylococci. This is a cause for concern as wastewater effluents are decanted into environmental waters and these are, in many cases, used for various purposes including recreation (full contact), religious (full body submersion), and drinking water for some rural communities and water for livestock.

Radar signatures of sea lions at K‐band and W‐band

AbstractThe millimetre wave radar signatures of sea lions collected from three animals in the outdoor seal pool available at the Sea Mammal Research Unit in St Andrews in the Autumn of 2021 is reported. The objective is to study the radar amplitude and Doppler signatures of the animals when their full body or part thereof is above water, which is important for the application of autonomous marine navigation. The data was collected using 24 GHz (K‐band) and 77 GHz (W‐band) Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave radars with linear polarisation. It has been demonstrated that the sea lions were very clearly detected by the radars with Signal to Noise Ratio greater than 30 dB at a range of 40 m. The calculated modal radar cross section (RCS) of the sea lions in HH polarisation at 24 and 77 GHz vary from −48 to −26 dBsm and −48 to −28 dBsm respectively, corresponding to the different body parts and the amount of exposure to the radar beam. In VV polarisation, the modal RCS value range is from −49 to −26 dBsm and −49 to −22 dBsm respectively. The corresponding maximum RCS and the Cumulative Distribution Function results are also reported.

Targeted imaging of uPAR expression in vivo with cyclic AE105 variants

A comprehensive literature reports on the correlation between elevated levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and the severity of diseases with chronic inflammation including solid cancers. Molecular imaging is widely used as a non-invasive method to locate disease dissemination via full body scans and to stratify patients for targeted treatment. To date, the only imaging probe targeting uPAR that has reached clinical phase-II testing relies on a high-affinity 9-mer peptide (AE105), and several studies by positron emission tomography (PET) scanning or near-infra red (NIR) fluorescence imaging have validated its utility and specificity in vivo. While our previous studies focused on applying various reporter groups, the current study aims to improve uPAR-targeting properties of AE105. We successfully stabilized the small uPAR-targeting core of AE105 by constraining its conformational landscape by disulfide-mediated cyclization. Importantly, this modification mitigated the penalty on uPAR-affinity typically observed after conjugation to macrocyclic chelators. Cyclization did not impair tumor targeting efficiency of AE105 in vivo as assessed by PET imaging and a trend towards increased tracer uptake was observed. In future studies, we predict that this knowledge will aid development of new fluorescent AE105 derivatives with a view to optical imaging of uPAR to assist precision guided cancer surgery.

SAT337 Maternal Cell free DNA Testing Reveals Incidental Finding Of Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Abstract Disclosure: F. Akanbi: None. S. Raja: None. T. Else: None. Maternal Cell-free DNA Testing Reveals Incidental Adrenocortical Carcinoma IntroductionAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rare; with 1 to 2 cases per million. It is unclear if ACC in pregnancy represents a specific association though 150 cases have been reported. We report a case of ACC detected during fetal sex determination using cell free DNA (cfDNA). Case Report: A 30 year old G1P0 woman presented at GA of 25 weeks with results of non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) done for fetal sex determination, which noted atypical findings concerning for possible maternal neoplasm. Pregnancy had been uncomplicated; she had no significant past medical history or features of hypercortisolism. Family history was positive for lung and prostate cancer. Physical examination revealed healthy looking female with no Cushingoid facies, abdomen matched stated GA. Full body MRI revealed 5.5 cm right adrenal mass with lymph nodes metastases. CT-guided retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy showed ACC.She was asymptomatic with significantly elevated urine free cortisol 3648 (3.5-45 mcg/24 hour), serum cortisol 67.5 (5-25 ug/dl), 11-deoxycortisol 3910 (10-79 ng/dl), and suppressed ACTH &amp;lt;5 (5-52 pg/ml). Electrolytes were normal, DHEAS 342 (35-430 ug/dl), aldosterone &amp;lt; 3 (4-31 ng/dl), renin mass 5 (4-44pg/ml), urinary free normetanephrine 0.23 (&amp;lt; 0.9 nmol/l), urinary free metanephrine &amp;lt; 0.2 (&amp;lt; 0.5 nmol/l). MRI of the chest and brain did not show metastases. She developed at GA 29 weeks, hypertension, proteinuria, and transaminitis. Cesarean section was done at GA 30 weeks followed the next day by right adrenalectomy, IVC repair and retroperitoneal lymph node resection. Pathology showed high-grade adrenal cortical carcinoma (12 cm size) with negative margins, vascular invasion and lymph node involvement (T3, N1, M0), no caval involvement, stage III ACC. During chemotherapy planning, metastases were noted, mitotane and pembrolizumab were initiated, but discontinued after 2 cycles on account of generalized rash and elevated liver enzymes. The tumor progressed on etoposide, doxorubicin and cisplatin (EDP), and second line therapy (gemcitabine and capecitabine) was initiated. Conclusion: Physiologic changes of pregnancy mimic clinical features of ACC and pregnancy associated changes in the HPA axis also make ACC diagnosis challenging. Short fragments of DNA (cfDNA) released into the maternal bloodstream can be detected after 7 weeks of gestation. Approximately 2-20% of total cfDNA is placental, it is used for sex determination and detection of congenital genetic abnormalities, cfDNA can also originate from maternal neoplasms and has been shown to detect lung, breast and colon while case series in patients with ACC showed detection of only 1 out of 3 cases. Surgery remains first line therapy for ACC, but adjuvant therapy, surveillance and hormone replacement are also vital in ACC management. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome after Correction of Hyponatremia

Osmotic demyelination syndrome is a rare neurological disease resulting in cerebral apoptosis and loss of myelin due to osmotic stress. Based on anatomical localization and pathological attributes, ODS can be categorized as Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM) and Extrapontine Myelinolysis (EPM). It has a biphasic course, with first phase reflecting electrolyte imbalance and the second with pontine dysfunction, impaired vigilance and movement disorders. In an autopsy-based study, a prevalence rate of 0.25–0.5% was seen in the general population and 10% in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Being a rare disease with variable, but preventable outcome, the present case was managed with Ayurvedic oral medication and Panchakarma therapy with an aim to improve the quality of life. In Ayurvedic perspective, Vata kshaya lakshanas occur during the phase of hyponatremia and further correction of this leads to disruption of osmolality (Kapha pitta accumulation) resulting in Avarana of Vata. This may be the reason for demyelination and localisation of Vata in Sira and Snayu leading to Sira snayu shoshana on both halves of the body resulting in Sarvangaroga (full body afflicted with Vata). Thus Avaranahara, Srotosodhana and Vatanulomana principles were adopted. An improvement in Barthel index and modified rankin scale were observed after a course of treatment for 30 days.

SAT559 Challenges Involved in Managing a Paraplegic Patient with Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer Requiring Radioactive Iodine Therapy

Abstract Disclosure: G. Al-Naqeeb: None. E. Munger: None. P. Veeraraghavan: None. C. Cochran: None. P. Bernaldez: None. P. Wong: None. N. Devaraj: None. T. Fisher: None. K. Lee: None. O. Owoade: None. I. Jones: None. S. Gubbi: None. J. Klubo-Gwiezdzinska: None. Background: High radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy doses utilized for treating thyroid cancer patients require a 24-48-hour radiation isolation period until the total effective dose equivalent exposure (TEDE) to the general population does not exceed 5mSv. We present a unique scenario of a paraplegic patient with metastatic papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) requiring RAI therapy and the radiation precaution strategies implemented by our team to reduce radiation exposure risk to the medical staff.A 69-year-old female with RAI-refractory tall cell-variant PTC (pT4aN1bM1; BRAF V600E pathogenic variant) with pulmonary metastases, paraplegia due to a motor vehicle accident with neurogenic bowel and bladder, was referred to our center for management of PTC. Laboratory data revealed a serum thyroglobulin of 2313 ng/mL (normal=1.6-59.9), and anatomical imaging showed numerous pulmonary nodules that had increased in size and number compared to prior imaging from 6 months ago. Due to disease progression, re-differentiation therapy with dabrafenib was initiated. After 3-months of dabrafenib therapy, a diagnostic thyroid hormone withdrawal-aided 131I scan with dosimetry revealed a significant re-induction of RAI uptake in pulmonary lesions and it was determined that therapy with an RAI dose of 200 mCi would not exceed a safe radiation exposure to the bone marrow of 200 rads. A multi-step mitigation strategy was developed based on a multidisciplinary team meeting and appropriate mock sessions. Stay times were estimated for individuals based on historical TEDE following the care of non-paralyzed patients receiving similarly prescribed activity. To minimize exposure to nursing staff, the patient’s Foley catheter was shielded with lead lining and bowels were emptied the night before RAI with a laxative. For each entry, posted safety sheets were updated with one-foot and one-meter isodose lines and on-contact exposure rates. Two nurses and one radiation safety staff member donned full personal protective equipment (PPE; full body suit, double gloves, booties, face covering) in the staging area and entered via lane one. While nursing provided direct care needs, radiation safety staff emptied the shielded catheter, organized clutter and packaged radioactive waste containers. Upon completion of duties, staff exited via lane two, removed PPE, and performed a full personnel contamination survey in the staging area. The patient successfully underwent RAI therapy with 200 mCi. Six months later the serum thyroglobulin had reduced to 48.4ng/ml with a substantial reduction in pulmonary metastatic tumor burden on imaging studies. Conclusion: Post-RAI therapy care of paralyzed patients during radiation isolation poses a unique challenge to medical staff warranting modifications in routine care practices, which can be achieved safely through optimal planning and enhanced training. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Mycosis Fungoides Palmaris et Plantaris Progressing to Complete Early-Stage Disease Improved with Phototherapy

Mycosis fungoides is the most common form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. In this article, the authors describe a case of a 53-year-old female who presented with multiple pruritic, slightly erythematous and hyperpigmented, variably shaped macules, and patches and plaques, with scaling on the bilateral hands and feet. The lesions resembled various benign inflammatory dermatoses, such as contact dermatitis and superficial dermatophytosis, and were treated as such until hyperpigmented, variably shaped macules and patches appeared on the legs and with a bathing trunk distribution. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with early mycosis fungoides. The patient has improved with full body narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy, combined with a psoralen ultraviolet A soak for the hands and feet. This case highlights the importance for physicians to recognise that mycosis fungoides may occur with different presentations, and may not present in its classic form. The patient’s quality of life may be improved with early diagnosis.

SAT534 A Rare Case of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer With Extraordinary Limitations to Treatment

Abstract Disclosure: N. Shahid: None. L. Rudman: None. H. Maldonado Rivera: None. J. Chambi-Torres: None. J.A. Gonzalez: None. S. Valepu: None. A. Barco: None. N.H. Shaaban: None. E. Angueira: None. Background: Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) is a rare and aggressive form of follicular epithelial cell derived thyroid carcinoma, representing 3-5% of all thyroid cancers. As a subtype, PDTC is in a category that is between well differentiated thyrocyte malignancies and undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid carcinomas. Current guidelines for treatment of PDTC are not well defined. Case presentation: A 56-year-old male with a history of PDTC was admitted to the hospital directly from a correctional facility due to concern for metastasis. Patient had a total thyroidectomy performed just two months ago that revealed PDTC on surgical pathology. Recommendations at that time were to complete a full body PET-CT and follow up with radiation oncology for radiation and chemotherapy. Patient was also discharged on Synthroid 175 mcg daily for TSH suppression. However, the patient did not have any follow up appointments scheduled while at the facility. PET-CT showed stable FDG avid 2.4 cm lower right neck mass and 2 cm focus of mildly increased activity in the right lobe of the liver. On admission, a triple phase MRI liver protocol was ordered and showed a 15 mm hepatic lesion that was arterially enhancing with persistent enhancement in venous and delayed phase without dropping signal on T2 fat and additional hyperintensity on T2. Bilateral 1.7 cm adrenal nodule was also identified with relative hypointensity on T2. FNA of right neck mass was performed but did not yield sufficient tissue for pathology. Subsequent right neck exploration and skin biopsies were obtained and revealed benign fibroadipose tissue with focal fat necrosis in the thyroid and lobular capillary hemangioma in right back, left chest, and right abdomen. Patient’s status as an inmate continued to delay radiation and chemotherapy for PDTC with possible metastasis. The decision was made with the hematology/oncology inpatient consult team to perform RAI treatment with 138 mCI of I-131. Synthroid was held in anticipation of the RAI and whole body scan was ordered for 1 week after administration of I-131. Post ablation whole body scan showed intense radiotracer uptake over the region of the left and right thyroid glands and normal uptake in the stomach, small bowel, and urinary bladder. No other areas of radiotracer uptake were found. Conclusion: Diagnosis and treatment of PDTC is challenging and the social constraints as an inmate make it even more difficult to initiate appropriate therapy with radiation oncology follow up. Our case illustrates the implications of RAI ablation after total thyroidectomy in staging and therapy of PDTC. Given the intermediate histologic characteristics of PDTC, further investigation is required in the setting of metastasis and exploration of the benefits of early aggressive therapy, such as external beam radiotherapy. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Technical note: A collision prediction tool using Blender.

Non-coplanar radiotherapy treatment techniques on C-arm linear accelerators have the potential to reduce dose to organs-at-risk in comparison with coplanar treatment techniques. Accurately predicting possible collisions between gantry, table and patient during treatment planning is needed to ensure patient safety. We offer a freely available collision prediction tool using Blender, a free and open-source 3D computer graphics software toolset. A geometric model of a C-arm linear accelerator including a library of patient models is created inside Blender. Based on the model, collision predictions can be used both to calculate collision-free zones and to check treatment plans for collisions. The tool is validated for two setups, once with and once without a full body phantom with the same table position. For this, each gantry-table angle combination with a 2° resolution is manually checked for collision interlocks at a TrueBeam system and compared to simulated collision predictions. For the collision check of a treatment plan, the tool outputs the minimal distance between the gantry, table and patient model and a video of the movement of the gantry and table, which is demonstrated for one use case. A graphical user interface allows user-friendly input of the table and patient specification for the collision prediction tool. The validation resulted in a true positive rate of 100%, which is the rate between the number of correctly predicted collision gantry-table combinations and the number of all measured collision gantry-table combinations, and a true negative rate of 89%, which is the ratio between the number of correctly predicted collision-free combinations and the number of all measured collision-free combinations. A collision prediction tool is successfully created and able to produce maps of collision-free zones and to test treatment plans for collisions including visualisation of the gantry and table movement.

Performance Level Affects Full Body Kinematics and Spatiotemporal Parameters in Trail Running-A Field Study.

Trail running is an emerging discipline with few studies performed in ecological conditions. The aim of this work was to investigate if and how biomechanics differ between more proficient (MP) and less proficient (LP) trail runners. Twenty participants (10 F) were recruited for a 9.1 km trail running time trial wearing inertial sensors. The MP athletes group was composed of the fastest five men and the fastest five women. Group differences in spatiotemporal parameters and leg stiffness were tested with the Mann-Whitney U-test. Group differences in joint angles were tested with statistic parametric mapping. The finish time was 51.1 ± 6.3 min for the MP athletes and 60.0 ± 5.5 min for the LP athletes (p < 0.05). Uphill sections: The MP athletes expressed a tendency to higher speed that was not significant (p > 0.05), achieved by combining higher step frequency and higher step length. They showed a tendency to shorter contact time, lower duty factor and longer flight time that was not significant (p > 0.05) as well as significantly lower knee flexion during the stance phase (p < 0.05). Downhill sections: The MP athletes achieved significantly higher speed (p < 0.05) through higher step length only. They showed significantly higher knee and hip flexion during the swing phase as well as higher trunk rotation and shoulder flexion during the stance phase (p < 0.05). No differences were found with respect to leg stiffness in the uphill or downhill sections (p > 0.05). In the uphill sections, the results suggest lower energy absorption and more favorable net mechanical work at the knee joint for the MP athletes. In the downhill sections, the results suggest that the more efficient motion of the swing leg in the MP athletes could increase momentum in the forward direction and full body center of mass' velocity at toe off, thus optimizing the propulsion phase.

Idiopathic UV-Induced Steven Johnson Syndrome: A Case Report

A 31 year old male presented to the emergency room with a full body rash and sores in the mouth and groin. The patient also admitted to a fever of 101 degrees Fahrenheit, sore throat, and body aches four days prior to presentation. Strep test was negative and patient was suspected for mononucleosis due to presence of a nutmeg rash. Upon examination, the patient exhibited erythema in his eyes, suggesting ocular involvement. Examination of the lips and oropharynx revealed heme crusting and erosions. The patient’s trunk displayed central scattered erythema, with photodistributed erythema on his neck and head. The patient was not currently on any medication. Previous cases have shown SJS as a result of medication or infections, however the manifestation of SJS after sun exposure is unique to the literature. This case provides valuable insights into idiopathic UV-induced SJS and the impact/importance of rapid treatment on various forms of SJS.

The third-person perspective full-body illusion induced by visual-tactile stimulation in virtual reality for stroke patients

This paper attempts to induce the third-person perspective full body illusion (3PP-FBI) with virtual reality (VR) in stroke patients. Nineteen individuals with stroke were recruited. The 3PP-FBI induction method, which was well-established in healthy individuals, using synchronous visual-tactile stimulation on one body part was used. Questionnaire scores and proprioceptive drift values were collected under different conditions for characterizing the induced 3PP-FBI. Results showed that synchronous visual-tactile stimulation of a single body part (back or upper limb) was sufficient to elicit 3PP-FBI in stroke patients, forming a sense of ownership (SOO) over the entire virtual body. Moreover, the intensity of 3PP-FBI was stronger when the back was stimulated, compared to stimulating the impaired upper limb. This study demonstrated the viability of visual-guided rehabilitation training while having a SOO to a virtual body from the third-person perspective, in anticipation of achieving better rehabilitation outcome for movements beyond the first-person perspective.

Effect of Torso Boundary Conditions on Spine Kinematic and Injury Responses in Head-First Impact Assessed with a 50th Percentile Male Human Body Model

&lt;div&gt;Computational and experimental studies have been undertaken to investigate injurious head-first impacts (HFI), which can occur during automotive rollovers. Recent studies assume a torso surrogate mass (TSM) boundary condition, wherein the first or first two thoracic vertebrae are potted and constrained to only move in the vertical loading direction. The TSM boundary condition has not been compared with a full body (FB) model computationally or experimentally for HFI. In this study, the Global Human Body Models Consortium 50th percentile male detailed human body model (M50-O, Version 6.0) was applied to compare the kinematic, kinetic, and injury response of an HFI with a TSM boundary condition (M50-TSM), and a full body boundary condition (M50-FB). Impacts (to M50-TSM and M50-FB) were simulated between the head and a rigid plate using a commercial FE code (LS-DYNA). The impact velocity of 3.1 m/s corresponded to the onset of spinal injury in diving reconstructions, and the impact velocity reported in experiments. The TSM boundary condition was simulated by applying a mass of 16 kg to the first thoracic vertebra (T1), and constraining motion to only the vertical direction. A quantitative comparison of the head and spine impact forces, spine kinematics, and prediction of hard tissue fracture was reported. The M50-TSM model demonstrated a 53.4% lower (straighter) spinal curvature 10 ms after impact, compared to the M50-FB. The lower curvature of the M50-TSM resulted in higher neck loads during that timeframe (2.26 kN M50-TSM, 1.44 kN M50-FB). The resulting hard tissue fracture in M50-TSM was attributed to direct compression at an early time (&amp;lt;5 ms) in the impact, while M50-FB demonstrated compression-extension fractures later (&amp;gt;16 ms) in the simulation. It was concluded that kinematics, kinetics, and injury response differed for the TSM and FB boundary conditions, and therefore these conditions are critical to consider when investigating HFI.&lt;/div&gt;

Effects of a full-body electrostimulation garment application in a cohort of subjects with cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and stroke on upper motor neuron syndrome symptoms.

Dysfunction of the central nervous system may inflict spastic movement disorder (SMD). Electrical stimuli were identified as promising therapeutic option. Electrical stimulation provided by a 58-electrode full body garment was investigated based on data from regular trial fittings. Data from 72 testees were investigated. Age averages 36.6 (19.8) ys with 44 females. The cohort spans infantile cerebral paresis (CP) (n=29), multiple sclerosis (MS) (n=23) and stroke (n=20). Data were stratified by etiology and an entry BBS Score<45. Effect sizes (Cohen`s d) related BBS, TUG, FGA, 10mWT, WMFT, EQ5D5L and Pain. Significance levels are indicated by *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001, (t): p<0.1: CP: 1.64***, 0.29*, 1.59***, 0.76(t), 1.00***, 0.5*, 1.28***; MS: 1.83***, 0.83***, 1.28**, 1.07***, 0.93*, 1,11**, 0.78*; Stroke: 1.28**, 0.78**, 0.89, 0.92**, 0.71, 1.26*, 0.78*. Multi-site transcutaneous electrical stimulation may increase ambulation related skills in subjects with SMD stemming from CP, MS and stroke. The results indicate effects on static and dynamic balance, fall risk, mobility, upper extremity improvement and an overall increase in health utility and a reduction in spasticity related pain. Effects are immediate as well as sustained. These results may inspire individual trial fittings and inform further controlled trials.

Greater interpersonal distance in adults with autism.

Social interactions are often shaped by the space we prefer to maintain between us and others, that is, interpersonal distance. Being too distant or too close to a stranger can often be perceived as odd, and lead to atypical social interactions. This calibration of appropriate interpersonal distance thus constitutes an important social skill. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, hereafter autism) often experience difficulties with this skill, and anecdotal accounts suggest atypical interpersonal distances in their social interactions. In the current study, we systematically measured interpersonal distance in individuals with autism using immersive virtual reality (IVR) to recreate a naturalistic interaction with a full body avatar of a similar age. Participants observed their own virtual body in first-person perspective, and the other avatar in two tasks: in the first task, they approached the other avatar (active), in the second one they were approached by the other avatar (passive). Two groups of neurotypical and autistic adults, performed both tasks. Autistic adults showed greater interpersonal distance when compared to non-autistic adults. Additionally, the difference between the passive and active conditions was smaller for non-autistic compared to autistic adults. Across the full sample, greater interpersonal distance was associated with higher autism-related traits. This study provides systematic evidence for greater interpersonal distance in autistic adults using a paradigm with high ecological validity and can be useful in informing the design of appropriate environmental adjustments for shared spaces.

41819 Self Skin Exams and Full Body Skin Exams In Patients with Disabilities

41819 Self Skin Exams and Full Body Skin Exams In Patients with Disabilities

43251 Duration of acceptable delay until subsequent full body skin examination, given prior history of skin cancer or lesions suspicious for skin cancer

43251 Duration of acceptable delay until subsequent full body skin examination, given prior history of skin cancer or lesions suspicious for skin cancer

Phenotyping patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty with full body clinical gait analysis

Phenotyping patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty with full body clinical gait analysis