Full Body Harness Research Articles

Full-Body Harness versus Waist Belt: An Examination of Force Production and Pain during an Isoinertial Device Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction.

This study examined the differences in participant force production and pain between a squat maximal voluntary isometric contraction (IMVIC) performed with either a waist belt (WB) or full-body harness (FBH) on the Desmotec D.EVO isoinertial device (D.EVO). Agreement between FBH IMVIC and a traditional force plate squat MVIC (TMVIC) was also assessed. Twenty adults completed FBH, WB, and TMVIC assessments on two separate occasions. Two-way treatment x time ANOVAs were conducted to compare force outputs and pain between treatments (FBH vs. WB) across time. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Associations between outcomes were determined using Pearson's r. Standard error of estimate, constant error, total error, and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement between IMVIC and TMVIC. FBH and WB IMVIC exhibited good to excellent reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.889-0.994) and strong associations (r = 0.813 and 0.821, respectively) when compared to TMVIC. However, agreement between FBH and TMVIC was poor. No significant interaction or main effects were observed for pain. FBH maximum isometric force (MIF) was significantly higher than WB MIF. WB IMVIC was the only significant predictor of TMVIC (R2 = 0.674). Our findings indicate that the D.EVO should not be utilized as a replacement for a traditional MVIC setup.

Hazard Control Working at Height at PT Wijaya Karya Bangunan Gedung Tbk. Halim High-Speed Train Construction Project

PT Wijaya karya Bangunan Gedung Tbk. Halim High-Speed Train Project is a company engaged in construction, investment, and concessions. Engaged in the construction sector certainly has a high potential for danger and danger factors. One of them was an accident caused by working at a height. Therefore, it is important to control the danger of working at height to prevent and control the danger of height. This study uses field observation methods, literature studies, and interviews to determine how the hazard control program works at height. The hazard control program for working at height at PT Wijaya Karya Bangunan Gedung Tbk, Halim High-Speed Train Project has been by the regulation of the Minister of Manpower No. 9 of 2016, among others. Fit to work, toolbox meeting inspection, Scaffolding and Full Body Harness. At PT Wijaya Karya Bangunan Gedung Tbk, The halim high-speed train project has procedures related to the Control of work hazards at height, namely the height work safety procedure No. WIKA-BG-PDSMM-IK-26. PT Wijaya Karya Bangunan Gedung Tbk. Halim High-Speed Train Project, but there are still problems related to the lack of supervision of work safety equipment and lack of training for workers related to high-altitude work.

산업용 전신 하네스 설계를 위한 치수 체계 제안

Background/Objectives: Industrial harness designs have traditionally prioritized safety and protection against physical impact while giving limited consideration to the wearer's body shape. To enhance the comfort of industrial harnesses, this study proposes domestic industrial harness sizing systems based on an analysis of Korean anthropometric measurements.
 Methods: Data from the 8th Size Korea anthropometric report(2020-2023) were utilized to propose sizing systems tailored to the Korean body type for industrial harness products. Dimensional analysis involved the direct measurement data of adult men and women aged 20 to 59. The sizing systems of commercially available industrial harnesses were also examined. The product from domestic brand with 3 sizes was selected as a representative design for further analysis.
 Results: Through an analysis of waist circumference frequency dis tribution, three sizes were determined: S (66- 161), M (81- 166), and L (96- 172).
 Conclusion/Implications: The industrial full body harness sizing system proposed in this study, based on Korean anthropometric measurements, is expected to enhance the fit of harnesses. Furthermore, this study is expected to offer essential data for establishing a rational sizing system from a producer's perspective. This research is significant as it represents the first effort to establish sizing systems for Koreans in full body harness design. Furthermore, it is anticipated that full body harness product designs using this system will not only improve user satisfaction with fit but also enhance ergonomic suitability.

Dorsal suspension in full-body harnesses: Comparison of perceived discomfort, pressure and physiological response

Falls from height are still a major occupational hazard, particularly in the construction industry, where it is the leading cause of fatal injuries. When opting for personal fall arrest systems, the use of a safety harness is mandatory. Following a fall arrest, motionless suspension in a full-body harness can be hazardous and lead to death. This paper investigates the effect of harness type, gender, and somatotype on perceived discomfort, the pressure exerted by the harness straps, and the evolution of physiological parameters in motionless suspension.For this study, 30 male and 30 female students (10 ectomorph, 10 mesomorph, and 10 endomorph for each gender) were suspended for a maximum of ten minutes from the dorsal D-ring, in four different harnesses. The selected harnesses for this study are commercially available, one of them is X-configuration, another is Y-configuration, and the other two are the more traditional H-configuration. The results show that the H-configuration harnesses, which are very common in the industry and often the cheapest models, are perceived as the least tolerable in suspension. Moreover, H-configuration harnesses lead to greater reduction in muscular blood oxygenation and greater increase in the heart rate, which could make this type of harness hazardous. The Y-configuration harness seems to be the best performer in suspension. The influence of the sub-pelvic strap on suspension tolerance is not very clear and could be studied further. Those results could be useful to develop new harness models that would increase the suspension time tolerance.

FE Investigation into Manufacturing- and Design-Related Issues Contributing to the Failure of a Climbing Treestand

The foot platform of a climbing treestand fractured while a user was standing on it in the process of secur-ing his harness to a tree. Analysis of the frame’s fracture surface revealed a manufacturing defect in the form of a ¼-inch diameter hole next to the fracture area, likely created during the welding process. To prove that this defect was the proximate cause of the treestand’s failure (under reasonably expected and foreseeable use conditions), a series of tests on exemplar treestands as well as finite element analysis were performed. It was concluded that the defect reduced the fracture toughness of the treestand by 40%. In addition, it was found that the manufacturer failed to account for additional stress caused by dynamic loading experienced during normal use. The authors opined that both the reduced strength and the omission of dynamic loading in the de-sign resulted in the treestand’s frame failure. Appropriateness of the manufacturer’s reliance on users always wearing their full body harness is also discussed. This paper examines the contribution of the drilled hole to the integrity and suitability of the ASTM-required Factor of Safety (FOS) of 2.

Analisis Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja (K3) dengan metode Hazard Identification, Risk Assesment and Risk Control (HIRARC) pada unit Kiln PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Pabrik Tuban

Occupational safety and health is a program created in an effort to prevent work accidents and occupational diseases. The goal is to create a comfortable, safe, and healthy workplace so that it can reduce the risk of work accidents as much as possible. The method used in reducing the risk of work accidents at PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. The Tuban factory, namely the HIRARAC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Control) method, After conducting the research, there are several sources of danger that exist in the kiln unit, namely operating the kiln when the percentage of carbon dioxide is high, replacing burnerheads, operating belt conveyors, repairing electrical panels, checking kiln shell inlets, breaking dead-end production lines, and adding chemical mixtures. Then they carried out risk management efforts to reduce the risk of workplace accidents. Risk control measures are guided by the control hierarchy, namely by means of elimination, substitution, design, administration, and PPE. Risk control that has been carried out is by installing and complying with safety lines, barricades, safety signs, and using PPE, including safety helmets, safety shoes, hand gloves, a full body harness, safety goggles, fire-resistant clothing (nomex), and respirators.

ASSISTIVE PARTIAL LIMB EXOSKELETON (APLE)

The objective of this project is to develop a robotic orthosis using non-invasive sensors and motors to facilitate enhanced musculoskeletal function of the lower and upper forearm. The way to achieve it is by developing a partial exoskeleton using a digital servomotor located at the elbow joint of the arm, as well as a combination of surface electromyography (EMG), strain gauges, linear displacement sensors, and potentiometer sensors. The target consumer of this product would be hospitals to treat patients that suffer from injuries and diseases such as spinal cord injuries (SCI) or ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. As the sensors detect electrical signals to the muscles of a patient, the motor would assist in extending and contracting the arm. The use of linear displacement sensors would aid in monitoring the range of the movement and regulate the movement of the motor, as not to overextend the patient’s axis of rotation. Developing a partial exoskeleton not only simplifies the construction and reduces the price, but it also acts as a framework for independently functioning limbs. Rather than using a full body harness, one can use the partial exoskeleton to help the body to do physical exercises.

Fatal and non-fatal injuries due to suspension trauma syndrome: A systematic review of definition, pathophysiology, and management controversies.

Suspension trauma syndrome is a life-threatening event that occurs when a person is "trapped" in a prolonged passive suspension. It is most commonly seen in people who engage in occupational or sport activities that require harness suspension. The aim of this study is to identify the predisposing factors, pathophysiology, and management of suspension trauma. A review and analysis of the literature published in English and Spanish from 1972 to 2020 on suspension trauma were performed. Search sources were PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, MeSH, UpToDate, and Google Scholar. Articles referring to suspension trauma associated with other injury mechanisms (traumatic impact injuries, drowning, asphyxiation, or bleeding), case reports, and pediatric population were excluded. Forty-one articles were identified. Of these, 29 articles related to mechanism, pathophysiology, and management of individuals who suffered prolonged suspension trauma without associated traumatic injuries were included in the study. We encountered several controversies describing the putative pathophysiology, ranging from blood sequestration in the lower extremities versus accumulation of metabolic waste and hyperkalemia to dorsal hook-type harness as a trigger cause of positional asphyxia; to vascular compression of femoral vessels exerted by the harness causing decreased venous return. Pstients suspended in a full-body harness with dorsal hook showed more hemodynamic alterations in response to the compressive effect on the rib cage, causing a reduction in perfusion by presenting a decrease in pulse pressure. Management strategies varied across studies. Progress has been made in individualizing the population at risk and in the management of suspension trauma. We recommend the formation of consensus definitions, larger cohort or registry studies to be conducted, and experimental animal models to better understand the mechanisms in order to develop management and life support guidelines from a trauma and emergency medicine perspective.

Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Penggunaan Full Body Harness di Proyek Pembangunan Apartemen oleh PT. X

Working at height is an important component in construction work, using a Full Body Harness (FBH) to prevent the risk of falling from a height. Needs an effort to control accidents in the workplace, that is by using an FBH. This study aims To see and learn the factors related to the behavior of the workers at height in using an FBH in the apartment project of X Company. This study method Using a cross-sectional design. Using a total sampling of 65 workers. This research shows that 81,5% using an FBH. There is a correlation between knowledge (p-value=0,001), attitude (p-value=0,001), OSH training (p-value=0,001), and the availability of FBH (p-value=0,001), but there is no correlation between the level of education (p-value=1,000), and work period with the behavior of using an FBH. There is a correlation between behavior, OSH training, availability of FBH on apartment project at X Company of 2020. The worker should use their knowledge and behavior that are received from OSH training and the company must keep the availability of FBH for workers so it will support the worker's behavior in using an FBH.

Effects of full body harness design on fall arrest performance

The use of personal protective equipment, including a safety harness, is one of the basic methods of protection against falls from a height. The presented studies, using an anthropomorphic dummy, identified the effect on the human body of the dangerous phenomena accompanying safety harness performance during fall arrest. The displacement of the dummy in the safety harness, the mutual displacement of the adjustment buckles and the webbing of the harness, the tightening of the straps on the dummy and the impacts exerted on the head of the dummy by the harness elements were considered. The correlation between the design of the safety harness and the parameters and phenomena in question has been demonstrated. It has been shown that for the purposes of assessment of novel harness designs it is necessary to carry out studies utilizing an anthropomorphic dummy in addition to resistance tests.

Microgravity and Hypergravity Induced by Parabolic Flight Differently Affect Lumbar Spinal Stiffness.

The objective of this study was to determine the response of the lumbar spinal motor control in different gravitational conditions. This was accomplished by measuring indicators of lumbar motor control, specifically lumbar spinal stiffness, activity of lumbar extensor and flexor muscles and lumbar curvature, in hypergravity and microgravity during parabolic flights. Three female and five male subjects participated in this study. The mean age was 35.5 years (standard deviation: 8.5 years). Spinal stiffness of the L3 vertebra was measured using impulse response; activity of the erector spinae, multifidi, transversus abdominis, and psoas muscles was recorded using surface electromyography; and lumbar curvature was measured using distance sensors mounted on the back-plate of a full-body harness. An effect of gravity condition on spinal stiffness, activity of all muscles assessed and lumbar curvature (p’s < 0.007) was observed (Friedman tests). Post hoc analysis showed a significant reduction in stiffness during hypergravity (p < 0.001) and an increase in stiffness during microgravity (p < 0.001). Activity in all muscles significantly increased during hypergravity (p’s < 0.001). During microgravity, the multifidi (p < 0.002) and transversus abdominis (p < 0.001) increased significantly in muscle activity while no significant difference was found for the psoas (p = 0.850) and erector spinae muscles (p = 0.813). Lumbar curvature flattened in hypergravity as well as microgravity, albeit in different ways: during hypergravity, the distance to the skin decreased for the upper (p = 0.016) and the lower sensor (p = 0.036). During microgravity, the upper sensor showed a significant increase (p = 0.016), and the lower showed a decrease (p = 0.005) in distance. This study emphasizes the role of spinal motor control adaptations in changing gravity conditions. Both hypergravity and microgravity lead to changes in spinal motor control. The decrease in spinal stiffness during hypergravity is interpreted as a shift of the axial load from the spine to the pelvis and thoracic cage. In microgravity, activity of the multifidi and of the psoas muscles seems to ensure the integrity of the spine. Swiss (BASEC-NR: 2018-00051)/French “EST-III” (Nr-ID-RCB: 2018-A011294-51/Nr-CPP: 18.06.09).

New test method with a Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Dummy for Textile Safety Harnesses

A full body harness is a basic component of personal fall arrest equipment. It is made from webbing connected by seams and metal fittings to firmly hold and support the user’s body. The paper proposes a new method for full body harness testing using a Hybrid III anthropomorphic dummy; also the design of the experimental stand and software used are described. The method analyses the behaviour of a dummy during a fall arrest under well-defined conditions. The critical mechanical factors measured during the study presented were: the head acceleration, forces acting on the spine, the position of the dummy, the impacts of harness elements to the head, etc. The tests identified some potentially dangerous phenomena associated with falls from a height. The harness testing method developed turned out to be a valuable tool that should be applied in conjunction with existing strength testing methods.

Field-Based and Lab-Based Assisted Jumping: Unveiling the Testing and Training Implications.

Purpose: Assisted jumping can supplement resistance training and traditional plyometric training to increase vertical jump performance. However, as coaches may choose to make field-based decisions based on lab-based research, this study determined whether a field-based assisted jumping set-up results in different ground contact times (CT), take off forces (TOF), flight times (FT), and impact forces (IF) compared to a lab-based set-up.Methods: Eighteen active males (24.8 ± 3.0 yr; 178.8 ± 7.8 cm; 77.8 ± 7.8 kg) performed two sessions of assisted jumping: one with each hand holding a commercially available resistance band (1m) that was attached to a pull-up bar (FIELD), and the other with assistance from a custom-built system of ropes, pulleys, and long (3 m) elastic bands (LAB). With each set-up, subjects performed five sets of five countermovement jumps on a force plate. Each set was performed with either bodyweight (BW), 90, 80, 70, or 60% of BW, which was achieved by either grabbing higher or lower on the bands during FIELD, or by being pulled upward via a full-body harness during LAB. The order of each visit was counter-balanced, and the order of jumps within each visit was quasi-randomized. Data from the 90, 80, 70, and 60% trials for each set-up were then expressed relative to the data of BW jumps, and these relative values were then used for analysis.Results: CTFIELD was less than CTLAB at 80, 70, and 60%. FTFIELD was greater than FTLAB at 90 and 80%, but FTLAB became greater at 60%. TOF and IF remained unchanged during LAB, but TOFFIELD was consistently less than TOF during BW, with IFFIELD generally being greater than IFLAB.Conclusion: If the purpose of assisted jumping is to spend less time on the ground without decreasing force, systems with finite adjustments and longer bands like LAB should be used. However, shorter bands similar to FIELD may also be used; but due to the larger variability of assistance throughout the range of motion, such systems may alter the neuromuscular characteristics of the jump in other ways that should be investigated in future research.

Development of an observational checklist for falling risk assessment of high-voltage transmission tower construction workers

Falls from elevation have been reported to cause the highest number of fatalities in the Taiwan construction industry, accounting for 43.53% of all construction worker fatalities for the period from 2006 to 2015, inclusive. High-voltage transmission tower construction is a high-risk operation due to the construction site locations, extreme climatic factors, elevated working surfaces, and narrow working space. However, the factors contributing to the risk of falls in high-voltage transmission tower construction work have not been characterized. This paper describes the development and application of an observational checklist for assessing exposure to fall risks. Three contributing factors, movement, stability, and fall protection measures, were characterized based on the suggestions of ergonomic experts, interviews of supervisors and workers, and on-site observations. Inter-observer reliability test results showed that inter-observer reliability of the observational checklist was acceptable to excellent. A pilot study assessing five primary construction operations suggested that position shifting, wherein workers were found to have frequent exposure to the whole-body movement level and spent the least time in a tied-off full body harness, was the operation with the highest fall risk. These results demonstrated that the observational checklist can be used to identify specific construction operations with fall hazards.

Analysis of hazards associated with injuries to the employee’s head during fall arrest

A fall from a height is one of the most serious hazards faced by employees in the work environment. It is present mostly at workstations in such industries as construction, power engineering, mining, storage, etc. Using individual protective equipment against falls from a height is a basic method of protecting workers under such conditions. The choice of this method carries specific risks associated with the functioning of equipment during fall arrest. Hitting elements of the workstation during fall arrest associated with pendulum movement is a very serious threat. This paper presents conditions which trigger pendulum movement during fall arrest and the positions which a human equipped with a full body harness can assume then. Potential effects of the impact of the head against an obstacle during pendulum movement are discussed on the basis of the results of research with an anthropomorphic dummy. The article discusses methods of preventing swing movement and ways of mitigating the effects of collisions with obstacles within the workstation. It also presents the basic requirements for protective helmets intended for use with individual protection equipment against falls from a height.

The recovery response to a novel unannounced laboratory-induced slip: The “first trial effect” in older adults

BackgroundAfter a single slip, older adults rapidly make adaptive changes to avoid or eliminate further backward loss of balance or a fall. This rapid adaptation has been termed the “single trial effect”. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the motor errors subjects experienced upon a novel slip and the selection and execution of corrective response by which they modified their ongoing gait pattern and turned it into a protective step. MethodsA forward slip was induced in the laboratory among 145 community-living older (≥65year old) adults who were protected by an overhead full body harness system. An eight-camera motion analysis system recorded subjects' kinematics, which was used to compute their instability (motor error), recovery step placement (response selection), and stability gain (motor correction). FindingsA linear relationship was found between the stability errors at recovery foot liftoff and the distance between the recovery foot and slipping foot at the time of its touchdown, reflecting an appropriate selection of response that was proportionate to the motor error. A linear relationship was also found between this step modification and resulting stability gain, indicating that greater step modification resulted in greater stability gain. This learning behavior was surprisingly consistent regardless whether the outcome was a recovery or a fall. InterpretationsThese results suggest that fallers and non-fallers all have an intact motor learning foundation that has enabled them to rapidly improve their stability in subsequent exposures.

RISK ASSESSMENT K3 PADA PROSES PENGOPERASIAN SCAFFOLDING PADA PROYEK APARTEMEN PT. X DI SURABAYA

ABSTRACTProblems that arised when employees works at height are worker did not wear full body harness, lanyard did not hanged perfectly to handrail, did not works according to the procedure, and using unsafe scaffolding. Hazard identification and risk assessment used as prevention for accident when operating scaffolding. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design and analyzed descriptively. The design used for the study carried out by observing cause and effect within a period of time and space. Objects of this study were frame scaffolding and scaffolding PCH, while subjects of this study were SHE Officer, SHE supervisor, workers section structure, finishing, plumbing hydrant, and mechanical engineering. Results of hazard identification using JSA method founds 43 potential hazards originating from 4 different types of work in this project. The results of the risk assessment of 43 potential hazards have been found that 1 hazard have low risk, 40 hazards have moderate risk , and high risk hazard are 2. The dominant risk from the operation of the scaffolding was 40 potential hazards or 93% of the total potential hazards and high-risk hazard eventhough only 5% of all potential hazards remains a top priority and should be controlled soon to reduce the high and medium risk becomes low risk. The likelihood-based control is more possible to reduce risk level than severity-based control.Keywords: risk assessment, scaffolding operation

Меры безопасности при производстве работ на двускатных крышах

The study is concerned with the security measures in case of works carried out on gable roofs. Maintenance and repair works of gable roofs are compulsory when any building is used. Different types of networks (power lines, telecommunications etc.) are located on roofs. Gable roof operations are always associated with a risk of falling down as such roofs have slopes. More than 25 percent of accidents during construction operations are connected to the risk of falling down. The facts of falling from a roof are also included into the statistics of Communications and Power industry. The available regulatory documents on labor protection and layout of roofs contain the requirements to safety but these requirements are too general. Specific safety requirements are to be determined at the stage when an engineering design project of a building (roof) is being prepared. It is explained by the fact that gable roofs have different forms and arrangement of engineering systems, thus each design is individual. But in reality it is difficult to make project decisions with respect to safety measures for such kinds of work. According to the legislation related to labor safety, in case of works at heights people are obliged to use full-body safety harness which ensures safety of their work. But the combination of engineering, economic and organizational problems in case of works on gable roofs does not always result in using full-body safety harness. Therefore there is a great risk of falling which results in a high rate of reportable injuries. As an engineering solution of the above-stated problems, it is offered to arrange anchor points or anchor lines to fix full-body safety harness at the stage of designing and constructing works.

Harness Suspension Stress: Physiological and Safety Assessment.

Evaluate hemodynamics, subjective discomfort, and biological markers of muscle damage during 30-minutes suspension; and evaluate differences between harness attachment (frontal or dorsal). Heart rate, blood pressure, biological markers of muscle damage, and subjective discomfort were measured. Trial time was shorter in the dorsal versus frontal point of attachment. Hemodynamic shift resulted in the dorsal trial which indicated possible perfusion abnormalities. Hemodynamic adjustments contributed to early termination observed in the dorsal trial. A frontal point of attachment may be more suitable for extended harness exposure.

Testing an attachment method for solar-powered tracking devices on a long-distance migrating shorebird

Small solar-powered satellite transmitters and GPS data loggers enable continuous, multi-year, and global tracking of birds. What is lacking, however, are reliable methods to attach these tracking devices to small migratory birds so that (1) flight performance is not impacted and (2) tags are retained during periods of substantial mass change associated with long-distance migration. We developed a full-body harness to attach tags to Red Knots (Calidris canutus), a medium-sized shorebird (average mass 124 g) that undertakes long-distance migrations. First, we deployed dummy tags on captive birds and monitored them over a complete migratory fattening cycle (February–July 2013) during which time they gained and lost 31–110 g and underwent a pre-alternate moult of body feathers. Using each individual’s previous year fattening and moult data in captivity as controls, we compared individual mass and moult differences between years between the tagged and reference groups, and concluded that the attachment did not impact mass and moult cycles. However, some birds shed feathers under the tags and under the polyester harness line commonly used in avian harnesses. Feather shedding was alleviated by switching to smoothed-bottom tags and monofilament harness lines. To field-trial this design, we deployed 5-g satellite transmitters on ten Red Knots released on 3 October 2013 in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Bird movements and tag performance appeared normal. However, nine tags stopped transmitting 11–170 days post-release which was earlier than expected. We attribute this to bird mortality rather than failure of the attachments or transmitters and suggest that the extra weight and drag caused by the tag and its feather-blocking shield increased the chance of depredation by the locally common Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus). Our results demonstrate that species- and place-specific contexts can strongly determine tagging success. While captive trials are an important first step in developing an attachment method, field trials are essential to fully assess attachment designs.