Fuel Injection Parameters Research Articles

Study on control-oriented emission predictions of PPCI diesel engine with two-stage fuel injection

Model predictive control (MPC) is an effective technology used to improve the control accuracy of low temperature combustion engines. The main purpose of this study is to establish a control-oriented emission prediction model based on fuel injection parameters, which provides the basis for the development of MPC controller for PPCI engines. In this study, the combustion model and backpropagation (BP) neural network emission prediction model of a partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) diesel engine were established, through which the real-time combustion and emissions can be realized by inputting two-stage fuel injection parameters. The Wiebe function linearization method was proposed for the combustion model to achieve high-precision reconstruction of combustion at different fuel injection parameters. The nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions were predicted using the combustion characteristics calculated by the combustion model. The results show that the established combustion model can accurately reconstruct the heat release rate and cylinder pressure of PPCI combustion, and the maximum error between the calculated and test values of the combustion parameters is less than 9%. The three-layer BP neural network can achieve high-precision predictions of NOx and PM emissions, with a prediction accuracy greater than 95%. Under the 300th continuous transient seconds, the cumulative prediction error of NOx was 2%, and the cumulative prediction error of PM was 4.9%, indicating high accuracy. This provides the basis for developing MPC controllers for PPCI engines.

Fuel injection strategy optimisation and experimental performance and emissions evaluation of diesel displacement by port fuel injected methanol in a retrofitted mid-size genset engine prototype

The reliance of the transport, agriculture, marine, and power generation sectors on heavy-duty diesel engines would continue in the foreseeable future due to their higher efficiency, torque, fuel economy, and durability, despite growing concerns about emissions. This dependence would rise further due to the unavailability of an equally efficient alternative prime mover having a similar or better power density. The adoption of alternative fuels has emerged as a promising solution to tackle emission issues. Methanol has exhibited great potential to reduce pollutants by adopting advanced combustion technologies among various new fuels. Retrofitment of existing engines can be a viable solution for methanol adaptation because engine design modifications are not practical for on-field engines. The present study focused on evaluating the performance and emissions of a commercial Genset CI engine adapted to operate using diesel-methanol dual-fuel combustion (DFC) technology, which required very few hardware modifications to facilitate retrofitment for methanol adaptation. Inlet charge temperature was controlled using hot air from the turbocharger. Port fuel injection was used to induct methanol into the engine manifold, and a premixed charge entered the engine combustion chamber. This charge was ignited by spraying diesel directly into the engine combustion chamber. The engine's performance and emissions were compared with the OEM configuration (diesel fuelling mode) at methanol's low, medium, and high diesel replacement. The fuel injection parameters (injection timing and pressure) of diesel were varied to obtain optimum fuel injection strategies for various engine loads. A sharp increase in thermal efficiency was observed at 30% diesel displacement (on an energy basis) by methanol at a 9 kW generator load. In contrast, a slight penalty in thermal efficiency was observed at 80% diesel displacement (on an energy basis) by methanol. Higher HC and CO emissions were also observed for the engine using higher methanol fractions. The CO2 emission was comparable to or less than the OEM diesel configuration at identical loads. Exhaust smoke was considerably lower for methanol-fuelled operation, indicating a significant reduction in particulates in the engine exhaust. Advancing fuel injection timings and higher fuel injection pressure of diesel proved to be a good strategy for methanol adaptation in genset engines, with an acceptable cylinder noise.

On the optimization of the double-layer combustion chamber with and without EGR of a diesel engine

This paper focuses on the multi-objective optimization of the fuel injection parameters, combustion chamber geometry parameters and engine operating parameters of a double-layer combustion chamber. Three optimization objectives have been optimized by combining the NSGA-II genetic algorithm and the KIVA-3V program, including the indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC) rate, NOx and soot emissions. Meanwhile, 10 engine parameters, including two injection parameters, six combustion bowl geometry parameters, compression ratio, and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) rate, are optimized simultaneously. The results show that the NOx and soot emissions exhibit an apparent trade-off relationship as well as the NOx emission versus ISFC. In addition, response surface analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of the selected parameters on the optimization objectives. It indicates that the retarded injection timing and EGR are conducive to the reduction of the NOx emission. Moreover, the double-layer combustion chamber with an impingement platform can enhance the fuel-air mixing process, and the air utilization rate of the combustion chamber is henceforth improved. Based on our optimization, the high temperature area is widely distributed throughout the double-layer combustion chamber, and most of the soot can be oxidized sufficiently in the main combustion period.

Multiple fuel injection strategy for premixed charge compression ignition combustion engine using biodiesel blends

In the last decade, advanced combustion techniques of the low-temperature combustion (LTC) family have attracted researchers because of their excellent emission characteristics; however, combustion control remains the main issue for the LTC modes. The objective of this study was to explore premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion mode using a double pilot injection (DPI; pilot-pilot-main) strategy to achieve superior combustion control and to tackle the soot-oxides of nitrogen (NOx) trade-off. Experiments were carried out in a single-cylinder research engine fueled with 20% v/v biodiesel blended with mineral diesel (B20) and 40% v/v biodiesel blended with mineral diesel (B40) vis-à-vis baseline mineral diesel. Engine speed and rate of fuel-mass injected were maintained constant at 1500 rpm and 0.6 kg/h mineral diesel equivalent, respectively. Pilot injection timings (at 45° and 35° before top dead center (bTDC)) and fuel quantities were fixed, while three fuel injection pressures (FIPs) and four different start of the main injection (SoMI) timings were investigated in this study. Results showed that multiple pilot injections resulted in a stable PCCI combustion mode, making it suitable for higher engine loads. For all test fuels, advancing SoMI timings led to relatively lesser knocking; however, engine performance characteristics degraded at advanced SoMI timings. B40 exhibited relatively superior engine performance among different test fuels at lower FIP; however, the difference in engine performance was insignificant at higher FIPs. Fuel injection parameters showed a significant effect on emissions, especially on the NOx and particulates. Advancing SoMI timing resulted in 20%–50% lower particulates emissions with a slight NOx increase; however, the differences in emissions at different SoMI timings reduced at higher FIPs. Somewhat higher particulates from biodiesel blends were a critical observation of this study, which was more dominant at advanced SoMI timings. Qualitative correlation between NOx-total particulate mass (TPM) was another critical analysis, which exhibited the relative importance of different fuel injection parameters for other alternative fuels. Overall, B20 at 700 bar FIP and 20° SoMI timing emerged as the most promising proposition with some penalty in CO emission.

Simulation study on in-cylinder combustion and pollutant generation characteristics of PODE/methanol blends

In order to cooperative control particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from compression ignition engines, the coal-based oxygenated fuels polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE) and methanol are selected as diesel alternative fuels. The numerical model of in-cylinder combustion is established by CFD simulation platform coupling PODE/methanol chemical reaction mechanism and then in-cylinder combustion and pollutant generation of PODE/methanol blends under various methanol ratios, fuel injection parameters and intake pressures conditions are calculated and analyzed. Results show that compared with pure PODE, the maximum combustion pressures of the blends with 30% methanol increases by 3.7%, the combustion duration is shortened by 1.2°CA, and NOx emissions decrease by 16.1%. Soot emission of the blends decreases with the increase of methanol ratio. Both the advance of injection timing and the increase of injection pressure lead to the increased peak values of in-cylinder pressure and temperature of the blends, the advance of combustion heat release starting point, the reduction of combustion duration and the increase of NOx emissions. However, soot emission shows an overall downward trend. The increment in intake pressure significantly reduces the in-cylinder temperature and the emissions of NOx and soot, which effectively alleviates the trade-off relationship between NOx and soot.

Experimental investigation of particle number reduction in turbocharged GDI engines

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Now it is difficult to imagine the automotive industry without constant improvement of the power plant. This is due to the constant tightening of environmental standards, so in environmental standards Euro 6 there is a limit of the countable concentration of particulate matters. To meet the Euro 6 environmental standard, vehicle manufacturers use catalytic converters, and gasoline particle filters (GPF). These methods of reducing the emissions of the exhaust gas are quite common, but they also have a limitation on the service life. The use of only catalytic converters and GPF may not be sufficient to meet the Euro 7 standards in the future. So, there is a need to reduce emissions with exhaust gases by improving the combustion process.The purpose of work is to investigate the combustion process of a turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine to reduce particulate matter by increasing the injection pressure and optimizing the injection timing. Methodology and research methods. The studies are of an experimental nature, the reliability of the data is confirmed by the use of modern measuring equipment and post processing of the measured data. Scientific novelty and results. The fuel injection parameters, which have a significant influence on the particulate matter formation and oxidation are defined.Practical significance. The recommendations to reduce particulate matter formation and to meet the requirements of the future Euro standards are given.

Optimization of fuel injection parameters and strategies in diesel engine using CFD

Fuel consumption in the world is increasing at alarming rate as well as fossil fuels prices are increasing day by day. It would be necessary to use fuels in an efficient manner such that extracting more energy from given fuel inside the system. IC engine is one of the high fuel consumption sectors, and it needs to concentrate on the IC engine combustion. In this project, diesel engine has been taken for analysis to improve the combustion and emissions. The piston bowl geometry, nozzle position and spray behavior play a predominant role in the engine performance. The most important role of the Compression Ignition (CI) engine combustion chamber is to enhance the fuel-air mixing rate (swirl) in short possible time. The turbulence can be guided by the shape of the combustion chamber and fuel injection method. Here, nozzle injection parameters and strategies have been taken for the study. Nozzle protrusion depth inside the combustion chamber, number of holes in the injector, injector angle and spray cone angle and longer spray volumes are nozzle injection parameters. When optimizing those parameters for the given engine geometry, it gives better fuel economy, lower hydrocarbons (HC), smoke, carbon monoxide (CO), greater brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and maximum cylinder pressure and it is attributed to higher in turbulence, swirl and fuel atomization. Parameters considered for this work are nozzle protrusion depth, number of injection holes, spray cone angle, swirl number. All the above investigation would be simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Initially, intake and compression stroke analysis would be carried out to calculate combustion chamber flow characteristics like pressure, temperature, swirl ratio, tumble ratio. These results would be considered as initial conditions for combustion analysis. Combustion analysis would be carried out for different nozzle injection parameters and compared based on fuel air mixing, pressure and heat release from combustion. Finally, pollutant emission prediction also can be studied.

Numerical investigation on the impact of multiple injection strategies and spray included angles on combustion and emissions in a marine diesel engine

The computational fluid dynamical software AVL-FIRE code was used for investigating the impact of multiply injection strategies and spray included angles on combustion and emissions in a marine diesel engine. The fuel injection parameters of spray included angle and pilot injection timing with pilot-main injection, as well as post injection ratio and post injection duration angle with pilot-main-post injection, were all investigated and optimized. The results indicate that retarding pilot injection timing with pilot-main injection declines high temperature region, resulting in a notable reduction in NOx emissions. Since fuel evaporation and burn are hampered by long spray penetration due to low temperature and pressure with pilot injection, a suitable spray included angle are used to offer more efficient air-fuel mixing process. A wider spray included angle simultaneously reduces soot emission and indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC). Post injection fuel exerts impact on combustion process by causing a great disturbance to flow field during post combustion. Increasing post injection ratio from 4% to 10% at a small post injection duration angle great emission performance is achieved by simultaneous reduction in NOx and soot emissions while only using a slight consumption of ISFC. To summarize, the defeat of traditional NOx-soot trade-off occurs as both NOx and soot emissions are decreased with optimized multiple injection strategy and spray included angle. Particularly, there are respectively four cases with pilot-main injection and two cases with pilot-main-post injection, that achieve simultaneous reduction in NOx emissions, soot emission, and ISFC, compared to the prototype.

A new model of fuel spray shape at early stage of injection in a marine diesel engine

PurposeIn the cylinders of a marine diesel engine, self-ignition occurs in a very short time after the fuel injection into the combustion chamber. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a model of diesel fuel spray for the early stage of fuel spray in the marine diesel engine. The main technical aspects such as nozzle diameter of the marine engine injector and backpressure in the combustion chamber were taken into consideration.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, laboratory experimental studies were carried out to determine parameters of fuel spray in an early stage of injection in the marine diesel engine. The optical measuring Mie scattering technique was used to record the fuel injection process. The working space was a constant volume chamber. The backpressure parameters in the constant volume chamber were the same as during the operation of the marine diesel engine. Based on the experimental studies and important Hiroyasu and Arai models of fuel spray presented in literature was proposed new model of fuel spray parameters for marine diesel injectors.FindingsIn this paper, the proposed new model of the two main parameters described fuel spray evolution”: new model of spray tip penetration (STP) and spray cone angle (SCA). New model propagation of fuel STP in time was included the influence of nozzle diameter and backpressure. The proposed model has a lower error, about 15%–34%, than the model of Hiroyasu and Arai. Moreover, a new model of the evolution over time of the SCA is developed.Research limitations/implicationsIn the future research of fuel spray process must be taken influence of the fuel temperature. Diesel fuel has a different density and viscosity in dependence of fuel temperature. Therefore are predicted of the expansion about influence of fuel temperature, new model of fuel spray for a marine diesel engine. The main limitations occurring in the research are not possible to carry out the research while real operation marine diesel engine.Originality/valueAn experimental test was carried out for a real fuel injector of a marine diesel engine. Design parameters and fuel injection parameters were selected on the basis of the actual one. In the literature, SCA is defined as a constant parameter for the specific preliminary data. A new model for the early stage of fuel spray of SCA propagation in time has been proposed. The early stage of fuel spray is especially important, because in this time comes in there to fuel self-ignition.

The Impact of Rapeseed Oil Methyl Esters on Fuel Injection Parameters in a Diesel Engine Equipped with the Common Rail Injection System

The Impact of Rapeseed Oil Methyl Esters on Fuel Injection Parameters in a Diesel Engine Equipped with the Common Rail Injection System

Detailed Injection Strategy Analysis of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Running on Rape Methyl Ester

Using biodiesel fuel in diesel engines for heavy-duty transport is important to meet the stringent emission regulations. Biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel and its physical and chemical properties are close to diesel fuel, yet there is still a need to analyze and tune the fuel injection parameters to optimize the combustion process and emissions. A four-injections strategy was used: two pilots, one main and one post injection. A highly advanced SOI decreases the NOx and the compression work but makes the combustion process less efficient. The pilot injection fuel mass influences the combustion only at injection close to the top dead center during the compression stroke. The post injection has no influence on the compression work, only on the emissions and the indicated work. An optimal injection strategy was found to be: pilot SOI 19.2 CAD BTDC, pilot injection fuel mass 25.4%; main SOI 3.7 CAD BTDC, main injection fuel mass 67.3% mg; post SOI 2 CAD ATDC, post injection fuel mass 7.3% (the injection fuel mass is given as a percentage of the total fuel mass injected). This allows the indicated work near the base case level to be maintained, the pressure rise rate to decrease by 20% and NOx emissions to decrease by 10%, but leads to a 5% increase in PM emissions.

Numerical investigation of injection parameters and piston bowl geometries on emission and thermal performance of DI diesel engine

Tightening noose on engine emission norms compelled manufacturers globally to design engines with low emission specially NOx and soot without compromising their performance. Amongst various parameters, shape of piston bowls, injection pressure and nozzle diameter are known to have significant influence over the thermal performance and emission emanating from the engine. This paper investigates the combined effect of fuel injection parameters such as pressure at which fuel is injected and the injection nozzle size along with shape of piston bowl on engine emission and performance. Numerical simulation is carried out using one cylinder naturally aspirated diesel engine using AVL FIRE commercial code. Three geometries of piston bowls with different tumble and swirl characteristics are considered while maintaining the volume of piston bowl, compression ratio, engine speed and fuel injected mass constant along with equal number of variations for injection nozzle size and pressures for this analysis. The investigation corroborates that high swirl and large turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) are crucial for better combustion. TKE and equivalence ratio also increased as the injection pressure increases during the injection period, hence, enhances combustion and reduces soot formation. Increase in nozzle diameter produces higher TKE and equivalence ratio, while CO and soot emission are found to be decreasing and NOx formation to be increasing. Further, optimization is carried out for twenty-seven cases created by combining fuel injection parameters and piston bowl geometries. The case D2H1P1 (H1 = 0.2 mm, P1 = 200 bar) found to be an optimum case because of its lowest emission level with slightly better performance.

Statistical analysis on the effect of premixed ratio, EGR, and diesel fuel injection parameters on the performance and emissions of a NG/Diesel RCCI engine using a DOE method

In reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engines, the ignition and combustion of premixed low reactive fuel (LRF) such as natural gas (NG) is controlled by the injection of high reactive fuel (HRF) such as diesel fuel during the compression stroke. In this study, the effects of six different input parameters on the performance and emissions of the natural gas/diesel fueled RCCI engine are studied using fractional factorial design (FFD) method, which is one of the design of experiment (DOE) methods. In this method, the effects of the interactions of input parameters, referred to as “factors,” on the outputs, referred to as “responses,” are investigated. The factors include premixed ratio (PR), start of first injection (SOI1), spray angle (SA), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), start of second injection (SOI2), and mass fraction of first injection. Sixteen runs were conducted to evaluate the effects of the interaction between input factors on performance and emissions of a RCCI engine using a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. DOE results indicate that in order to increase gross indicated efficiency (GIE), higher premixed ratio, 85%, with wider spray angle, 150°, is an effective way. Meanwhile, carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) emissions as well as ringing intensity (RI) are decreased at this condition. To reduce NOx emissions, it is beneficial to raise premixed ratio from 55% to 85% or to use 40% EGR, independently.

Artificial intelligence‐based model prediction of biodiesel‐fueled engine performance and emission characteristics: A comparative evaluation of gene expression programming and artificial neural network

AbstractThe prognostic capability of gene expression programming (GEP) and artificial neural network (ANN) are compared to estimate the engine performance and emission characteristics. A stationary diesel engine was powered with linseed oil biodiesel‐mineral diesel blends. A total of 60 lab‐based test‐run were conducted by varying the engine input operating conditions, namely fuel injection parameters, diesel/biodiesel blending ratio, and engine load. The engine output data, namely brake thermal efficiency and brake‐specific fuel consumption, were calculated, while emission data for oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and unburnt hydrocarbon, were recorded. The experimental data were used for predictive model development using artificial intelligence‐based GEP and ANN techniques. The developed models were tested on statistical outcomes, such as the absolute fraction of variance (0.9698–0.997 for GEP and 0.9949–0.9998 for ANN), correlation coefficient (0.9848–0.998 for GEP and 0.9974–0.9998 for ANN), establishing these two models as an efficient machine identical tool. Also, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (0.937–0.9999 for GEP and 0.995–0.999 for ANN) and Kling–Gupta efficiency (0.834–0.9999 for GEP and 0.989–0.999 for ANN) elevate the prediction quality of developed models. The result showed that the ANN model was slightly more accurate than the GEP‐based model for the same parametric range.

Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Fuel Injection Parameters of a Dual Fuel Engine Fuelled with Producer Gas-Biodiesel blends

ABSTRACT The present work reports the development of a mathematical model to establish a correlation between controllable engine input parameters and their dependent responses over a varied range of engine loadings. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE), peak combustion pressure, and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) are chosen as a response while engine load, pilot fuel injection timing (FIT), and pilot fuel injection pressure (FIP) are taken as controllable input. The response surface methodology (RSM) has been used for the model development based on multilinear regression analysis and the design of experiments techniques. The experimental data for model development was collected through lab-based experiments carried out using diesel engines in dual-fuel mode. The dual-fuel engine was powered with producer gas as the main fuel and waste cooking oil biodiesel as pilot fuel. The best possible combination of input parameters optimized by RSM helps in the improved and stable operation of the dual-fuel engine. Furthermore, the developed model can predict the output responses very close to experimental results. The model robustness is verified with high values of correlation coefficients R2 for all three response variables.

Effect of fuel injection parameters on performance characteristics and emissions of a thermoacoustic system

The present study experimentally investigates the effects of different fuel injection parameters on performance characteristics and emissions of a thermoacoustic pulse combustor. Several fuel nozzles were designed to enable various injection schemes. Pressure, photoelectric and radical spectra signals were measured for different fuel nozzles under the same fuel supply pressure; evaluation indexes, to describe the running performance of the pulse combustor, were introduced based on the pressure signal. Preliminary analysis of the pressure signals and evaluation indexes showed that the fuel nozzle with a small top angle was beneficial to the operation performance of the pulse combustor, and there exist an optimal spacing of nozzle holes to enhance the combustor performance most effectively. To further study the influence mechanism, a detailed analysis of the cyclic behaviors of pressure and photoelectric signals was then conducted. Several crests were observed in the cyclic photoelectric signal, all showed different characteristics for different fuel nozzle parameters. It was found that these crests influenced heat release distribution, and therefore, the thermoacoustic behavior and operation performance of the pulse combustor. Rayleigh's efficiency was calculated to quantitatively analyze the effect of various crests on the thermoacoustic coupling in the combustor. In addition to operation performance, radical emissions for different fuel nozzle parameters were also investigated. The obtained radical signals have five spectra peaks (309.35 nm, 430.48 nm, 516.19 nm, 766.19 nm and 927.12 nm) for liquefied petroleum gas. The larger spectra peaks of the free radicals generally indicated higher combustion chemical reaction intensity. Results showed that the fuel nozzle with the small top angle has large spectra peak values and an optimal spacing of nozzle holes that maximized the combustion intensity. This study benefits the optimal design of the nozzle and the improvement of performance as well as efficiency of the combustor.

Optimization of fuel injection parameters and compression ratio of a biogas fueled diesel engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil as a pilot fuel

The present study aims to run a diesel engine completely with renewable source, which is biogas and waste cooking oil methyl ester (assumed when cooking methods not changed) on a dual fuel mode. Further, this study also attempts to unfold the combined effect of both fuel injection parameters and compression ratio on its performance, and combustion analyses of a diesel engine, modified to run on biogas-biodiesel. A series of tests were conducted by considering three different parameters (injection timing, injection pressure and compression ratio (CR)) at three different levels. i.e., injection timing advanced to 3°CA from standard 23°CAbTDC, injection pressure increased to 240 bar from standard 200 bar, one higher and one lower compression ratio from standard CR17.5. The results obtained were compared with the diesel at engine’s original settings (CR17.5, 23°CAbTDC, 200 bar and 4.4 kW). It was found that, the combination of CR18.5, 240 bar injection pressure and 24.5°CAbTDC gave a maximum BTE of about 31.2%. At the same condition, HC, CO and smoke emissions were found to be lesser by 55.5%, 3.5% and 19.1% respectively than diesel at full load. However, for the same CR and 240 bar, advancing from 24.5°CAbTDC to 26°CAbTDC resulted in a poor performance.

Optimization of Transducer Location for Novel Non-Intrusive Methodologies of Diagnosis in Diesel Engines

The health monitoring has been studied to ensure integrity of design of engine structure by detection, quantification, and prediction of damages. Early detection of faults may allow the downtime of maintenance to be rescheduled, thus preventing sudden shutdown of machines. In cylinder pressure developed, vibrations and noise emissions data provide a rich source of information about condition of engines. Monitoring of vibrations and noise emissions are novel non-intrusive methodologies for which positioning of various transducers are important issue. The presented work shows applicability of these diagnosis methodologies adopted in case of diesel engines. The effects of changing various fuel injection parameters was analyzed. Scope of using non-intrusive technique has been analyzed by changing locations of microphone. Novelty of this worklies in exploring signal processing methods for various locations around the engine test set up. Various frequency ranges of contributing noise and vibration sources were identified. Time-Frequency analysis showed the onset of various cyclic. Based on the identification of various frequency bands, it is possible to device suitable filters in order to extract more information.

A role of the combined effect of fuel injection parameters on a dual fuel diesel engine

Food waste is continuously disposed from different sources that include hotels, restaurants, canteens, hostel mess, houses etc., Food waste either in mixed form or in segregated form can be utilised for producing energy. In this study, spent tea waste (STW) collected from refreshment stalls, canteens, hostels of an institute campus, and used as a feed stock for producing biogas, a methane contained fuel. Biogas was produced by the co-digestion of STW with cow manure (CM), and utilised as a primary fuel to operate a diesel engine. In the present experimentation, 4-stroke, single cylinder, air cooled, DI diesel engine running at a constant speed of 1500 rpm was used to operate on a biogas dual fuel mode (DFM) to examine the engine behaviour in terms of its combustion and performance characteristics. This study was executed for a set of combinations comprising of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 kg/h (biogas), fuel injection timing was advanced to a maximum of 3°CA at a regular interval of 1.5°CA from the original 23°CAbTDC and fuel injection pressures of 200, 220 and 240 bar. The results obtained were compared with the baseline diesel, and presented in this research study.

Study on emission fuzzy control of ether dimethyl-diesel engine by Avl-fire

In this study, the combination of fuel injection parameters and SCR was used to test the material emitted from DME engine combustion under different cylinder conditions by Avl-fire. In order to study the effect of injection pressure and injection time and SCR on engine emissions, the effect of injection DME on engine combustion emissions under the condition that the injection pressure changes continuously from 20 mpa-73 mpa and the injection time from BTDC to ATDC is 15° to ATDC. The study found that when the injection pressure around 38 MPa, NOX, CO and HC emissions of engine exhaust can satisfy the VI emissions requirements; When the injection time within 3.5° BTDC to 3.5° between ATDC, NOX, CO and HC emissions of engine exhaust can satisfy the VI emissions requirements; When affected by complex working conditions and environment, the production of NOX will increase. At this point, with the combination of SCR, the maximum conversion rate of NOX in the exhaust can reach nearly 79%. Through Fuzzy Logic Toolbox of MATLAB/Simulink (Fuzzy Logic Toolbox) engine emissions of Fuzzy inference system (FIS), then it is introduced into the Fuzzy Logic Controller (Fuzzy Logic Controller) in emission control, the simulation results show that under the condition of Fuzzy control, engine NOX emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, CO and HC hydrocarbons under the VI standard 8.9%, 4.0% and 5.0%, so as to improve the diesel car of environmental protection.