Fulfillment Of Nutrition Research Articles

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ENTERAL NUTRITION AVAILABILITY WITH NUTRITIONAL FULFILLMENT AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER PATIENTS

Background: The availability of enteral nutrition is one of nutritional intervention that can be given to prevent a decrease in nutritional intake and nutritional status in HNC patient.
 Research objective: This study aims to see the correlation between the availability of enteral nutrition with nutritional fulfillment and nutritional status.
 Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on adult subjects with HNC after radiation therapy at the RSCM radiotherapy outpatient clinic. Nutritional fulfillment was assessed by semi-quantitative FFQ while nutritional status was measured by calculating body mass index (BMI).
 Research results: Forty-one subjects mean age of 51 years participated in the study. The mean BMI of subjects with enteral nutrition was lower than those on oral nutrition, 18,2±2,6 kg/m2 compared to 21,2±3,5 kg/m2 respectively. The mean total energy intake of subjects with enteral nutrition route was higher, which was 1498,1±430,6 Kcal/day compared to 1291,4±393,3 Kcal/day. There was a moderate negative correlation between the availability of enteral nutrition and nutritional status (r=-0,346, p=0,027), meanwhile there was a weak positive correlation with nutritional fulfillment (r=0,216, p=0,174). However, in this study we found that the proportion of subjects with enteral nutrition who experienced a decrease in BMI was less than the proportion of subjects on the oral route, which was 22,2% compared to 43,8% respectively.
 Conclusion: There is a moderate negative correlation between the availability of enteral nutrition with nutritional status and a weak positive correlation with nutritional fulfillment which is still influenced by confounding factors.

Correlation of Leucine Intake with Serum Prolactin and Breast Milk Protein Levels in Breastfeeding Women

Breast milk is the best choice food for a baby’s growth and development of infants at some point of the primary 6 months of life. Fulfillment of nutrition during breastfeeding is an important requirement, one of which is the intake of the amino acid leucine which is said to affect prolactin as a regulator of breast milk production and protein synthesis in breast milk. This can support the quality and quantity of breast milk to meet the nutritional needs of infants support infant growth and development and reduce the incidence of stunting at the age of toddlers. This research aims to determine the relationship between leucine intake and levels of prolactin and protein in breast milk in breastfeeding mothers. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional method. This study carried out normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and using the Pearson correlation test to determine the relationship between variables. Based on the test results of the relationship between leucine intake and serum prolactin levels, a significance value of 0.005 (p<0.05) was obtained with a correlation coefficient value of 0.183 and the relationship between leucine intake and breast milk protein levels obtained a significance value of 0.033 (p<0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.147. The results of this test showed a significant relationship between these variables. There is a weak correlation between leucine intake and levels of prolactin and protein in breast milk

Peningkatan Pengetahuan tentang Pemenuhan Gizi Remaja dan Edukasi Pencegahan Stunting

The problem of nutrition in Indonesia is still a serious problem. In essence, it stems from an economic situation that lacks limited knowledge about nutrition. Nutritional status is a measure of success in meeting the nutritional needs of children and the use of nutrients indicated by the child's weight and height. Nutritional needs in adolescence are very large because they are still growing. One of the main nutritional problems for adolescents in developing countries is malnutrition, which is reflected in stunting, underweight, stunted growth, and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in pregnant adolescent girls. The purpose of this community service is to increase adolescent knowledge about the fulfillment of adolescent nutrition and stunting prevention education. The methods of health education carried out are (1) Socialization and Licensing, (2) Affirmation and Pre Test (3) Conducting health education regarding the fulfillment of adolescent nutrition and stunting prevention education. (4) Evaluation of the results of health education activities with Post Test. The results of this health education are expected to increase the knowledge and understanding of participants about the importance of fulfilling adolescent nutrition and stunting prevention education. The output of this activity is shown by increasing participants' knowledge about the importance of fulfilling adolescent nutrition and stunting prevention education which can be seen from the results of pre and post test questionnaires.

Lesser-known wild edible plants used by Thadou-Kuki tribe of Indo-Myanmar region, Manipur, India

Abstract. Haokip LL, Panmei R. 2022. Lesser-known wild edible plants used by Thadou-Kuki tribe of Indo-Myanmar region, Manipur, India. Biodiversitas 23: 3991-3998. Wild edible plants are overlooked groups of plants which forms an integral part of the culture and tradition of many indigenous communities by providing both nourishment and variety in the diet. The present study is an inventory on the wild edible plants consumed by Thadou-Kuki tribe of Manipur. Field survey was carried out in five villages and three local markets of the district. The survey documented 73 wild edible plants consumed by the Thadou tribe. Except for one species each of Gymnosperm and Pteridophyte, all the species (71) are Angiosperms under 64 genera and 43 families. Most of the edible plants are consumed in cooked vegetable form (45%) while processed fruits (4%) is the least mode of consumption. The use of species like Dysoxylum excelsum, Entada rheedii, Eurya acuminata and Erigeron canadensis as vegetables and Meyna spinosa and Physalis alkekengi as fruits is one of the interesting records as these species’ usage is meager among other tribes of the northeastern state. It is found that most of the wild plant resources play a vital role in the nutritional fulfillment, medicine and socio-economic aspects of the Thadou tribe.

KETAHANAN PANGAN PERKOTAAN, KEMISKINAN, DAN COVID-19: KASUS KOTA BANDUNG

The Covid-19 pandemic that hit Bandung City impacted increasing poverty rates and unemployment rates due to negative economic growth. The decline in purchasing power impacts declining people's access to food. For low-income communities, decreasing access to food means reducing the quantity and quality of food consumed. This paper discusses the food security of urban communities affected by the crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic. By using the system thinking approach, exploration is held by analyzing events, behavior patterns, and system structures. The results of this study indicate that the macroeconomic system plays a significant role in the food security of urban communities. There are several mutually reinforcing feedback loops between macroeconomics and food security: purchasing power, food access and food consumption. As the vulnerable group most affected by the pandemic, the fulfillment of nutrition for low-income groups is still below the recommended nutritional adequacy standard (2,150 kilo calories per capita per day). Another finding of this study is a comprehensive CLD on urban food security systems. The CLD can describe the interdisciplinary roles between actors to fulfill basic human needs: food. In addition, besides macroeconomics and agriculture, food security is also closely related to health, environment, and trade.

Hubungan Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Fe Terhadap Kejadian Anemia

The government's steps to reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality is starting from adolescence by giving blood tablets to young women. It is necessary to understand the knowledge of young women about the importance of nutrition fulfillment and regular consumption of Fe tablets. This study aims to analyze the relationship between adherence to Fe tablet consumption and the incidence of anemia in Mumbulsari Village, Jember Regency in 2021. The research design used in this study was a correlational analytic study with a cross sectional research approach. With sample of 50 respondents who meet the inclusion criteria with purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used in this research is univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with Spearman's Rho correlation. It was found that 62.% of female adolescents did not consume Fe tablets, 66% of female adolescents experienced anemia, and the results of cross tabulation showed that female adolescents did not comply in consuming Fe tablets and experienced anemia of 78.8%. The results of the data analysis test using a Spearman's Rho p-value less than the value of , it is stated that there was a relationship between adherence to consuming Fe tablets with the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls in Mumbulsari District, Jember Regency in 2021. It is recommended that there be collaboration between health workers, schools and people parents to monitor adolescent girls to comply with taking Fe tablets regularly.

Overcoming Health Risk of Down Syndrome Child with Obesity: Systematic Review

Down syndrome (DS) is a condition that occurs due to an abnormal number of chromosomes which is characterized by the presence of an additional chromosome. A child diagnosed with DS has three distinctive characters, namely having a low Intelligence Quotient (IQ), physical and mental limitations and having a weak immune system. Overweight and obesity are nutritional problems that often occur in people with DS, so it is necessary to study how the health risks that can be experienced by DS sufferers with obesity and how to overcome or minimize these risks. This Systematic Review study was conducted using the PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar search databases. The search was limited to articles in peer-reviewed journals and literature reviews, which were written in English and Indonesian between 2012 and 2022. The study results showed that more than 40 percent of obesity occurred in children with DS. Obesity in people with DS can increase the risk of other health problems such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in adults with DS. In addition, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, NAFLD, Alzheimer's and tumors, and coronary heart disease are frequently reported in obese DS. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent nutritional problems by parents which includes parenting, feeding practices, and eating patterns. In addition, physical activity is needed for children with DS, especially for those who suffer from obesity. Fulfillment of nutrition and a healthy lifestyle throughout pregnancy is also needed to ensure the health of the child born and reduce the risk of having a baby with DS.

Model Kontekstual Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah: Studi Kasus Provinsi Papua

This study aims to identify and analyze the orientation of meeting the basic socioeconomic needs of the community with the context of Papua, determine and analyze the contextual model of regional development planning in Papua Province, the factors that determine the success of implementing the contextual model of regional development planning in Papua. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method and leads to a case study approach. The data collection method used in-depth interview techniques, content analysis, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results show that development planning must be based on the local context of Papua. What is done by the Government is to build public awareness of the importance of implementing government programs such as in terms of health. Health needs to be monitored from the perspective of the behavior of the Papuan people, namely from cleanliness, fulfillment of nutrition, and fulfillment of basic immunizations. However, the good intentions of this government are considered bad by the Papuan people so that the contextual implementation of this development requires the role of traditional leaders, religious leaders, officials in the village so that the development of the Papua Province is in accordance with a contextual model based on the aspirations of the people in the Papua Province.

The Relationship between Eating Behavior and Early Childhood Caries in Children

BACKGROUND: Eating process in children is not only to fulfill hunger but also to fulfill the nutritional needs of children’s growth and development. Eating disorders can cause health problems for children, including dental and oral health. Poor oral and dental health in children can affect self-confidence, chewing ability, and nutritional fulfillment. Nowadays, Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is the most common hard tissue disease in primary teeth that affects children. AIM: This study aims to determine the relationship between eating behavior and ECC in children. METHODS: This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Sampling was done by purposive sampling with a total sample of 165 children aged 3–5 years old and their mothers. The Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to measure the eight eating types of children. ECC is measured by def-t index. Data analysis was done using Chi-square test. RESULTS: The prevalence of ECC was 47.9%. There was a significant relationship between food responsiveness (p = 0.001; OR = 3.235; 95% CI 1.648–6.341), food fussiness (p = 0.010; OR = 2.380; 95% CI 1.273–4.450), and enjoyment of food (p = 0.005; OR = 0.377; 95% CI 0.198–0.72) with the incidence of ECC. However, Emotional over Eating, Desire to Drink, Satiety Responsiveness, Emotional under Eating, and Slowness in Eating were not associated with the incidence of ECC. CONCLUSION: Children’s eating behavior contributes to the incidence of ECC.

Comparing human milk macronutrients measured using analyzers based on mid-infrared spectroscopy and ultrasound and the application of machine learning in data fitting

ObjectiveFat, carbohydrates (mainly lactose) and protein in breast milk all provide indispensable benefits for the growth of newborns. The only source of nutrition in early infancy is breast milk, so the energy of breast milk is also crucial to the growth of infants. Some macronutrients composition in human breast milk varies greatly, which could affect its nutritional fulfillment to preterm infant needs. Therefore, rapid analysis of macronutrients (including lactose, fat and protein) and milk energy in breast milk is of clinical importance. This study compared the macronutrients results of a mid-infrared (MIR) analyzer and an ultrasound-based breast milk analyzer and unified the results by machine learning.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included breastfeeding mothers aged 22–40 enrolled between November 2019 and February 2021. Breast milk samples (n = 546) were collected from 244 mothers (from Day 1 to Day 1086 postpartum). A MIR milk analyzer (BETTERREN Co., HMIR-05, SH, CHINA) and an ultrasonic milk analyzer (Honɡyanɡ Co,. HMA 3000, Hebei, CHINA) were used to determine the human milk macronutrient composition. A total of 465 samples completed the tests in both analyzers. The results of the ultrasonic method were mathematically converted using machine learning, while the Bland-Altman method was used to determine the limits of agreement (LOA) between the adjusted results of the ultrasonic method and MIR results.ResultsThe MIR and ultrasonic milk analyzer results were significantly different. The protein, fat, and energy determined using the MIR method were higher than those determined by the ultrasonic method, while lactose determined by the MIR method were lower (all p < 0.05). The consistency between the measured MIR and the adjusted ultrasound values was evaluated using the Bland-Altman analysis and the scatter diagram was generated to calculate the 95% LOA. After adjustments, 93.96% protein points (436 out of 465), 94.41% fat points (439 out of 465), 95.91% lactose points (446 out of 465) and 94.62% energy points (440 out of 465) were within the LOA range. The 95% LOA of protein, fat, lactose and energy were - 0.6 to 0.6 g/dl, -0.92 to 0.92 g/dl, -0.88 to 0.88 g/dl and - 40.2 to 40.4 kj/dl, respectively and clinically acceptable. The adjusted ultrasonic results were consistent with the MIR results, and LOA results were high (close to 95%).ConclusionsWhile the results of the breast milk rapid analyzers using the two methods varied significantly, they could still be considered comparable after data adjustments using linear regression algorithm in machine learning. Machine learning methods can play a role in data fitting using different analyzers.

APLIKASI PANDUAN GIZI MAKANAN BALITA BERBASIS ANDROID

Fulfillment of rich nutrition for toddlers is something that needs to be considered in maintaining health because the age of toddlers enters a nutritional sensitive period. The impact of malnutrition in the first 1000 days of life starting from the fetus to the child is two years old, it not only affects physical development, but also affects subsequent cognitive development, which in turn affects the intelligence, dexterity, and efficiency of thinking and working children at the time. mature. Nutritional status refers to the state of the body caused by eating and using nutrients. This is due to maternity factors and poor parenting, especially the behavior and habits of children who do not eat according to their nutritional intake. Parental knowledge regarding a balanced and nutritious menu is the most influential factor in providing nutrition to toddlers. The lack of nutrition education by health workers makes mothers unable to prevent and overcome nutritional problems in their babies. Based on this, an application is needed that can facilitate parents, especially mothers, to control the nutritional status of their toddlers accompanied by nutritional guidelines for appropriate and balanced toddler food according to their age and nutritional adequacy. This research will build a mobile-based application in the form of a nutritional guide for toddlers' food that is appropriate and balanced according to their age and nutritional adequacy and a nutritional calculator for toddlers to control their nutritional status.

Factors That Influence the Behaviour of Pregnant Women toward Nutritional Fulfilment in Denpasar City

The mother nutritional needs during pregnancy must be met properly, because the fetal nutrition depends on the nutrition of the mother. Based on the results of Riskesdas in 2013 obtained that the proportion of pregnant women aged 15-49 years who are at risk in experiencing chronic energy lack in Indonesia were 24.2% and in Bali were 10.1%.The incidence of pregnant women with chronic energy lack is influenced by various factors that are closely related to the behavior of pregnant women to fulfill their nutrition. There are three factors that affect behavior, namely predisposing factors or factors that facilitate (Predisposing Factor), Supporting Factors (Enabling Factor) and Driving Factors (Reinforcing Factor). The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the behavior of pregnant women in the fulfillment of the nutrition. This study employed descriptive design with cross-sectional approach. There were 99 respondents recruited in this study by using nonprobability sampling. The data were collected by using questionnaire. The finding of this study showed that factors that influence the behavior of pregnant women in the fulfillment of nutrition were age (value p = 0.020), education (value p&lt;0.001), attitude (value p&lt;0.001), and family support (value p&lt;0.001). While parity (value p = 0.082) and knowledge (value p = 0.226) did not affect the behavior of pregnant women in the fulfillmen of the nutrition. Maintaining pregnancy is important to detect the growth and development of the baby in the womb. The mother should pay attention to the nutrients consumed during pregnancy.

Children’s Boarding School in Indonesia: Examining Psychological and Social Dynamics in the Perspective of Gender-Friendly Islamic Boarding Schools

The purpose of this research is to find out the psychological dynamics in children's boarding schools, which focus on the problems of the psychological well-being of young students who are felt to be in the boarding school environment as well as the challenges of boarding schools in fulfilling the psychological well-being of students in the perspective of gender-friendly boarding schools. This research is qualitative research with the type of Field Research and uses a phenomenological paradigm. The research subjects were students of school age, namely 6-12 years. Through interviews, observation, and documentation, data was collected for both the santri and the caretakers of the boarding schools (kiai or nyai). Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman model, through four steps, namely data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results showed that there were still some conditions for students who experienced psychological turmoil during the adjustment period, such as homesickness, self-acceptance, difficulties in establishing social relations with other friends problems of independence, especially for low-class students and at the beginning of the boarding year. A gender-biased perspective was found in fulfilling children's rights in Islamic boarding schools, such as the assumption that looking after women is more difficult than men, women have to take extra care of themselves and their morals while men are labeled as difficult to manage, and tend to be naughty. Besides that, the fulfillment of nutrition and balanced nutrition is not found in Islamic boarding schools with the reason for developing the principle of zuhud (simplicity). This is what makes it a particular challenge for Islamic boarding schools to help the growth and personal development of students so that they feel comfortable and happy in the boarding school with all the activities and activities that bind students, both male and female students. This challenge is very important to be captured by pesantren managers such as forming child-friendly pesantren.

Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang ASI Ekslusif dada Bayi di Klinik Pratama Bertha Mabar Hilir Medan Deli Tahun 2022

Background : It has a lot of content and benefits and is a baby's first need, making exclusive breastfeeding the best source of nutrition for babies. Breast milk is a liquid secretion from the mother's breast glands, while exclusive breastfeeding is breastfeeding for 6 months without any addition. Exclusive breastfeeding has many benefits for babies apart from being a fulfillment of nutrition, brain intelligence Exclusive breastfeeding also contains natural antibodies in babies so that babies are not susceptible to disease or interference from outside. The purpose of this study was to describe the mother's knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding in clinic pratama bertha mabar hilir medan deli.Method : to describe the knowledge of mothers about exclusive breastfeeding at the Clinic Pratama Bertha Mabar Hilir Medan Deli in 2022. The sample in this all mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months as many as 30 respondents at clinic pratama bertha mabar hilir medan deli tahun 2022. The sampling technique is total sampling where the number of samples is the same as the population studied as many as 30 respondents. The research instrument used a questionnaire which was processed in the form of SPSS. The results of the study showed that the most knowledgeable respondents were good knowledge as many as 22 respondents (73.3%), with less knowledge 2 respondents (6.7%) while those with sufficient knowledge were 6 respondents (6). Conclusion: Good knowledge is a good thing and with good knowledge in their knowledge of breastfeeding, hopefully the application will also occur and mothers will spend more/always taking time to breastfeed their babies so that babies also get the benefits of breastfeeding.

Implementation of Naïve Bayes for Fish Freshness Identification Based on Image Processing

Consumption of fish as a food requirement for the fulfillment of community nutrition is increasing. This was followed by an increase in the amount of fish caught that were sold at fish markets. Market managers must be concerned about the dispersion of huge amounts of fish in the market in order to determine the freshness of the fish before it reaches the hands of consumers. So far, market managers have relied on traditional ways to determine the freshness of fish in circulation. The issue is that traditional solutions, such as the use expert assessment, demand a human physique that quickly experiences fatigue. Technological developments can be a solution to these problems, such as utilizing image processing techniques classification method. Image processing with the use of color features is an effective method to determine the freshness of fish. The classification method used in this research is the Naive Bayes method. This study aims to identify the freshness of fish based on digital images and determine the performance level of the method. The identification process uses the RGB color value feature of fisheye images. The stages of fish freshness identification include cropping, segmentation, RGB value extraction, training, and testing. The classification data are 210 RGB value of extraction images which are divided into 147 data for training and 63 data for testing. The research data were divided into fresh class, started to rot class, and rotted class. The research shows that the Naive Bayes algorithm can be used in the process of identifying the freshness level of fish based on fisheye images with a test accuracy rate of 79.37%. &#x0D;

NUTRITIONAL STATUS SCREENING AND NUTRITION FULFILLMENT EDUCATION IN THE ADOLESCENT FOOTBALL CLUB IN KUBUTAMBAHAN VILLAGE

Background: Adolescent boys are an age group that needs special attention regarding the fulfillment of nutrition to support activity and growth. The sport activity that is often the choice of teenage boys is soccer. This type of sport requires excellent energy and is classified as a strenuous activity&#x0D; Purpose: This community service activity aims to carry out early detection of the nutritional status of teenage boys who are members of soccer sports clubs. This activity also provides education to athletes and coaches in Kubutambahan Village.&#x0D; Methods: This activity was carried out by conducting a physical examination related to anthropometry accompanied by counseling related to the nutrition of soccer athletes. Educational content related to nutrition before the competition, before the competition and after the competition.&#x0D; Results: All athletes of the U21 soccer club in Kubutambahan Village are at the age of 11-16 years. The total number of youth involved in this activity is 21 people. Most (85.71%) had normal nutritional status. While 9.5% are under nutrition and 4.79% are obese.&#x0D; Conclusion: Early detection of nutritional status in adolescents who are members of soccer clubs is important to do. Efforts to fulfill long-term nutrition need to involve parents and sponsors in order to realize a balanced nutritional composition.&#x0D;

Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Pemenuhan Gizi Seimbang Dengan Status Gizi Pada Balita Usia 24-35 Bulan Di Desa Manjung Ngawen, Klaten

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Nutrition is an important factor that aims to build quality human resources. The impact of malnutrition is low body resistance so that the body is susceptible to infectious diseases, lack of energy and protein which causes impaired growth and development of toddlers. Mother's knowledge about balanced nutrition is very important, considering the role of mothers in the family as food managers. The purpose of this study was to determine the mother's knowledge about the fulfillment of balanced nutrition with nutritional status in toddlers.&#x0D; The research design used is descriptive correlation with a cross sectional approach. The research sample amounted to 38 respondents using the Total Sampling technique. data collection using questionnaires and observation sheets, data were analyzed using the Kendall Tau test with a significant level of 0.05. The results showed that most of the mother's knowledge about the fulfillment of balanced nutrition was sufficient, namely a number of 22 respondents (57.9%) for the nutritional status of toddlers, most of them were good, namely 31 respondents (81.6%), sufficient knowledge with good nutritional status of toddlers as much as 20 respondents (52.6%).&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between mother's knowledge about the fulfillment of balanced nutrition with nutritional status in toddlers aged 24-35 months with a p value of 0.020 (p&gt;0.05). It is hoped that in collaboration with posyandu cadres to continue to routinely provide counseling about balanced nutrition for toddlers to mothers in Manjung Village

Peningkatan Perilaku Ibu dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Gizi Baduta Berisiko Stunting melalui Pemberdayaan Kader

Cadres are spearheading the success of monitoring the nutritional status of children under-two. Improving the knowledge, attitudes and actions of cadres through training, coaching and mentoring mothers in fulfilling the nutritional intake of under-two using the Nutrition Education Module has an impact on the success of the nutritional status monitoring function. Community service activities (PkM) are aimed at optimizing the role of cadres and families in fulfilling the New Normal Period undernutrition in Riak Siabun Village, Seluma Regency. The target audience is 10 posyandu and KPM cadres and 30 families with children aged 0-24 months. The activity is carried out with the stages of forming family companion cadres, training and coaching, as well as mentoring mothers of baduta. Evaluation of activities is carried out by measuring the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of cadres and mothers of baduta. The activity was carried out in January-November 2021. The data were analyzed by comparing the results of the pre-test and post-test. The results of community service activities showed that there was an increase in the score of knowledge, attitudes, cadres as well as the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of the mother under two for 3 months of mentoring. The results of the activity showed an increase in the average score of knowledge and attitudes before and after the training. The mentoring of 30 mothers of under-two showed an increase in the average score of mother's knowledge and attitudes about the fulfillment of nutrition for under-fives, mother's actions were still the focus of mentoring. Regulations in the form of policies and programs need to be improved to support cadre activities in assisting mothers of children under-two in the village.

Improvement of Students and Snack Vendors Behavior After Received Health Promotion Program from UKS’s Cadres

Background: School Health Program or UKS aims to improve students learning achievement by improving their health status including the fulfillment of nutrition so that they can grow and develop optimally. The nutritional problems of school-age children in Indonesia, according to Riskesdas 2018 data, are children with the short/stunting category reaching 30.7%, while those who are obese are 8% and anemic 26%. Nutritional problems in school children will affect the quality of human resources in the future. Objectives: This study examined the effect of promoting healthy and safe snacks by UKS’s cadres on increasing knowledge, attitudes, behavior of students and snack sellers.Materials and Methods: The first stage of research was training elementary school students UKS’s cadres who will become educators on promoting healthy and safe food consumption behavior. The second stage was assessed to 360 randomly selected students and 94 school vendors in 12 different schools. The intervention schools received a package of promotions delivered by UKS’s cadres while the comparison group received the poster. Data on knowledge, attitudes, behavior of students and food sellers were collected using a questionnaire instrument. The data were collected by the researchers assisted by 12 enumerators, 6 research field assistants and 12 teachers in charge of the research field. Bivariate analysis using t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Mann Whitney test were used to assess the differences between the groups. Results: After intervention by UKS.s cadres, there was a change in students' knowledge of 51.1% for knowledge of healthy snacks, 52.8% about safe snacks, 82.8% about formalin, 62.8% about borax, and 75.6% about Rhodamine B. Changes in the behavior of snack sellers, the highest percentage of changes in holding food with tools is 62.5% and not holding food after holding money is 54.2%. Increased change were significantly higher in the intervention groups than the comparison group (p &lt;0.05).Conclusion: The UKS’s cadres as trained peer-educators could significantly improve safe and healthy food behavior of students as well as knowledge of snack school vendors. UKS’s cadres as promoters of healthy and safe snacks can be used as a mandatory UKS program in school to achieve food safety for school children

Asuhan Komplementer Tatalaksana Afterpain pada Ibu Postpartum : Literature Review

The puerperium is a period of recovery of the mother after giving birth which is characterized by the return of the reproductive organs to their pre-pregnancy state with a puerperal period of 6-8 weeks. During the recovery period, postpartum mothers will experience many changes, both physically and psychologically, if there is no assistance from both the family and health workers, it is possible that problems will occur beyond the postpartum period. Afterpain or often called abdominal cramps is pain caused by continuous contraction and relaxation of the uterus, usually lasting 3-4 days after delivery and is common in multiparas. Objective: to determine the complementary care afterpain management in postpartum mothers. The method used in this study uses a literature study or literature review. The selected articles were 4 reviews that matched the criteria with the topic of afterpain management in postpartum mothers without giving pharmacology and medical measures. Discussion: afterpain management for postpartum mothers can be given complementary care by giving effluarge massage therapy, sacral plexus massage, candle therapy, postpartum gymnastics, other care such as emptying the bladder, providing a comfortable position (prone position by propping the stomach with a pillow), providing relaxation techniques, early mobilization, adequate rest and fulfillment of balanced nutrition. The results of this literature study can be a management intervention in the management of afterpain complaints in postpartum mothers.