Fujian Province Of China Research Articles

Yinghao Sun: leader of research on prostate cancer in China

Yinghao Sun: leader of research on prostate cancer in China

Trade-off between water pollution prevention, agriculture profit, and farmer practice--an optimization methodology for discussion on land-use adjustment in China.

Agricultural decision-making to control nonpoint source (NPS) water pollution may not be efficiently implemented, if there is no appropriate cost-benefit analysis on agricultural management practices. This paper presents an interval-fuzzy linear programming (IFLP) model to deal with the trade-off between agricultural revenue, NPS pollution control, and alternative practices through land adjustment for Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province of China. From the results, the lower combination of practice 1, practice 2, practice 3, and practice 7 with the land area of 12.6, 5.2, 145.2, and 85.3 hm(2), respectively, could reduce NPS pollution load by 10%. The combination yields an income of 98,580 Chinese Yuan/a. If the pollution reduction is 15%, the higher combination need practice 1, practice 2, practice 3, practice 5, and practice 7 with the land area of 54.4, 23.6, 18.0, 6.3, and 85.3 hm(2), respectively. The income of this combination is 915,170 Chinese Yuan/a. The sensitivity analysis of IFLP indicates that the cost-effective practices are ranked as follows: practice 7 > practice 2 > practice 1 > practice 5 > practice 3 > practice 6 > practice 4. In addition, the uncertainties in the agriculture NPS pollution control system could be effectively quantified by the IFLP model. Furthermore, to accomplish a reasonable and applicable project of land-use adjustment, decision-makers could also integrate above solutions with their own experience and other information.

The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Longlin pig (Sus Scrofa)

Longlin pig is a native breed of Fujian province in China. It is the first time that the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Longlin pig is reported in this work, which is determined through the PCR-based method. The total length of the mitognome is 16,699 bp, which contains 1 control region (D-loop region), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 PCGs and 22 tRNA genes. The total base composition of Longlin pig mitochondrial genome is 34.67% for A, 26.21% for C, 25.80% for T and 13.33% for G, in the order A>C>T>G. The complete mitochondrial genome of Longlin pig provides an important data in genetic mechanism and the evolution genomes.

The complete sequence of mitochondrial genome of Wuyi Black pig (Sus Scrofa)

Wuyi Black pig is a native breed of Fujian province in China. It is the first time that the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Wuyi Black pig is reported in this work, which is determined through the PCR-based method. The total length of the mitognome is 16,709 bp, which contains 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, 13 PCGs and 1 control region (D-loop region). The total base composition of Wuyi Black pig mitochondrial genome is 34.67% for A, 26.20% for C, 25.81% for T and 13.33% for G, in the order A > C > T > G. The complete mitochondrial genome of Wuyi Black pig provides an important data in genetic mechanism and the evolution genomes.

Litoribrevibacter albus gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater, Fujian Province, China.

A Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped aerobic bacterium with flagella, designated strain Y32(T), was isolated from coastal seawater in Xiamen, Fujian Province of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain Y32(T) is a member of the family Oceanospirillaceae, forming a distinct lineage with species of the genus Litoribacillus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain Y32(T) and other strains were all less than 94.0%. Strain Y32(T) was found to grow optimally at 28°C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 4-5% (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were identified as Summed Feature 3 (comprising C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c, 49.4%), C16:0 (17.7%), C14:0 (6.9%) and C18:1 ω9c (5.4%). The major respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain Y32(T) was determined to be 55.6mol%. According to its morphology, physiology, fatty acid composition, polar lipids composition and 16S rRNA gene sequence data, strain Y32(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Oceanospirillaceae, for which the name Litoribrevibacter albus gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Litoribrevibacter albus is Y32(T) (=MCCC 1F01211(T)=NBRC 110071(T)).

Self-directed learning readiness and nursing competency among undergraduate nursing students in Fujian province of China

AimsWe examined the relationship between self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) and nursing competency among undergraduate nursing students. BackgroundThere is little evidence-based data related to the relationship between self-directed learning (SDL) and nursing competency. MethodsA descriptive correlational design was used. We conducted convenience sampling of 519 undergraduate nursing students from three universities during their final period of clinical practice. We investigated SDL according to the SDLR scale for nursing education (Chinese translation version), and used the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses to evaluate nursing competency. ResultsThe mean SDLR score of the students was 148.55 (standard deviation [SD] 18.46), indicating intermediate and higher SDLR. The mean score for nursing competency was 142.31 (SD30.39), indicating intermediate nursing competence. SDLR had a significant positive and strong relationship with nursing competency. ConclusionSDLR is a predictor of nursing competency.

Applied-Information Technology in the Relationship Research between Industry Structure and Discipline Structure of Higher Education in Fujian Province of China

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the industry structure and discipline structure of higher education in Fujian province of China. It draws on the data about the industry structure from the Fujian Statistical Yearbook (2005-2012) and the data about the discipline structure from Fujian Education Statistical Yearbook (1949-2012). After correlation analysis and comparison analysis between the industry structure in the GDP value and the labor in Fujian Province from 2005-2012 and the discipline structure in Fujian’s universities and colleges from2005-2012, this article concludes that the industry structure decides the discipline structure of higher education in a district and the discipline structure also affects the industry structure, and for the universities and colleges in Fujian Province, they should pay more attention to the development of engineering programs, increase the enrollment of them and relatively decrease the enrollment of the art students.

Mechanism Analysis and Prevention Method for Tunnel Fire

By analyzing the typical fire cases and tunnel fire statistics during 2008 to 2013 in Fujian province of China, results shows that the main causes for the fire were vehicle accidents and spontaneous combustion. By the investigation, there are three approaches to prevent the tunnel fire exposed to different combustibles. For flammable solid, an effective method to prevent fires is to decrease the maximum environment temperature and the product concentration. For flammable liquid, adjusting the ambient temperature and enhancing ventilation can prevent or reduce the fire accidents. For flammable gas, the effective method to prevent the fire is to decrease the fuel density and the ambient temperature. So, for long tunnels or busy tunnels, it must strengthen the management of the vehicles. Moreover, in the hot season and rush hour it should control the ambient temperature inside the tunnels.

Do forest producers benefit from the forest disaster insurance program? Empirical evidence in Fujian Province of China

Disaster insurance programs have been recognized as an effective strategy to reduce agricultural production risk. Although a considerable body of literature has focused on natural disaster insurance programs for agricultural producers, not much is known about forest disaster insurance. This paper contributes to this knowledge gap by looking at the Fujian Forest Disaster Insurance (FFDI) program in China. In particular, we examine the extent to which the socio-demographic characteristics and production practice of forest producers, along with other factors, are associated with their participation decision to the program. Moreover, we assess the impact of the FFDI program on household income. Using a household survey of 950 forest producers in Fujian Province in China, it is evident that the education of forest producers, participation in producers' organizations in the local area, and the incidence of forest fires in the local counties are significant determinants of participation in the FFDI program. With respect to the welfare effect, we found that the FFDI program significantly increased household income by approximately 10%.

Population genetics analysis of 38 STR loci in the She population from Fujian Province of China.

A total of 38 autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci (i.e., D5S818, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1P0, D2S1338, D3S1358, vWA, D8S1179, D16S539, Penta E, TPOX, TH01, D19S433, D18S51, FGA, D6S1043, D13S317, D12S391, D6S474, D12ATA63, D22S1045, D10S1248, D1S1677, D11S4463, D1S1627, D3S4529, D2S441, D6S1017, D4S2408, D17S1301, D1GATA113, D18S853, D20S482, D14S1434, D9S1122, D2S1776, D10S1435, D5S2500) were analyzed in the She population from Fujian Province of China with 154 unrelated individuals. The results show these 38 STR loci have high or medium power of discrimination and probabilities of exclusion. The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium of each locus and Linkage Disequilibrium among these loci were tested. The genetic distances (i.e., Fst) among the She population and other Chinese populations were estimated. In conclusion, these loci are very useful for forensic applications, especially kinship analysis, in the She population of this region.

Chemical Components of the Tuber of Alocasia cucullata

Alocasia cucullata Schott is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Fujian Provinces in China (Wu, 1990). Its tuber (Chinese name “jianweiyu”) is a well-known ethnic medicine of the Zhuang nationality in China and is used to treat cancer, reduce swelling, for detoxification, and to ease pain. The antitumor effects of this herb have been preliminarily confirmed because of its widespread clinical application in China for centuries. Nevertheless, up to now, no systematic study has been done on the antitumor constituents of A. cucullata, and the occurrence of an N-acetyl-D-lactosamine (LacNAc)-specific lectin has been reported in a previous investigation of A. cucullata [1]. Our previous pharmacological study further showed the presence of cytotoxic activity in a 50% ethanol extract [2]. In this article we report the isolation of a total of 12 substances: steroid (1), alkaloids (2–4), and phenolic substances (5–12) for the first time from the genus Alocasia. Plant Material. The tubers of A. cucullata were collected in Sichuang Province, China, in May 2011 and identified by Prof. Bao-Kang Huang (Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China). A voucher specimen (Zheng 5580) has been deposited in the Herbarium of the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Processing of Plant Material. The tubers of A. cucullata (5 kg) were powdered and extracted three times with 50% EtOH. The extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude residue (200 g), which was extracted successively with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol. The n-butanol fraction, concentrated to dryness (30 g), was further fractionated on a silica gel chromatography column (600 g of silica gel 60, 70–230 mesh; CHCl3–MeOH–H2O [(15:0.4:1,10:0.4:1, and 5:0.4:1) gradient)] to give four fractions, Frs. A, B, C, and D which were further fractionated on a silica gel chromatographic column (RP-18): CC of Fr. A (2.2 g) (RP-18, 200 g; CH3OH–H2O 4:1) gave 1 (30 mg), 2 (36 mg), 3 (30 mg), and 4 (28 mg); CC of Fr. B (6.2 g) (RP-18, 400 g; CH3OH–H2O 1:1) gave 3 (20 mg), 4 (100 mg), 5 (46 mg), 6 (30 mg), 7 (58 mg), and Fr. B (0.9 g), which were pooled. Fraction B was chromatographed on Sephadex LH-20 (CH3OH–H2O 1:1) yielding 8 (32 mg). CC of Fr. C (5.2 g) (RP-18, 400 g; CH3OH–H2O 2:1) gave 9 (30 mg) and 10 (34 mg). CC of Fr. D (2.1 g) (RP-18, 400 g; CH3OH–H2O 4:1) gave 11 (21 mg) and 12 (25 mg). Compound 1, C35H60O6, white amorphous powder (MeOH), mp 134–135 C. ESI-MS m/z 577 [M + H]+. Its physical constants and spectral data were in agreement with those of -daucosterol [3]. Compound 2, C10H13N5O4, white amorphous powder (MeOH), mp 234.4–235.4 C. ESI-MS m/z 268 [M + H] +. Its physical constants and spectral data were in agreement with those of -adenosine [4]. Compound 3, C6H6N2O, white amorphous powder (MeOH), mp 129–130 C. ESI-MS m/z 121 [M – H]–. Its physical constants and spectral data were in agreement with those of niacinamide [5]. Compound 4, C9H7NO, white gum (MeOH). ESI-MS m/z 146 [M + H] +. Its physical constants and spectral data were in agreement with those of 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde [5]. Compound 5, C9H10O3, yellow oil, mp 49–50 C. ESI-MS m/z 167 [M + H]+. Its physical constants and spectral data were in agreement with those of paeonol [6]. Compound 6, C7H6O5, yellow powder. ESI-MS m/z 171 [M + H] +. Its physical constants and spectral data were in agreement with those of gallic acid [6].

Wind turbine clutter signature for maritime UHF radar

Scattering signal variability due to wind turbine blade rotation usually degrades the performance of nearby radio systems, which severely inhibits the development of wind power installation. As for the maritime ultra-high frequency (UHF) radar, the wind turbine clutter (WTC) may mask small targets and increase the error of sea state measurement. In order to solve the problem from the radar side, a complete understanding of the WTC signature is needed. Using the data of a 10-day in-field experiment on the coast of Fujian Province of China, this paper studies the empirical characteristics of WTC in maritime UHF radar from several signal processing domains, including the time, frequency, space, and polarization domains. Several methods for detection and mitigation of WTC are proposed which are based on the unique characteristics of WTC, such as the time-periodicity, frequency expansion, space concentration, and much stronger magnitude than the ocean-scattered signals when both the transmitting and receiving antennas are horizontally polarized.

Associations of green tea and rock tea consumption with risk of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in Chinese men and women.

ObjectiveTo explore the associations of green tea and rock tea consumption with risk of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).MethodsA multistage, stratified, cluster, random-sampling method was used to select a representative sample from Fujian Province in China. In total, 4808 subjects without cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, or pancreatic, liver, kidney, or gastrointestinal diseases were enrolled in the study. A standard questionnaire was used to gather data on tea (green, rock, and black) consumption and other relevant factors. The assessment of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) was using 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the diagnostic criteria of normal glucose tolerance was according to American Diabetes Association.ResultsGreen tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of IFG, while rock tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of IGT. The adjusted odds ratios for IFG for green tea consumption of <1, 1–15, 16–30, and >30 cups per week were 1.0 (reference), 0.42 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.27–0.65), 0.23 (95% CI, 0.12–0.46), and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.17–0.93), respectively. The adjusted odds ratios for IGT for rock tea consumption of <1, 1–15, 16–30, and >30 cups per week were 1.0 (reference), 0.69 (95% CI, 0.48–0.98), 0.59 (95% CI, 0.39–0.90), and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.43–0.97), respectively. A U-shaped association was observed, subjects who consumed 16–30 cups of green or rock tea per week having the lowest odds ratios for IFG or IGT.ConclusionsConsumption of green or rock tea may protect against the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese men and women, particularly in those who drink 16–30 cups per week.

Steps towards Preventive HIV Treatment in Fujian, China: Problems Identified via an Assessment of Initial Antiretroviral Therapy Provision

BackgroundAt the end of 2009, a total of 501 AIDS patients were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Fujian Province in China, yet there were no assessments to determine treatment efficacy and HIV-1 preventive potency under the current health care delivery system.MethodsDuring the period of 2005–2009, we assessed the outcomes of initial ART by following up 381 patients for 12 months in Fujian Province. CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD4) count, plasma viral load (VL), and patient characteristics were analysed. The results were compared between 4 groups divided by the baseline CD4 values at the 25, 50 (median), and 75 percentiles.FindingsOver three-quarters of the subjects reported heterosexual contact as the probable route of transmission. After 12 months of ART, CD4 recovery varied between the 4 groups (P < 0.001), but VL sharply declined regardless of the baseline CD4 count (P = 0.136). Although this VL decline indicates the potency of ART as an HIV-1 prevention tool, the time between positive diagnosis and ART initiation suggests serious delay in both diagnosis and treatment; the medians of periods for the lowest and highest baseline CD4 quartiles were 1.2 and 9.6 months, respectively.ConclusionCurrent limitations in VL determination make it difficult to assess the efficacy of initial ART, and delays in diagnosis and treatment suggest that subjects contributed to HIV-1 transmission while they were not receiving ART. The current National Free ART scheme does not provide free treatment for sexually transmitted infection (STI), and there is no link between ART and the STI care delivery system. This may interfere with the HIV-1 preventive potency of ART. We highly recommend establishing a collaborating mechanism with STI care, strengthening the VL determination system, and promoting HIV tests and early ART initiation.

The Visualization of Soil Moisture Based on VB and Surfer

This article discusses the basic principle of how to use Visual Basic6.0 programming language called Surfer8.0 for embedded programming, describe the key technical, give an example of 32 automatic stations of soil moisture map of Fujian Province in China, through VB to call the drawing function of Surfer, full play the grid capacity and drawing functions of Surfer, performance visual graphics data. Display and output the city (county) and site map which can judge and measure the arid locations, will be of great help and guidance, provide scientific basis for the leadership decision-making.

Emigration from China in Comparative Perspective.

Comparative research on international migration has increasingly focused on immigrant integration rather than the process of emigration. By investigating the different streams of Chinese migration to the United States and Europe, as well as the different stages of Chinese migration to the U.S., this study examines the way in which both receiving and sending contexts combine to shape the process of emigration. Using data from a 2002-2003 survey of emigration from China's Fujian Province, we demonstrate that under restrictive exit and entry policies and high barriers to migration (i.e., clandestine migration from Fuzhou to the U.S.), resources such as migrant social capital, political capital (cadre resources), and human capital all play a crucial role in the emigration process. However, the roles of these resources in the migration process are limited when migration barriers are sufficiently low and when local governments adopt proactive policies promoting emigration (i.e., legal migration from Mingxi to Europe). Comparisons over time suggest that the importance of migrant social capital, political capital, and human capital has strongly persisted for Fuzhou-US emigration, as a result of tightening exit and entry policies. Despite these marked differences between Fuzhou and Mingxi emigration, the results also point to two general processes that are highly consistent across settings and over time-the cumulative causation of migration and the advantage conferred by traditional positional power (cadre status).

Occurrence and distribution of veterinary antibiotics and tetracycline resistance genes in farmland soils around swine feedlots in Fujian Province, China

Six antibiotics, tetracyclines (TCs), and quinolones (QNs) in farmland soils from four coastal cities in Fujian Province of China were investigated. Oxytetracycline was most frequently detected, followed by enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, chlorotetracycline, ofloxacin, and tetracycline, with maximum concentrations of 613.2, 637.3, 237.3, 2668.9, 205.7, and 189.8 μg kg(-1), respectively. Samples from Putian City contained the highest maximum concentration of ∑TCs (3,064.2 μg kg(-1)), whereas those from Fuzhou City contained the highest maximum concentration of ∑QNs (897.8 μg kg(-1)). It is noteworthy that the ∑TCs and ∑QNs in 46.4 and 28.6 % of samples exceeded the ecotoxic effect trigger value (100 μg kg(-1)), respectively. The concentrations of these antibiotics and five tetracycline resistance genes in four soil plots at depth profiles were quantified thereafter. In most cases, both antibiotics and resistance genes decreased with the increase of depth. Some antibiotics can be detected at a depth of 60-80 cm where the abundance of tetO, tetM, and tetX reached up to 10(7) copies g(-1). Additionally, the sum of all tet genes (normalized to 16S rRNA genes) correlated with ∑TCs significantly (r=0.676). Our results suggest that resistance determinants can migrate to deeper soil layers and would probably contaminate groundwater by vertical transport.

Development and cross-species transferability of 23 microsatellite markers from the vulnerable Chinese Egret (Egretta eulophotes) using 454 sequencing

The Chinese Egret (Egretta eulophotes) is a vulnerable waterbird breeding on offshore islands. Here, 23 new microsatellite loci were isolated using 454 pyrosequencing, and were tested in 32 individuals from a single population in Fujian province of China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 9. Observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.094 to 0.844 and 0.091 to 0.840, respectively. All loci showed Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with the exception of three loci (Ee10, Ee17 and Ee23), possibly because of null alleles. The new loci also were confirmed a high cross-amplification success rate in the other seven Ardeid species. These new microsatellite data will provide a major resource for future conservation genetics studies on this vulnerable egret and the other Ardeids.

Bacterial community dynamics during the traditional brewing of Wuyi Hong Qu glutinous rice wine as determined by culture-independent methods

Wuyi Hong Qu (black-skin-red-koji) glutinous rice wine, as one of the most typical representatives of Hong Qu glutinous rice wine in Fujian province of China, is brewed under non-sterile and uncontrolled fermentation condition based on empirical knowledge, causing uncontrollability of fermentation process and instability of the final quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the bacterial dynamics during the traditional fermentation of Wuyi Hong Qu glutinous rice wine using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene clone libraries analysis.The DGGE profile indicated that the dominant bacterial species in the traditional wine fermentation starters were Pediococcus pentosaceus, Pediococcus acidilactici and Bacillus sp. (including Bacillus aryabhattai or Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens). Bacterial dynamic obtained from the PCR-DGGE revealed the presence of Bacillus sp. and LAB (including Lactobacillus plantarum group, Lactobacillus brevis, P. acidilactici and P. pentosaceus) during the traditional fermentation process, but they varied in different brewing phases. The relative proportions of some bacterial species (such as Bacillus sp., P. acidilactici, L. brevis and P. pentosaceus) detected at early fermentation stage decreased as the fermentation progressed. While L. plantarum group was consistently detected with high light band intensity throughout the fermentation process. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries revealed that the two different molecular biological methods gave similar results, but clone library analysis was more representative of the bacterial community to some extent. For example, Leuconostoc mesenteroides was detected by 16S rRNA gene clone library but not discovered by bacterial DGGE profile throughout the whole fermentation process. Therefore, the combined approach of nested PCR-DGGE and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries would give a more comprehensive profile of the bacterial dynamics than either alone. Finally, species-specific multiplex PCR was also performed to confirm the L. plantarum group. Result showed that only L. plantarum can be detected from the total bacterial DNA extracted from samples of different fermentation phases.This is the first report to reveal the dynamics of bacterial species involved in Wuyi Hong Qu glutinous rice wine brewing process using culture-independent methods. It might be useful to control wine production systems and improve wine quality.

The threshold between natural recovery and the need for artificial restoration in degraded lands in Fujian Province, China

Whether to use artificial restoration or to allow natural recovery of degraded land has been an important topic in restoration ecology because of the need to determine the most appropriate way to restore degraded lands that have suffered from serious soil erosion. To identify the threshold between a need for artificial restoration and the possibility of natural recovery, we analyzed the vegetation cover, soil fertility parameters, erosion modulus, and runoff coefficient in 32 plots with different vegetation covers in China's Fujian province from 1999 to 2009. In our study, 20% vegetation cover appeared to be the threshold between natural recovery and artificial restoration. When vegetation cover dropped below 20%, it was difficult to stabilize the original ecological structure and functions based on natural recovery mechanisms, and artificial restoration was needed. By monitoring sites to detect when vegetation cover is approaching this threshold, local managers could determine whether natural or assisted recovery represents the most appropriate strategy for ecological restoration.