Full Articles Research Articles

Effects of Aggression, Empathy, and Schadenfreude on Behavior and Thoughts in Violent and Prosocial Video Games

These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for DRP. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at DRP. Paper titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd-Fe-B"). Do not write “(Invited)” in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space between authors’ initials. The abstract must be a concise yet comprehensive reflection of what is in your article. In particular, the abstract must be self-contained, without abbreviations, footnotes, or references. It should be a microcosm of the full article. The abstract must be between 100 - 300 words. Be sure that you adhere to these limits; otherwise, you will need to edit your abstract accordingly. The abstract must be written as one paragraph, and should not contain displayed mathematical equations or tabular material. The abstract should include three or four different keywords or phrases, as this will help readers to find it. It is important to avoid over-repetition of such phrases as this can result in a page being rejected by search engines. Ensure that your abstract reads well and is grammatically correct.

Sequels of COVID-19: An integrative literature review

The strong affinity between the Spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor is postulated as one of the main reasons for the high viral transmission rate, leading the WHO to declare COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and to adopt measures to contain viral spread. Moreover, due to the virus’s pathophysiological mechanism, non-specific symptoms, atypical progression, especially in the elderly and immunocompromised, and a faster and more lethal progression are observed. Additionally, as knowledge about the natural history of the virus infection has advanced, persistent symptoms and/or sequelae causing organic dysfunctions and negatively impacting patients’ quality of life have been noted. In light of this, the objective of this article was to present an integrative review of the main sequels of COVID-19 in the years 2021 and 2022. To achieve this, full articles were searched in the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, and PubMed research databases, in both Portuguese and English languages, using the PRISMA methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), resulting in the selection of 14 articles. Among the results, the following stand out: the pathogenesis of persistent COVID-19 is based on the theory of immune phenomena secondary to infection, abnormal immune response, and the presence of the virus in immunologically privileged sites; prevalent complications include fatigue, dyspnea, subjective cognitive impairment, neurological sequelae, central nervous system inflammatory diseases, and post-viral olfactory dysfunction; evidence of a causal relationship between COVID-19 and subacute thyroiditis was presented; a higher number of complications and hospitalizations were demonstrated in vitamin D-deficient patients; as well as the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the healthcare professional population. In conclusion, a scarcity of studies directly addressing COVID-19 sequelae was noted, highlighting the need for further research to create more specific diagnostic protocols.

Preface

Peer review statement We are the editorial board of the 2nd International Scientific Conference of Water- 2023 (ISCW-2023) declared that all papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing, and accepted based on the reviewers’ comments in the double-blind peer review process. Each referee’s report was judged by at least one editor, to give the final decision. PREFACE: 2nd International Scientific Conference of Water- 2023 (ISCW-2023) The ISCW-2023 conference intends to bring together junior and senior, international and national researchers, scientists and scholars interesting in the field of water harvesting and desertification combat. We think the conference will offer an excellent opportunity for networking with other members and exchange knowledge and explore the most recent developments in the sustainable development of water resources and ecosystems, management of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, modern techniques for water harvesting and conserving in dry regions, in addition to water quality and biodiversity. ISCW-2023 is a prestigious event organized by the Center of Upper Euphrates Basin Development, University of Anbar, with a motivation to provide an excellent international platform for academicians, researchers, engineers, industrial participants and budding students around the world to share their research results with the global experts. We cordially invited participants from all over the world who wish to share their best practices and research findings in ISCW-2023 and enlighten their new ideas to make this event growing from strength to strength.Participants will be offered the opportunity to contribute to the conference in various roles: they can discuss keynotes, produce a poster presentation and submit full research or review articles. Articles submitted to the conference should report original high-quality and previously unpublished results. Submission of a manuscript implies that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All submitted articles will be subjected to a double-blind peer-review process. Novelty, relevancy, language standards, references, and many other factors are considered for the evaluation process. The conference nominated Prof. Nadhir Al-Ansari (Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Arab Open Academy in Denmark), Prof. Dr. Cj (Coen) (Ristsema Chairholder Soil Physics and Land Management, Washington University & Research), and Dr. Mohamed Ouessar (Applied Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Eremology and Combating Desertification, Arid Zone Research Institute) as keynote speakers. ISCW-2023 will be held basically via physical attendance (In-person) for two days 15th - 16th March 2023 in Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq. Each participant will be given approximately 10 minutes to view the most important findings of his/her research, and 5 minutes to discuss these results. Sincerely yours, Prof. Dr. Ayoob Obaid Alfalahi Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture / University of Anbar / Anbar / IRAQ Editor-in-chief /ISCW-2023 List of Committees (ISCW-2023) are available in the pdf.

A narrative review on treatment strategies for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) represents a significant achievement in the translation of scientific research to clinical application, but it is currently the only neuroprotective treatment for HIE. This review aims to revisit the use of TH for HIE and its longitudinal impact on patient outcomes to readers new to the field of HIE. We discuss how emerging therapies address the broader pathophysiology of injury progression in the neonatal brain days to years after HIE. We included full articles and book chapters published in English on PubMed with references to "hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy", "birth asphyxia", "therapeutic hypothermia", or "neonatal encephalopathy". We limited our review to outcomes on term infants and to new therapeutics that are in the second phase of clinical trials. Despite the use of TH for HIE, mortality remains high. Analysis of longitudinal studies reveals a high incidence of ongoing disability even with the implementation of TH. New therapeutics addressing the secondary phase and the less understood tertiary phase of brain injury are in clinical trials as adjunctive treatments to TH to support additional neurological repair and regeneration. TH successfully improves outcomes after HIE, and it continues to be optimized. Larger studies are needed to understand its use in mild cases of HIE and if certain factors, such as sex, affect long term outcomes. TH primarily acts in the initial phases of injury, while new pharmaceutical therapies target additional injury pathways into the tertiary phases of injury. This may allow for more effective approaches to treatment and improvement of long-term functional outcomes after HIE.

Diagnosis Accuracy for Compartment Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To evaluate whether published studies support basing the diagnosis of compartment syndrome of the lower leg on clinical findings, intracompartmental pressure (ICP) monitoring, or both. A PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase search of the English literature from 1966 to February 2022 was performed. This used "lower extremity" or "leg" or "tibia" and "compartment syndrome" and "pressure" as the subjects. A manual search of the bibliographies was performed and cross-referenced with those used to formulate the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons clinical practice guidelines. Inclusion criteria were traumatic tibia injuries, presence of data to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of clinical findings and/or pressure monitoring, and the presence or absence of compartment syndrome as the outcome. A total of 2906 full articles were found, of which 63 were deemed relevant for a detailed review. Seven studies met all eligibility criteria. The likelihood ratio form of Bayes theorem was used to assess the discriminatory ability of the clinical findings and ICP monitoring as tests for compartment syndrome. The predictive value for diagnosing acute compartment syndrome was 21% and 29% for the clinical signs and ICP, respectively. When combining both, the probability reached 68%. The use of ICP monitoring may be helpful when combined with a clinical assessment to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the overall diagnosis. Previously accepted individual inference values should be revisited with new prospective studies to further characterize the statistical value of each clinical finding. Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Comparison of Effectivenness Between Ibuprofen and Paracetamol in the Treatment of Fever in Children Aged 0-18 Years a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

Fever is defined as one of the acute adaptive physiological responses to conditions caused by infection, characterized by an increase in body temperature ?38°C. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) and ibuprofen are the only two choices of over-the-counter drugs for the antipyretic class. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) and ibuprofen are the two over-the-counter drug choices, the only antipyretic class most often prescribed to treat fever in children. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is considered the safest over-the-counter drug to control fever in children, while ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that works by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 in the anterior hypothalamus thereby reducing the temperature regulation center and can achieve a cooling effect. This made the authors interested in presenting a systematic review to compare the antipyretic profiles of acetaminophen with ibuprofen in the treatment of fever in children aged 0-18 years. Articles were searched through the database from January 2019 - January 2022. Searches were obtained from the PUBMED database. There was no attempt by the authors to specifically search for unpublished articles in English or Indonesian. Free full text or articles that can be downloaded for free (open access) articles with randomized controlled trials. The subjects used were children aged 0-18 years. Based on research results that ibuprofen is more effective than acetaminophen in treating fever in children. This was evidenced from the 8 articles discussed, 4 of which said that the use of ibuprofen was more effective in lowering body temperature, while 3 articles concluded that both were balanced and equally effective, while 1 other said that combination or alternating therapy resulted in more effectiveness than monotherapy in lowering body temperature. body temperature. However, the benefits appear to be small in comparison and may not be clinically relevant.

Skeletal effects of eccentric strengthening exercise: a scoping review

BackgroundConventional progressive concentric strengthening exercise (CSE) to improve bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) may not be feasible for populations with chronic musculoskeletal and/or metabolic conditions, such as osteoporosis or obesity. Muscle lengthening exercise, also known as an eccentric strengthening exercise (ESE), may have a special utility for those populations due to greater force generation versus CSE. In fact, greater mechanical loading can be induced on bone at lower resistance levels with ESE. However, effects of ESE on BMD and BMC are unclear. Thus, the purpose of this review was to interrogate the effects of ESE on BMD and BMC.MethodsA literature review was conducted between January 1995 and April 2022 focusing on randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of ESE on BMD and/or BMC in humans. Terms covering the domains of exercise, bone, and populations were searched on PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. The methodological quality of each interventional study was rated using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Cohen’s d was calculated to determine the magnitude of the effects of ERE on site-specific outcome measures of BMD and/or BMC.ResultsOut of 1,182 articles initially found, a total of seven full length articles met our inclusion criteria. Of the seven studies, most of the interventions were performed in young (n = 5, PEDro = 5–7) versus middle-aged (n = 1, PEDro = 4) or older (n = 1, PEDro = 6) adults. BMD and BMC generally improved due to ESE; however the effects of ESE on BMD and BMC were non-homogenous. Effect size (d) ranged from 0.10–0.87 in young adults while it was 1.16 in older adults. Effect size (d) could not be calculated for the middle-aged adult study due to critical methodological limitations of the intervention.ConclusionsLarge variability exists for the effectiveness of ESE on BMD/BMC across the human life spectrum. The benefits of ESE on BMD holds promise but rigorous studies are lacking. Further research is needed to examine if the dose, mode, age, and sex-specificity dictate effects of ESE on BMD/BMC.

The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Yazidi people results from ISIS invasion and consecutive trauma: A systematic review

BackgroundThe Yazidi community is a Kurdish minority of the population that lives mainly in Iraq. In history, they suffered from many problems and disasters, including the most recent brutal invasion by ISIS, which significantly impacted their mental health. AimsOur objective is to examine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Yazidi people resulting from the invasion of ISIS in 2014. MethodsA systematic review was performed using the PRISMA protocol. 252 publications were initially identified in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Finally, 23 full articles were included for data extraction. The inclusion criteria were English papers that investigated Yazidi's psychiatric problems, regardless of gender, or age. However, letters to editors, systematic reviews, and studies that examine general physical health were excluded. ResultsA total of 252 publications were identified; 217 were assessed for eligibility, of which 23 studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the present systematic review. According to the findings, the Yazidi people were severely affected by persecution, forced migration, massacres, and ISIS violence in the recent period and suffered from a variety of mental and psychiatric problems. The most prevalent mental disorders among Yazidi people of all ages and sexes are PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders. ConclusionThis study indicates that the Yazidi minority is a traumatized population. According to the results of the current systematic review, the Yazidi have suffered from a variety of mental and psychological disorders, most commonly PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Eventually, addressing these challenges should be prioritized to improve the quality of life of Yazidis through implications for intervention.

Alcoholic/Narcotic Anonymous Program Outcome: A Systematic Review

Background: Recovery and long-term remission are the goals of treatment for substance use disorders. Though there are many pathways to recovery, the alcoholic/narcotic anonymous program is widely recommended for people with addiction as an adjunct to professional treatment services. However, not many studies reviewed the outcome resulting from alcoholic/ narcotic anonymous programs. This study aimed to systematically review the outcome of alcoholic/ narcotic anonymous programs. Subjects and Method: This article was a systematic review study conducted by searching for articles from online databases such as EBSCO, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. PICO: 1) Populations: alcohol addict or illegal drug abuser who is a member or ever joined the alcohol or narcotic anonymous program; 2) Intervention: alcohol or narcotic anonymous program; 3) Comparison: alcohol or narcotic addict or illegal drug abuser who is not the member or never join the alcohol or narcotic anonymous program or etc; 4) Outcome: a variety of outcomes such as reduce of drinking. The dependent variable is the outcome of AA programs. The inclusion criteria for this study were full articles using an observational or experimental study, with the publication year from 2000 until 31st May 2023. The data extraction was focused on the relationship between AA/NA program with the outcome resulting and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. Results: A total of 9 articles reviewed in this study were from USA and UK. Six studies reported there is a significant relationship between attendance at the AA/ NA program with the increase in days of abstinence. Two studies explained that attending the AA/ NA program could lower the amount and frequency of illegal drug use. Only one study discussed that the AA/NA program could also lessen the depression that addiction causes. Conclusion: Our review suggested that attending the AA/ NA program has benefits such as abstinence, reduced frequency or amount of substance intake, and a reduction in depression or problems brought on by using illegal substances. Keywords: abstinence, alcoholic anonymous, alcoholism, narcotic anonymous, outcome. Correspondence: Nadya Puspita Adriana. Universitas Kusuma Husada. Jaya Wijaya No.11, Banjarsari, Central Java, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: nadyadriana91@gmail.com. Mobile: 0821-3800-7567

Improving Foot Self-care Practices Through Health Education Intervention Programs Among Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remain one of the greatest significant problems of diabetes mellitus. It is a cause of main suffering and expenses for patient, and financial problem on health facilities and public. One of the strategies to overcome DFU is through health education to prevent foot ulcer, which focused in promoting foot self-care. To reach this aim, researchers had applied different educational approaches. This systematic review is to evaluate various types of educational programs in terms of its method of delivery and effectiveness. Methods: The search involved various databases; EBSCOHOST, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane library, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SAGE SringerLink, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library. It was limited to full text research articles that report intervention studies, and the writte up in English Language, the publication was from 2005 to 2021. The key words were “diabetes”, “diabetes foot”, “foot self-care”, health education and “interventions”. Results: Twenty studies were involved in this review. Nine studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), while eleven reported non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs). Conclusion: There are evidences that foot care education improves foot care and diabetic foot problems. Various health education approaches, for instance foot assessment, discussion, counseling, homebased visitation and telephone calls have been shown to be effective in improving educational programs. Studies in the future should focus on RCTs in different sites and apply follow-up of long duration to provide better recommendations to healthcare practitioners on effective educational interventions to prevent DFUs.

School-based physical activity interventions among children and adolescents in the Middle East and Arabic speaking countries: A systematic review.

It is widely recognised that noncommunicable diseases are on the rise worldwide, partly due to insufficient levels of physical activity (PA). It is a particularly concerning health issue among children and adolescents in Arabic countries where cultural and environmental factors may limit their opportunity for engaging in physical activities. This review sought to assess the effectiveness of school-based PA interventions for increasing PA among schoolchildren aged six to 18 years in Middle Eastern and Arabic-speaking countries. A systematic literature search was developed to identify studies reporting the evaluation of school-based PA interventions in Arabic-speaking countries. Four different databases were searched from January 2000 to January 2023: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL. Article titles and abstracts were screened for relevance. Full article scrutiny of retrieved shortlisted articles was undertaken. After citation searches and reference checking of included papers, full data extraction, quality assessment and narrative synthesis was undertaken for all articles that met the inclusion criteria. This review adhered to PRISMA guidelines for conducting systematic reviews. Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. Eleven articles reported statistically significant improvements in the levels of PA among their participants. Based largely on self-reported outcomes, increases in PA between 58% and 72% were reported. The studies with a follow-up period greater than three months reported sustained PA levels. There are a limited range of types of programmes evaluated and evaluations were only identified from 30% of the countries in the region. Relatively few studies focused solely on PA interventions and most of the interventions were multi-component (lifestyle, diet, education). This review adds to the existing body of research about the efficacy of school-based interventions to increase physical activity levels. To date, few evaluations assess PA specific interventions and most of the interventions were multi-component including education components on lifestyle and diet. Long-term school-based interventions combined with rigorous theoretical and methodological frameworks are necessary to develop, implement and evaluate PA interventions for children and adolescents in Arabic-speaking countries. Also, future work in this area must also consider the complex systems and agents by which physical activity is influenced.

Prevalence of Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

Pregnancy is an exciting, unique, and usually one of the happiest moments in a woman’s life. It highlights the woman’s amazing creative and nurturing powers while providing a bridge to the future. It is a state of having implanted products of conception located in the uterus. Database search was conducted, using the MeSH terms “Pelvic girdle pain,” “prevalence,” “trimester,” and “pregnancy” for relevant peer-reviewed articles. Google Scholar, Science Direct (Elsevier), Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library (Wiley), Healthcare Journals, Medline/PubMed, and Google were the areas of the database search. Out of 817 articles, ineligible studies were excluded after initial manual title and abstract screening. Only 55 studies which were full articles were retrieved. Of them, 19 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The prevalence rates varied from 4% to 76% globally based on the country and ethnicity. The causes and concerns leading to pelvic girdle pain (PGP) were described. The complications pertaining to PGP in pregnancy were stated. When compared globally we could retrieve only one Indian study which directs our attention toward need for documentation and publishing of Indian findings. PGP in pregnancy is found to be a universal and disabling issue that needs to be addressed.

Construction of Sexual and Gender Minority Identity among Malay-Muslim Natal Females: A Meta-Synthesis

Malay-Muslim identity is the regular norm among Malays in Malaysia; however, this identity has been challenged with the emergence of sexual-and-gender minority (SGM). Even though Malay cultural values and Islamic teachings prohibit same-sex orientation and cross-gender, a SGM group has evolved among Malay-Muslim natal females. This meta-synthesis was conducted to explore the psychosocial factors involved in the construction of SGM and its consequences among Malay natal females in Malaysia using the Sandelowski-Barroso approach. A systematic search of articles was done in the selected databases by using identified keywords between October to December 2020. Twelve full articles were included after proper screening and in-depth reviews. The quality of these articles was assessed independently by two researchers. The articles were then analysed using ATLAS.ti 8 software to group the data into subthemes and themes. Lastly, the effect sizes of each subtheme were calculated. Three main themes were identified: affection seeking, hurtful experience and nurturing influences. Malay natal females also shared consequences following construction of SGM identity which include acceptance from community, continuous conflicts in life and mental health consequences. This meta-synthesis revealed the influences that shape the construction of Malay SGM women. Thus, interventions shall be planned to aid them according to cultural and psychosocial factors.

Analysis of Psychological Problems of Postpartum Blues: Literature Review

Background: The postpartum period is a transitional period associated with many physical and emotional changes for women. The vulnerability to change can lead to problems such as postpartum blues. This condition shows mood changes, crying, sleep disturbances and fatigue, which can be caused by biological, psychological and social and cultural factors. This condition can cause harm to the mother's own health, the health of the baby, and the surrounding environment.
 Objective: To analyze the psychological problems of postpartum blues.
 Methodology: the method used in this writing is a literature review study. The databases used in the source search are PubMed, JAMA, Google Scholar, Scimago and Medline. The inclusion criteria for the search for literature sources used were the publication of articles from 2014 to 2023, articles indexed by Scopus or at least Sinta 4 in English, and full articles. The search keywords are postpartum psychological, baby blues, postpartum blues. Literature analysis using PICOT (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time).
 Results: The total number of articles used for analysis was 7 out of 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria.
 Conclusion: susceptibility to change during the transitional period is at risk of causing problems such as postpartum blues. This condition shows mood changes, crying, sleep disturbances, and fatigue. Which can be caused by biological, psychological and social, and cultural factors. This condition can cause harm to the mother's own health, the health of the baby, and the surrounding environment.

Content and form of original research articles in general major medical journals.

The title of an article is the main entrance for reading the full article. The aim of our work therefore is to examine differences of title content and form between original research articles and its changes over time. Using PubMed we examined title properties of 500 randomly chosen original research articles published in the general major medical journals BMJ, JAMA, Lancet, NEJM and PLOS Medicine between 2011 and 2020. Articles were manually evaluated with two independent raters. To analyze differences between journals and changes over time, we performed random effect meta-analyses and logistic regression models. Mentioning of results, providing any quantitative or semi-quantitative information, using a declarative title, a dash or a question mark were rarely used in the title in all considered journals. The use of a subtitle, methods-related items, such as mentioning of methods, clinical context or treatment increased over time (all p < 0.05), while the use of phrasal tiles decreased over time (p = 0.044). Not a single NEJM title contained a study name, while the Lancet had the highest usage of it (45%). The use of study names increased over time (per year odds ratio: 1.13 (95% CI: [1.03‒1.24]), p = 0.008). Investigating title content and form was time-consuming because some criteria could only be adequately evaluated by hand. Title content changed over time and differed substantially between the five major medical journals. Authors are advised to carefully study titles of journal articles in their target journal prior to manuscript submission.

AMELOBLASTOMA WITH INFRATEMPORAL EXTENSION: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Ameloblastomas are benign tumors of odontogenic epithelium. They are locally aggressive with tendency to recur and sometimes with metastatic behavior. Recurrences often occur due to incomplete treatment and they can occur at difficult sites such as temporal and infratemporal fossa. Recurrences in the temporal area are very rare and are related to the type of primary treatment.&#x0D; AIM: This literature review aims to answer the question on how common recurrent ameloblastoma entends to the infratemporal fossa and how this is related to the site of the primary lesion.&#x0D; METHODS; Web search for case reports, case series of ameloblatoma with temporal, infratemporal extension, published in the English literature was carried out. Search results were further scrutinized for age, sex, location of lesion, histology, treatment modalities and recurrence following the adopted treatment modalities and treatment outcome.&#x0D; RESULT; A total 15 full length articles were included in this study. Twelve were case reports and 3 were case series. Of 28 patients with ameloblastoma in the articles, only 22 were recorded to have presented with ameloblastoma with infratemporal or temporal fossa involvement. All the cases of ameloblastoma involving the infratemporal/temporal fossa were recurrent tumors and the average time from first surgical intervention to recurrence was 11.36 years. Most of the primary cases were seen in the mandible (73%) with body/ramus region being the commonest location. Only 5cases were reported to be primarily maxillary ameloblastoma.&#x0D; CONCLUSION; This review has shown that temporal/infratemporal extension of ameloblastoma occurs commonly with recurrent lesions, although the overall reported incidence is relatively low. Aggressive primary tumor resection, especially for extensive mandibular lesions may be key to preventing this tumor extension.

Assessment of diversity-based approaches used by American Universities to increase recruitment and retention of biomedical sciences research faculty members: A scoping review protocol.

Diversity enriches the educational experience by improving intellectual engagement, self-motivation, citizenship, cultural engagement, and academic skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and writing for students of all races. Faculty role models from similar backgrounds are essential for students from traditionally underrepresented groups as it sends a powerful message of support, belonging, and the confidence to pursue higher education. However, in the biomedical sciences, the percentage of historically underrepresented tenure-track faculty is far lower than that of their white colleagues. For this to change, a strong strategic plan and commitment from the university are imperative. This scoping review will assess the size and scope of available peer-reviewed research literature on diversity programs that aim to increase the recruitment and retention of biomedical sciences research faculty and are implemented and evaluated at American Universities. The information provided in this scoping review will help universities identify novel, successful diversity-based approaches for recruiting and retaining biomedical science faculty that might suit their own unique academic and geographic needs and be incorporated into their diversity initiatives and policies. The review follows the Population-Concept-Context methodology for Joanna Briggs Institution Scoping Reviews. Relevant peer-reviewed studies published in English between June 1, 2012, to June 1, 2022, will be identified from the following electronic databases; MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus (Elsevier), EMBASE (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCO), and ERIC (EBSCO). The search strings using the key variables "biomedical research faculty," "recruitment/retention," "diversity/ minority/ underrepresented, and "mentoring" will be conducted using Boolean logic. Two independent reviewers will conduct all title and abstract screening, followed by a full article screening and data extraction. Due to the possible heterogeneity of the studies, we hope to use either a narrative analysis and/or descriptive figures/tables to depict the results.

Disambiguation of medical abbreviations for knowledge organization

The disambiguation of abbreviations is a crucial step in medical knowledge organization. In the past, most scholars have focused on the problem of disambiguating medical abbreviations in single sentences; they have not systematically considered full-article abbreviation disambiguation tasks. In this work, we present a research framework for full-article medical abbreviation disambiguation (FMADRF) based on the structural characteristics of abbreviation–definition pairs in a full scientific medical article. Our method utilizes the information including context semantic information, external linguistic features, and the mapping relationships and structural similarities between abbreviations and their expansions. The model includes a four-pronged approach, identification of abbreviations and abbreviation–definition pairs, alignment and complementation of abbreviations and abbreviation expansions. The results show that our novel BBF-BLC-R model improves the recognition and modification effects of abbreviation–definition pairs, achieving the best F1 score of 91.83%. Furthermore, our new strategy combines semantic and structural information to significantly improve the effects of term alignment, with an F1 score of 97.11%. In our test, a thesaurus of abbreviations and their expansions was constructed from 13,472 full-text medical articles, resulting in 14,742 abbreviations, with 31,327 corresponding expansions. This work enhances the semantic association of terms in full medical texts, eliminating the problems of “rich” semantics and association–relation roadblocks caused by term misalignments. It further provides technical and methodological support for the organization of medical knowledge, facilitating the deep knowledge-mining capabilities of full-text medical articles.

Answer to June 2023 Photo Quiz.

Read the full article for the answer.

A Systemic Review of Spinal Needles Broken During Neuraxial Anesthesia.

Needle breakage during spinal anesthesia occurs infrequently and represents a serious complication with potentially adverse effects. The objective of this systemic review was to look at the incidence, risk factors, and preventative measures for broken spinal needles. A search of the literature on PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases and a manual web search was performed, with no filters and up to April 2023 from inception. Out of the 43 potential studies, 23 were included. The search terms for the full article reading were broken needle, spinal anesthesia, humans, and post-operative, and the exclusion criteria were systematic reviews, conference presentations, and non-full articles. A review of the 23 studies (24 cases) suggests an association between specific risk factors such as obesity and needle size and breaks. Identifying the risks and complications of needle breaks could help physicians modify their practice and inform their patients of any increased risks applicable to them.