Fukuoka City Research Articles

Factors associated with water consumption measured using the stable isotope techniques among Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study.

While some dietary guidelines have established daily water requirements for adults, those for older adults are not well defined. Factors associated with water turnover (WT), indicating water requirements and preformed water (PW), referring to fluids consumed from food and beverages, remain poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these factors in Japanese adults. This cross-sectional study included 57 participants aged 54-85 years, living in Fukuoka City, Japan. The WT and PW were measured using the doubly labelled water (DLW) methods from August 2015 to September 2015. Dietary intake and physical activity were evaluated using a 3-day dietary record (DR) and a validated triaxial accelerometer, respectively. Fasting blood and urine samples, as well as environmental conditions, were assessed using a validated technique. We evaluated the variables for predicting water consumption by using a multivariate generalised linear model, with forward stepwise selection using these covariates. The median WT and PW were 2842 ml/day and 2227 ml/day, respectively. In the multivariate model, WT (R2 = 0.629) and PW (R2 = 0.621) were moderately predicted by variables such as sex, body weight, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, water consumption estimated by DR, urinary aldosterone and osmolality, creatinine clearance and wet-bulb globe temperature. The PW estimates from DR were ~40% lower than those from DLW method, despite a significant correlation between the values. WT and PW are associated not only with lifestyle and environmental factors but also with urinary markers and kidney function. These findings provide useful insights into the differences in each individual's water requirement.

Eco-Driving on Hilly Roads in a Mixed Traffic Environment: A Model Predictive Control Approach

Human driving behavior significantly affects vehicle fuel economy and emissions on hilly roads. This paper presents an ecological (eco) driving scheme (EDS) on hilly roads using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) in a mixed traffic environment. A nonlinear optimization problem with a relevant prediction horizon and a cost function is formulated using variables impacting the fuel economy of vehicles. The EDS minimizes vehicle fuel usage and emissions by generating the optimum velocity trajectory considering the longitudinal motion dynamics, the preceding vehicle’s state, and slope information from the digital road map. Furthermore, the immediate vehicle velocity and angle of the road slope are used to tune the cost function’s weight utilizing fuzzy inference methods for smooth maneuvering on slopes. Microscopic traffic simulations are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed EDS for different penetration rates on a real hilly road in Fukuoka City, Japan, in a mixed traffic environment with the conventional (human-based) driving scheme (CDS). The results show that the fuel consumption and emissions of vehicles are significantly reduced by the proposed NMPC-based EDS compared to the CDS for varying penetration rates. Additionally, the proposed EDS significantly increases the average speed of vehicles on the hilly road. The proposed scheme can be deployed as an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS).

Geospatial Optimization of Location-Dependent Costs for Gravity Energy Storage Plants in a Mountainous Suburban Area: The Case of Fukuoka City, Japan

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Gravity Energy Storage (GES) systems are recently being considered as a viable solution for storing intermittent renewable energy power, specifically in high curtailment zones. While a few studies have analyzed the material costs of GES systems, there is a paucity of literature on analyzing the socioeconomic costs of GES systems. This study analyzes the location-dependent costs of GES plants using a multi-factor spatial parameterization model for evaluating the existence of a point of minimum cost in a suburban mountainous geography. A case study of 500x500 points in a 50x50km2 area in the suburban area of Fukuoka city in Japan is performed. It is found that the cost of material transportation and transmission is more dominant in determining the position of an optimal cost location than factors of excavation and land costs. The position of the minima is also related to the principal urban area in that the line connecting the Center Business District (CBD) and suburban flat areas (line 1) is where the potential minima lie. The intersection point of an orthogonal to the line connecting the CBD with a substation nearest to the flat area with line 1, is the potential zone of minima location. The findings of this study are critical for urban energy planners and reveals how socioeconomic cost factors can aid in geolocation a suitable GES installation site.</span></p>

Evolutionary dynamics of the novel ST22-PT methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone co-harbouring Panton–Valentine leucocidin and duplicated toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 genes

ObjectivesGlobally, the isolation of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) harbouring both the Panton–Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) genes is rare. However, we encountered an outbreak of the ST22-PT clone exhibiting this phenotype in Japan. Notably, the TSST-1 gene was duplicated in most of the strains. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this gene duplication. MethodsA total of 90 MRSA isolates were collected from the skin of outpatients in Fukuoka City, Japan, between 2017 and 2019. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on MRSA strains that were PVL and TSST-1 positive. ResultsA total of 43 (47.8%) strains produced TSST-1, 20 (22.2%) produced PVL, and 16 (17.8%) produced both. Fifteen isolates were classified as ST22/SCCmec type IVa (ST22-PT clone) and one as ST1/SCCmec type V (ST1-PT clone). Three distinct ST22-PT clones were identified: Fukuoka clone I (one PVL gene and one TSST-1 gene), Fukuoka clone II (addition of a TSST-1 gene to Fukuoka clone I), and Fukuoka clone III (marked by a chromosomal inversion in a large region from Fukuoka clone II). DiscussionFukuoka clone I may have integrated a novel pathogenicity island bearing the TSST-1 gene, leading to the emergence of Fukuoka clone II with a duplicated TSST-1 gene. This duplication subsequently instigated a chromosomal inversion in a large region owing to the homologous sequence surrounding TSST-1, giving rise to Fukuoka clone III. These findings provide crucial insights into the genetic evolution of MRSA.

The Impact of an Undergraduate Community-Based Medical Education Program in a Japanese Urban City.

With an aging global population posing healthcare challenges, especially in community healthcare, training professionals for community healthcare remains a global educational challenge, including in Japan. While previous research shows increased student interest in community healthcare through practical experiences, the focus has primarily been on rural areas, leaving a gap in understanding urban-based community medical education. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of urban community-based medical education on students' understanding and attitudes toward community healthcare. This study was conducted at Kyushu University in Fukuoka City, the sixth-largest city in Japan. For fifth-grade medical students, a community-based medical education program is mandatory, with a one-week schedule that includes orientation, one day in a clinic, and three days in a community hospital. The program aimed to expose students to various healthcare settings, emphasizing outpatient care, inpatient management, home health care, home nursing, and rehabilitation. A self-administered questionnairereferencing the Model Core Curriculum for medical educationwas administered immediately before and after the program, and the differences in students' perceptions were assessed using the Student's t-test. Findings from 188 students completing both pre- and post-program questionnaires revealed significant improvements in perceptions of students' knowledge and skills related to community healthcare. After the training, there was a noteworthy positive shift in attitudes toward community healthcare and increased interest in primary care physicians as a career choice. Although students maintained a preference for urban areas, there was a notable inclination towards rural settings.The study highlights the program's success in enhancing students' understanding and positive attitudes toward community healthcare within an urban context. It challenges prior notions regarding work-life balance and urban-rural preferences in career choices. Urban community-based medical education significantly improved students' perceptions and attitudes toward community healthcare. It offers valuable insights for curriculum planners, emphasizing the need for continued research into sustained effects and broader applicability.

Database profile of the Fukuoka-City Information Platform for Community-based Integrated Care.

The Fukuoka-City Information Platform for Community-based Integrated Care is an advanced big data platform that aggregates information on the health and medical services of Fukuoka citizens. Fukuoka City is engaged in a joint project with Kyushu University to promote policy making through a large-scale real-world data analysis. This paper describes the framework for this cooperative effort and the features of the analytical platform. Fukuoka City is the fifth most populous ordinance-designated city in Japan, with an estimated population of approximately 1.6 million. Under an agreement with Fukuoka City, Kyushu University was granted access to a portion of the city's anonymized healthcare database as secondary-use information. The database contains information on resident registration, health insurance claims, specific health checkups and health checkups for the older adults, specific health guidance, long-term care insurance data, and cancer screenings collected after fiscal year 2012. Each of these constituent datasets can be interlinked using anonymized hashed key variables, allowing individuals to be followed across databases and over time. The platform allows longitudinal investigation of the complex association between various aspects of healthcare, such as medical procedures, examinations, interviews, medical costs, long-term care certifications, and care costs. The platform can provide valuable public-health information because it is relatively large for a single database, and because it allows analysis of data across multiple domains and tracing of individuals over time.

Groundwater Change on tunnel Collapse Accident and Responses after the Accident in the Fukuoka City Subway Nanakuma Line

Groundwater Change on tunnel Collapse Accident and Responses after the Accident in the Fukuoka City Subway Nanakuma Line

Public space management to promote migration and interaction in the central part of Fukuoka City

Public space management to promote migration and interaction in the central part of Fukuoka City

Medical opioid disposal in Fukuoka and Kumamoto cities.

Medical expenses are increasing year by year in Japan. However, the quantity of disposed medical opioids is not well known. In this study, we assessed disposed medical opioids in community pharmacies of Fukuoka city and in all of medical organizations of Kumamoto cities for 3 and 2 years, respectively. We collected official opioid disposal reports in Kumamoto city and Fukuoka City Pharmaceutical Association disposal information sheet in Fukuoka city. The total amount of disposed opioids was worth 7.1 million ¥ from 2017 to 2019 in Fukuoka city, and 8.9 million ¥ in for 2 years (2018 and 2019) in Kumamoto city. In Fukuoka city, the most disposed opioid was 20 mg Oxycontin®, worth approximately 940,000 ¥. In Kumamoto city we assessed data in different organizations. The most disposed opioid was 5 mg Oxinorm® at a cost of 600,000 ¥ at the medical institutions over the 2-year study period. The most disposed opioid was 40 mg Oxycontin®, at a cost of 640,000 ¥ in community pharmacies. Two hundred µg E-fen® buccal tablet was the most disposed of opioid, was amounting to 960,000 ¥ in wholesalers. On the whole in Kumamoto city, non-dispensing was the most common reason of disposal. These results indicate that the amount of disposed opioids is huge. Small package simulation studies suggest that smaller package units of MS-Contin®, Anpec® suppository, and Abstral® sublingual tablet may be able to reduce the amount of disposed opioids.

Transition of distribution and present condition on Kagai in Fukuoka City

花街は日本の文化をソフト・ハード両面から包括的に継承している稀有な場であり、近年ではその価値が再評価されつつある。福岡市では、建築的価値の高い料亭が現存している。それに加え、券番は合併と独立を繰り返してきた。本研究では福岡市の花街を対象に1924年頃、1956年頃、1974年頃、現時点の2020年の4時点での料理屋を中心とした花街建築の分布とその変遷を明らかにする。主な結論としては、１）新に券番の位置を敷地単位で4か所発見したこと、２）調査した4時点の内、料理屋は1924年が最も多かったこと、３）料理屋の分布は昭和期にかけて博多から福岡まで広がったこと、４）ほとんどの料理屋は中洲及び博多に分布していることが挙げられる。

福岡市のコミュニティパーク事業による公園緑地を活用した見守り・交流創出効果の検証

福岡市は公園の使いづらさや見守り・支え合い機能の低下などの課題の解決に向け、コミュニティパーク事業を展開し、一定条件を満たす場合、公園施設の休養・教養施設である「パークハウス」の設置を認めている。本研究では見守りを「顔見知り以上の関係性で互いを気に掛け合う」、交流を「挨拶以上の関わり」とし、パークハウスの見守り・交流創出効果を検証することを目的に、パークハウスを設置する公園で和風カフェや園芸教室といった企画を3回開催した。結果、地域住民に企画者になってもらい、孤立の兆しのあるその知人を巻き込むことで、見守り効果を創出できた。また閉じこもりや会話欠如型孤立傾向のある地域住民を含め参加者に対し、新たな顔見知りをつくったり、顔見知りとも関係性を深めたりといった、交流の機会を創出した。今後は継続的な開催による長期的な検証が望まれる。

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE DISASTER PREVENTION AND RISK AVOIDANCE CAPABILITY OF URBAN DOTTED-LIKE GREEN OPEN SPACES IN CHINA AND JAPAN

The widely distributed and feature-rich dotted-like green open spaces are important disaster prevention nodes in the city’s comprehensive disaster prevention system. This study takes the urban dotted-like green open spaces in Qinhuai district of Nanjing City and Nishi-ku district of Fukuoka City as the research object, selects 17 aspects of space form, infrastructure and surrounding environment to conduct field surveys, and uses SPSS25.0 software to survey data perform descriptive statistical analysis and cluster analysis to reflect the problems of construction in both countries, and propose corresponding disaster prevention construction recommendations for different types of dotted-like green open spaces.

Increase in traffic injury crashes following the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan: A model comparison

Objective Following natural disasters, the number of motor vehicle crashes may increase as drivers are often forced to drive under stressful conditions. This study aims to analyze the changes in motor vehicle crashes that resulted in injury or death (injury crash) following the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan. An existing study reported that the increased crashes resulted in property damage following the earthquake; however, the effects on injury crashes remain unreported. Methods Interrupted time series analysis is employed to investigate the changes in injury crashes following the earthquake. The results are compared based on several time series models, including negative binomial and autoregressive integrated moving average models. Monthly injury-crash data from 2011 to 2020 in Kumamoto and Fukuoka city is used. Results The results reveal a 1,642-count or 20% increase (1.20-times increase, 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.27) in injury crashes due to the earthquake in Kumamoto city, where the earthquake damage was heavy. In contrast, statistically significant change is not detected in Fukuoka city, where the earthquake damage is negligible. Conclusion The results indicate that the earthquake has increased the motor-vehicle-crash risk and that traffic crash alerts are important following disasters.

Vasospastic angina in a boy with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia due to heterogenous large deletion around ENG.

Pediatrics InternationalAccepted Articles e15500 CLINICAL NOTE Vasospastic angina in a boy with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia due to heterogenous large deletion around ENG Kentaro Narazaki, Kentaro Narazaki orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-7551 Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorYusaku Nagatomo, Corresponding Author Yusaku Nagatomo [email protected] Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan Correspondence Yusaku Nagatomo, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, 812-8582, JAPAN, Tel: +81-92-642-5421, Fax: +81-92-642-5435. E-mail address: Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorKiyoshi Uike, Kiyoshi Uike Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMotoshi Sonoda, Motoshi Sonoda Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorHazumu Nagata, Hazumu Nagata Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorKenichiro Yamamura, Kenichiro Yamamura orcid.org/0000-0002-5684-1330 Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorShouichi Ohga, Shouichi Ohga Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this author Kentaro Narazaki, Kentaro Narazaki orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-7551 Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorYusaku Nagatomo, Corresponding Author Yusaku Nagatomo [email protected] Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan Correspondence Yusaku Nagatomo, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, 812-8582, JAPAN, Tel: +81-92-642-5421, Fax: +81-92-642-5435. E-mail address: Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorKiyoshi Uike, Kiyoshi Uike Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMotoshi Sonoda, Motoshi Sonoda Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorHazumu Nagata, Hazumu Nagata Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorKenichiro Yamamura, Kenichiro Yamamura orcid.org/0000-0002-5684-1330 Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorShouichi Ohga, Shouichi Ohga Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 February 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.15500 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi:10.1111/ped.15500. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Accepted ArticlesAccepted, unedited articles published online and citable. The final edited and typeset version of record will appear in the future.e15500 RelatedInformation

APPLICATION OF COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN SYSTEM FOR ESTATES IN FUKUOKA CITY

Comprehensive Design System for Estates is a system in which multiple sites are regarded as single one, and various regulations regarding buildings are relaxed. This system has been utilized in the construction of housing complexes, but it has also caused problems in the implementation of revitalization projects, including reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to discuss the utilization of the system in Fukuoka City based on the process of legal development, and to examine the problems that the system has in promoting the renewal of housing estates.

Efficacy of Mask Wearing in Preventing the Deleterious Health Effects of the Ionic Components of PM2.5-Possibility Seen in Allergic Patients

Mask wearing can protect health care workers. However, its efficacy in avoiding the health effects of air pollution is not well studied. Recently, we evaluated the relationship between air pollution and health status or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). At the beginning of that study, about 20% of people were wearing masks. However, in the same period one year later, most people were wearing masks because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, in this study, we examined the relationship between mask wearing, concentration of ionic components of PM2.5, respiratory symptoms, and PEFR. Seventy-two patients in Fukuoka City with asthma and allergic diseases measured PEFR daily and recorded respiratory symptoms and mask wearing in a diary. We measured the ionic components of PM2.5 in Fukuoka City and examined the relationships between patient measurements, mask wearing, and air pollution. Univariate analysis showed that, in 2020, but not in 2021, some ionic components of PM2.5, i.e., Cl−, NO3−, Na+, and Mg2+, were significantly correlated with the frequency of cough and nasal symptoms and a decrease in PEFR. Some ionic components of PM2.5 may increase the frequency of respiratory symptoms and decrease PEFR in patients with allergic diseases; however, this tendency is not seen when masks are used. The use of masks may be one of the factors that attenuate the effects of PM2.5 ionic components.

The Ionic Component of PM2.5 May Be Associated with Respiratory Symptoms and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

(1) Background: Few studies have evaluated the association between the ionic components of PM2.5 and respiratory symptoms or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). The aim of this study was to clarify these associations. (2) Methods: Patients with allergic diseases treated at Fukuoka Hospital recorded their morning and evening PEFR and respiratory symptoms in a diary. We measured PM2.5 and its ionic components in Fukuoka City and examined the relationship with PEFR and respiratory symptoms by univariate and multivariate analysis. (3) Results: Among the ionic components of PM2.5, Cl−, NO3−, Na+, K+, and Mg2+ were significantly correlated with the frequency of coughing and nasal symptoms. In univariate analysis, the concentrations of each of the above ions was significantly associated with a decrease in PEFR and the concentrations of each was associated with at least one respiratory symptom or PEFR. Multivariate analysis of items significantly correlated with PEFR indicated that the concentration of ionic components may predict changes in PEFR. (4) Conclusions: In patients with allergic diseases, some ionic components of PM2.5 may increase the frequency of respiratory symptoms and decrease PEFR, so further study and caution are required in daily clinical practice.

Seasonal variations of diurnal cycles of aerosols and gases in the Fukuoka Plain, Japan: Effects of local meteorology and atmospheric chemistry

Simultaneous measurements of wind profiles and of atmospheric substances such as aerosols and reactive gases were conducted at Fukuoka University in the western urban area of Japan to elucidate relations between local circulation and variations of aerosols and gases. Spatial variations of wind speed and direction over the Fukuoka Plain were measured using Doppler LIDAR. Some atmospheric substances such as black carbon, organic carbon, CO, and NOx were found to have maxima in morning (07–11 JST) and evening (18–20 JST), when diurnal cycles of wind direction and speed were observed near the surface. Doppler LIDAR data indicated clearly that the diurnal cycles of wind profiles were associated with sea breezes and land breezes over the Fukuoka Plain. The diurnal variations of aerosols and gases might be attributed to local anthropogenic emissions such as vehicle exhaust from Fukuoka city and vessels in the Hakata Bay and the sea and land breeze cycles. Strengths of morning peaks and evening peaks showed clear seasonal changes, with stronger peaks during the colder seasons and weaker peaks during the warmer and hot months. Slopes related to BC, OC, NOx, and CO were found to have seasonal changes. These seasonal changes were associated with the presence of a surface inversion layer in colder seasons, efficient photochemical reactions in the summer, and changes of fuel emission factors.

An Equity Evaluation on Accessibility of Primary Healthcare Facilities by Using V2SFCA Method: Taking Fukuoka City, Japan, as a Case Study

The primary healthcare facilities are among the most basic needs of the residents, huge in quantity and widespread. Their distributions are directly related to people’s health, which affects the sustainable development of cities. The accessibility calculation of primary level healthcare facilities and the equity evaluation of accessibility from the perspective of medical service category and urban population is very important for the decision-making of layout and configuration but has been ignored for a long time. This study took the primary healthcare facilities of Fukuoka city in Japan as research objects; it first used the variable two-step floating catchment area (V2SFCA) method to calculate the healthcare catchment areas (HCAs) of medical service providers and the population catchment area (PCAs) of medical demand locations, and then obtained the accessibility to primary healthcare facilities. Finally, the spatial disparities of accessibility were evaluated from three aspects: overall space distribution by using Global and Local Moran’s I, service quality, and the population to be served. The results showed that HCAs were from 500 m to 6400 m, PCAs ranged from 500 m to 3000 m, the use of variable catchments can improve the accuracy of accessibility assessment results; the accessibility of primary healthcare facilities was clustered and had significant spatial differences, which were high in urban center and low in suburban area; the obvious differences in the accessibility distribution characteristics of clinics in differential diagnosis and treatment departments led to different degrees of unsaturation in the types of medical services obtained by residents; although the elderly’s demand for basic medical care was many times higher than that of other age groups, the accessibility in high-demand areas was generally low, and the situation in severely high-demand areas was more serious. This work puts forward a multi-dimensional realistic evaluation system for equality accessibility of primary healthcare facilities, providing the data support for the medical resources and facilities’ allocation and the intensive land use.

Implementation of blue carbon offset crediting for seagrass meadows, macroalgal beds, and macroalgae farming in Japan

The “blue carbon” concept and the role of blue carbon stored in shallow coastal ecosystems in mitigating climate change have attracted attention worldwide. In addition to typical blue carbon ecosystems, such as mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrass meadows, macroalgal beds and macroalgae farming are also gaining recognition as potential blue carbon sinks. Effective policies and methodologies are important for the conservation and expansion of blue carbon sinks, as well as the consequent reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). One of the most effective methods is carbon offset credit schemes. However, to date, almost all credit schemes have been implemented for mangroves and saltmarshes. None has been implemented for seagrass meadows, macroalgal beds, and macroalgae farming, although their CO2 uptake potentials are large. Here, we review three blue carbon offset credit projects for seagrass meadows, macroalgal beds, and macroalgae farming implemented in Japan. We show the blue carbon offset crediting projects of (1) Yokohama City, the first in the world; (2) Fukuoka City, the second such project in Japan; and (3) the first Japanese national governmental demonstration project. Furthermore, we highlight their characteristics by comparing them with the other blue carbon offset projects. Finally, we discuss the need to accelerate blue carbon offset credit projects and related initiatives in the future.