Diesel Engine Fueled Research Articles

Energy-exergy analyses of hydrogen enriched⸺ diesel and blended biofuel (Azolla pinnata macroalgae) on the dual fuel diesel engine

Hydrogen fuel has gained global attention as a potential alternative to conventional fuels as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and addresses energy sustainability challenges. In addition, biofuel (Azolla pinnata) is highly productive having limited negative impacts with an exemplary productivity rate. The energy-exergy analysis in CI engine's is an effective method for determining its efficiency and effectiveness. This paper highlights the effects of diesel, H2 enriched diesel, and H2 enriched B40 (60% diesel + 40% Algal Biodiesel) on the energetic and exergetic efficiency of a dual-fuel diesel engine with a rated speed and power of 1500 rpm and 3.5 kW respectively. The analysis was done at varying engine loads: low loads (25%), medium loads (50%), and high loads (75%), respectively. The energy and exergy for 40% hydrogen-enriched B40 increased by 8.77% and 23.85%, respectively, compared to neat diesel operation at higher loads. In addition, the irreversibility of 40% hydrogen-enriched B40 decreased by 13.82% at higher load conditions as compared to base diesel operation. The sustainability index of 40% hydrogen-enriched B40 was 1.38 compared to 1.28 of diesel, showing an improvement of 7.82%. The theoretical energy-exergy analyses showed an error less than 5% compared to BTE validating the results of the energy-exergy analyses performed theoretically.

Investigation of carbon-black emissions of a tractor biofuel diesel

BACKGROUND: On the one hand, a petroleum-based liquid fuel diesel engine is a reliable basis for tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines, and on the other hand, the current trends make us to think about the environmental component of these diesel engines and besides to remember about reasonable use of non-renewable petroleum motor fuel. In order to reduce the anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems and to assess the smokiness of exhaust gases from a tractor diesel running on ethanol and rapeseed oil, the paper considers the relevant model of the carbon-black formation inside it. AIM: Development of the relevant model of carbon-black emission in a tractor diesel running on ethanol and rapeseed oil to assess the smokiness of exhaust gases and to reduce anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems. METHODS: To simulate the processes of formation and burnout of carbon-black particles in a tractor diesel engine, the volume of the combustion chamber was conditionally divided into several areas (soot content indicators in different areas were added up), and the cycle of calculating the exhaust gas smokiness level included several stages (determination of pressure, integral and differential characteristics of heat dissipation, average temperature of the working fluid, fuel supply indicators and fuel evaporation rate, local coefficients of excess air, composition of gases, concentration of decomposition and oxidation products of rapeseed oil and ethanol, the number of carbon-black particles, the mass of dispersed carbon, the rate of transition of particles to the burnout zone). RESULTS: The developed mathematical model is capable of calculating the carbon-black concentration and the main components of the gas mixture in the reaction zone of the combustion chamber, the content of carbon-black in the exhaust gases at various speed and load modes of operation of a tractor diesel engine. It is capable of obtaining valuable information about the dynamics of the main stages of carbon-black formation and burnout in the cylinder of a tractor diesel engine running on ethanol and rapeseed oil. The results of numerical simulation of carbon-black formation and burnout in a tractor diesel cylinder when running on diesel fuel, ethanol and rapeseed oil are obtained and presented. CONCLUSION: Based on the developed relevant model of carbon-black emission in a tractor diesel engine running on ethanol and rapeseed oil, an assessment of its exhaust gas smokiness was carried out, clearly showing a decrease by 3.4–3.8 times in comparison with diesel fuel operation. The presented method for calculating the carbon-black emission of tractor diesel can be used in the multi-area modeling and researches of such in-cylinder processes as heat generation, heat transfer, etc. The accuracy of calculations based on the proposed model is characterized by the perfection of mathematical algorithms describing the rate of fuel evaporation, the development of a fuel flare, the determination of local temperatures, the rate of flame propagation, the local composition of gases in the cylinder, etc.

The Toxic Effects of Petroleum Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Diesel Exhaust Particles on Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells.

The use of alternative diesel fuels has increased due to the demand for renewable energy sources. There is limited knowledge regarding the potential health effects caused by exhaust emissions from biodiesel- and renewable diesel-fueled engines. This study investigates the toxic effects of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a diesel engine powered by conventional petroleum diesel fuel (SD10) and two biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels in vitro. The fuels used were rapeseed methyl ester (RME), soy methyl ester (SME), and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO), either pure or as 50% blends with SD10. Additionally, a 5% RME blend was also used. The highest concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions and elemental carbon (EC) was found in conventional diesel and the 5% RME blend. HVO PM samples also exhibited a high amount of EC. A dose-dependent genotoxic response was detected with PM from SD10, pure SME, and RME as well as their blends. Reactive oxygen species levels were several times higher in cells exposed to PM from SD10, pure HVO, and especially the 5% RME blend. Apoptotic cell death was observed in cells exposed to PM from SD10, 5% RME blend, the 50% SME blend, and HVO samples. In conclusion, all diesel PM samples, including biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels, exhibited toxicity.

Application of acetylene in multi-cylinder low heat rejection diesel engine fueled with ternary blend

The depletion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation have driven researchers worldwide to seek suitable alternative fuels for diesel engines. Internal combustion engines typically emit carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke, contributing to environmental pollution. To address this issue, petroleum fuels can be substituted with alternative options like acetylene gas, hydrogen, CNG, or LPG. One effective strategy is to incorporate renewable fuels into diesel engines by partially or fully replacing diesel in a dual fuel mode (DFM). This research focuses on alternative renewable fuels for diesel engines like biodiesel and alcohol and its blends. The current research investigates the engine characteristics of diesel engines fueled with ternary blend (TB) fuel and different flow rates of acetylene in DFM. TB fuel was prepared using 70 % diesel, 20 % waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOB), and 10 % methanol by volume. The induction of acetylene at different flow rates, such as 2, 4, and 6 lpm. Waste cooking oil is used to prepare biodiesel by transesterification. Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) is used to coat the cylinder head, piston crown, inlet, and exhaust valves with a thickness of 0.5 mm. The HC, CO, and smoke emissions are decreased by about 35.7 %, 29.8 %, and 21.6 %, respectively, for TB fuel with acetylene at 6 lpm at full load condition. The high calorific value of acetylene gas raised the in-cylinder temperature, significantly accelerating the combustion process. The heat release rate (HRR) and cylinder pressure are increased by 9.8 % and 6.8 %, respectively, at TB fuel with 6 lpm of acetylene induction. Acetylene induces rapid fuel combustion, resulting in increased energy transfer. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is improved by about 10.3 % for TB fuel with acetylene at 6 lpm and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) increased to 461oC at full load condition.

Thermal and emission analysis of waste plastic and microalgae biodiesel as a potential power source for diesel engines: A sustainable approach.

The future of diesel engines is greatly influenced by ongoing research on alternative fuels. Renewable fuels have been researched and adopted by several nations to encourage the production and use of biodiesel. This study examines the energy conversion of waste plastic biodiesel and Spirulina microalgae biodiesel at a 20% blending ratio to analyze the behavior of a one-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine running at 1500rpm with a compression ratio of 17.5. The authors evaluated, analyzed, and compared the engine's combustion, performance, and emission at an incremental engine load of 25% from 25 to 100%. The findings demonstrated that the biodiesel fuel samples generated somewhat poorer efficiency but reduced emissions from the engine. At 100% load, the percentage differences between the diesel and blended fuel samplesranged from 2.4 to 7.3% for BTE, 2.9 to 16.5% for BSFC, and 1.0 to 4.62% for BSEC; however, the PM, SO2, and CO2 emissions were reduced by 1.6-28.8% except for NOx emissions, which are increased by up to 9.4%. Pure diesel exhibits the best performance characteristics; however, pure biodiesel exhibits the best emission characteristics. The 20% blended fuels showed promising results, as they exhibited comparable or slightly improved BTE values compared to their respective pure biodiesel fuels. The findings indicate that Spirulina microalgae biodiesel and waste plastic biodiesel have the potential to be utilized as substitute fuels for diesel engines; however, for the greatest performance and lowest emissions, their blending ratios and engine operating conditions must be optimized.

Effects of Hydrogen on Ammonia/Methane/Air Combustion in a Can-type Combustor

In recent years, the importance of blending traditional methane gas with alternative fuels in combustion to reduce emissions has gained increasing recognition. Existing literature has demonstrated the successful operation of ammonia and hydrogen as fuels in diesel engines. However, there is still insufficient information regarding the combustion of methane in combination with ammonia and hydrogen. This paper investigates the effects of replacing ammonia with hydrogen in blends consisting of 70% CH4 and 30% NH3, with hydrogen substitution levels of 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%. The simulation was carried out using the SST k-ω turbulence model and steady diffusion flamelet model. Calculations using Okafor-mech to predict the emission characteristics were also attempted to determine concentration values more accurately. Results show that as the proportion of hydrogen in the blended fuel increases, the maximum temperature rises by 29.28 K. There is an increase in emissions of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, while nitrogen oxide emissions decrease.

Experimental investigations on the performance and emission characteristics of hydrogen enriched Bio-CNG in a common rail direct injection dual fuel diesel engine

The current energy and environmental problems demand the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable fuels. Research shows that hydrogen-enriched CNG fuels enhance the thermal efficiency of diesel engines while reducing gaseous emissions. This experimental work investigates the performance and emissions parameters of a diesel engine in dual fuel mode with hydrogen-enriched Bio-CNG (HBCNG). It is performed on a single-cylinder, four-stroke common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine at 1500 rpm and 3.5 kW. The outcomes of this experiment are compared to a neat diesel operation. It is observed that at low load with 30% gaseous fuel substitution (GFS), brake thermal efficiency decreases by 13.70% and 15.53% for hydrogen and BCNG-enriched diesel, respectively. Similarly, at medium load, with the gaseous mixture of 40% H2 and 60% BCNG co-combusted with 60% diesel, the BTE improves by 15.83%. At high load, 40% gaseous fuel mixture (40% H2 + 60% BCNG) combustion with diesel results in 21.25% enhanced BTE. Moreover, at the same load condition and GFS, emissions of HC increase by 41.59%, CO decreases by 30%, CO2 decreases by 55.36%, and NOx decreases by 25.94%.

Effect of Graphite Nanoadditives on the Behavior of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Pyrolysis Fuel Recovered from Used Plastics.

Plastic waste accumulation is a significant threat to the environment and humans. Pyrolysis is a promising method for recycling plastic waste since all of the yields are useful, reducing the associated environmental risks of plastic waste. Energy recovery from used plastic waste can help restore ecosystems by utilizing waste as fuel while addressing the environmental problem of plastic disposal. This study experimentally investigates the application of oil obtained by the pyrolysis of waste high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as a viable energy source for diesel engines, offering a unique solution to the issues of plastic waste and energy sustainability. The catalytic pyrolysis method was employed to convert used HDPE plastics into a fuel called used polymer pyrolysis oil (UPO). The UPO was blended at 20% and 40% on a volume basis with mineral diesel. The graphite nanoadditives of 50 and 100 ppm were doped to enhance the properties of the UPO20 blend. The results showed that UPO20n100 blends exhibited a 2.79% increase in brake thermal efficiency and an 11.6% reduction in specific fuel consumption compared to diesel. Utilizing the UPO20n100 blend as a diesel engine fuel resulted in reductions of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and smoke emissions by 8.9%, 9.9%, and 8.9%, respectively, compared with diesel operation. These findings provide a pathway for reducing plastic pollution and reliance on fossil fuels, with significant implications for the development of sustainable energy solutions. Additionally, this study presents a novel application of graphite nanoadditives in fuel blends prepared from used plastics, highlighting their significant impact on enhancing engine efficiency and reducing emissions.

Measurement of engine exhaust plume temperature and concentration distributions with tomographic absorption spectroscopy and learning-based absorbance recovery

Measuring the spatial distribution of temperature and species concentration is important to the thermodynamic analysis and validation of modern combustion systems. In this work, we developed a measurement method based on tomographic absorption spectroscopy (TAS) for the quantitative measurement of two-dimensional distributions of gas temperature and concentration. A learning-based absorbance recovery method was proposed and incorporated into TAS to address the baseline error induced distortion of absorbance and improve the accuracy of single path measurement. The developed TAS system, consisting of 12 laser beams, was demonstrated on a diesel fueled small turbojet engine. Temperature and H2O concentration distributions of the exhaust plume were measured with laser wavelength scan rates of 20 kHz. Temperature variations in microsecond-scale were captured and the time-averaged center temperature agreed well with thermocouple measurements. The developed TAS method demonstrates the feasibility of real-time and accurate tomographic imaging for practical combustion flows, which could be effectively applied for widespread combustion diagnostics.

Numerical Analysis of Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with 40Butanol/60Diesel Blended Fuel

Numerical Analysis of Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with 40Butanol/60Diesel Blended Fuel

Gasification and Techno-Economic Study of Palm Shell Biomass and the Utilization of Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Operated Diesel Engine

Indonesia's oil reserves and production are steadily declining, accompanied by increasing fossil fuel consumption, particularly in Diesel Power Plants, which contribute to environmental impacts and exacerbate global warming. In response, the government issued a policy in 2028 to implement carbon emission trading for Diesel Power Plants with a capacity below 2 MW, as part of Indonesia's commitment to achieving Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060. Considering the significant state assets in the form of diesel-powered generators (approximately 5,200 diesel power plants) still operating throughout Indonesia, the government has also issued policies and strategic plans to develop Biomass Power Plants. This research focuses on examining the combination of biosolar B35 and syngas usage in diesel engines, known as dual fuel engine technology, utilizing abundant palm shell biomass waste in Southeast Sulawesi. The gasification process to create syngas uses a multi-stage downdraft gasifier system with the optimal air ratio variation from previous research, namely 1:7:2 in the pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction zones. Testing is conducted on a diesel engine at 3000 rpm with load variations ranging from 500 Watt to 4500 Watt. The load is gradually increased at 500-Watt intervals. The syngas mass flow rate is also varied by adjusting four different syngas valve openings to the diesel engine's intake manifold. This study will compare the results of diesel engine operation using single fuel (biosolar B35) with dual fuel (biosolar B35 + syngas) at each engine load interval to determine engine performance, biosolar B35 fuel substitution or savings, carbon reduction in the dual fuel diesel system, and calculate the techno-economics for up-scaling on a 250 kW capacity engine at PT Nusantara Power, Unit Pembangkitan Kendari, ULPLTD Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi. The aim is to support government programs and policies in realizing environmentally friendly and sustainable Diesel Power Plants, as well as to open opportunities for developing biomass-based dual fuel engine technology in Indonesia.

Kajian Tekno “Waste to Electric” dengan Bahan Baku Pelet Woodchip Memalalui Gasifikasi Multi Stage pada Mesin Diesel Dual Fuel

Global warming and climate change have significant impacts on various sectors, including water scarcity, climate changes, social vulnerabilities, ecological damage, infrastructure damage, economic damage, health risks, air quality issues, biodiversity loss, and air quality. As of the end of 2023, Indonesia has power plants with a total capacity of 83.8 GW, comprising 79.8 GW of on-grid plants and 3.95 GW of off-grid plants. This figure indicates an increase in power plants of nearly 1.7 times over the past 10 years. Power generation is still dominated by coal, which constitutes up to half of the total national capacity, followed by gas energy at about 25%. Meanwhile, renewable energy-based power plants make up only 15%, having increased by just around 6 GW in the last 10 years. The utilization of renewable energy in power generation is dominated by hydro power (58%), geothermal (20%), and biomass (18%). In line with the government’s plan to decarbonize and achieve the Net Zero Emissions target by 2060, the 2021-2030 RUPTL (Long-Term Electricity Supply Plan) is designed to be the greenest RUPTL, with the Environmental Friendly Power Generation Plan or New Renewable Energy (EBT) reaching 52% of the total additional power plant capacity. One source of EBT power generation is biomass, derived from wood waste or the use of HTI (Industrial Timber Estate) wood processed into syngas through a gasification process for further conversion into environmentally friendly energy. Gasification is the process of converting woodchips as the raw material in a three-stage gasification process to produce syngas as fuel for diesel engines. During the gasification process, variations in the air ratio will be managed in the pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction zones with air ratio settings of 0:10:0, 1:8:1, 2:7:1, and 1:7:2. The syngas produced from this process will be used as fuel for diesel engines with a dual fuel system. The characterization of the performance of the dual fuel diesel engine will be conducted by testing the engine at 5000 rpm with load variations from 500 watts to 5000 watts in 500-watt increments and varying the syngas mass flow rate by adjusting the syngas valve opening to the diesel engine. The objective of this research is to determine that gasification of woodchips into syngas can be a promising potential source of renewable, environmentally friendly electrical energy and an alternative to support government programs through the decarbonization of diesel engines.

An Evaluation of the Effect of Fuel Injection on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Plastic-Oil–Hydrogen–Diesel Blends

Fuelled engines serve as prime movers in low-, medium-, and heavy-duty applications with high thermal diesel efficiency and good fuel economy compared to their counterpart, spark ignition engines. In recent years, diesel engines have undergone a multitude of developments, however, diesel engines release high levels of NOx, smoke, carbon monoxide [CO], and hydrocarbon [HC] emissions. Due to the exponential growth in fleet population, there is a severe burden caused by petroleum-derived fuels. To tackle both fuel and pollution issues, the research community has developed strategies to use economically viable alternative fuels. The present experimental investigations deal with the use of blends of biodiesel prepared from waste plastic oil [P] and petro-diesel [D], and, to improve its performance, hydrogen [H] is added in small amounts. Further, advanced injection timings have been adopted [17.5° to 25.5° b TDC (before top dead centre)] to study their effect on harmful emissions. Hydrogen energy shares vary from 5 to 15%, maintaining a biodiesel proportion of 20%, and the remaining is petro-diesel. Thus, the adopted blends are DP20 ((diesel fuel (80%) and waste plastic biofuel (20%)), DP20H5 (DP20 (95%) and hydrogen (5%)), DP20H10 (DP20 (90%) and hydrogen (10%)), and DP20H15 (DP20 (85%) and hydrogen (15%)). The experiments were conducted at constant speeds with a rated injection pressure of 220 bar and a rated compression ratio of 18. The increase in the share of hydrogen led to a considerable improvement in the performance. Under full load conditions, with advanced injection timings, the brake-specific fuel consumption had significantly decreased and NOx emissions increased.

Performance of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Blends of Diesel Fuel and Synthetic Fuel Derived from Waste Car Tires

Performance of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Blends of Diesel Fuel and Synthetic Fuel Derived from Waste Car Tires

Investigation Lubricity Performance of Lubricating Oil Used in Marine Diesel Engine—Fuel Injection Pump

Diesel engines commonly suffer from oil contamination by fuel and other chemicals during operation and maintenance. This contamination alters the oil’s lubricating properties, leading to increased wear, corrosion, and other potential problems. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how oil degrades and becomes contaminated due to different replacement strategies is crucial for both engine operators and manufacturers. This study focuses on the impact of fuel dilution on specific properties of engine oil under real-world operating conditions in a marine diesel engine. Oil samples were collected regularly from the crankcase of the engine fuel injection pump and tribological tests were performed. These tests aimed to assess how marine gas oil affects the oil lubricity performance and how it maintains its useful life. The results confirm that diesel dilution primarily affects the oil lubricating abilities as well as overall performance.

Optimization of performance and emission parameters of hydrogen enriched dual fuel diesel engine using response surface methodology

The global need for petroleum and its dwindling availability throughout the world demand an alternative fuel. Hydrogen-enriched algal biodiesel (ABD) is a potential option against conventional fuels due to its availability and positive effects on performance and emissions. Azolla pinnata algae is a high-yield fuel with reduced adverse impacts on the environment, requiring 2–5 days to double its biomass. This research work involves post-experimentation modeling to assess the performance and emissions of a CRDI diesel engine using a hydrogen-enriched blended fuel of Azolla pinnata ABD. Response surface methodology has been applied to optimize the load, fuel blend, and hydrogen gas substitution for performance and emissions characteristics. The ABD and hydrogen gas are varied between 0 and 40% in the pilot fuel for loads between 0 and 80%. The model indicates that the optimized load, blend, and hydrogen fuel substitution for this research are, respectively, 80%, 40%, and 40%. At the above-mentioned optimized parameters, the optimized values of BTE, CO, CO2, HC, and NOx are found to be 30.90%, 19.99 g/kWh, 288.89 g/kWh, 0.21 g/kWh, and 1.57 g/kWh, respectively. Adequacy precision greater than 4 and a percentage error between predicted and experimental values less than 5% indicate the model's ability to predict performance and emissions characteristics eventually.

A numerical investigation on the effect of altering compression ratio, injection timing, and injection duration on the performance of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel-butanol blend

Abstract Using renewable fuels for diesel engines can reduce both air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. A computer simulation was constructed to predict the performance, combustion characteristics, and NOx emission of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel-butanol blends. The simulation was validated by comparing the modeling results against experimental data and a good agreement between the results was found. The fuels used for the validation were diesel (B0), biodiesel (B100), diesel-biodiesel blend (B50), and two diesel-biodiesel-butanol blends with 45% diesel-45% biodiesel-10% butanol (Bu10), and 40% diesel-40% biodiesel-20% butanol (Bu20) by volume. Experimental results showed that the addition of butanol reduced NOx emissions but deteriorated the engine performance. The aim of the current work was the numerical optimization of the different parameters to enhance the engine performance while using butanol to decrease NOx emissions. The engine compression ratio (CR) varied from 14 to 24, in increments of 2. Fuel injection timing (IT) was retarded from 30° before top dead center (bTDC) to 5° bTDC in increments of 5o. Also, the fuel injection duration (IDur) was extended from 20° to 50° in increments of 10°. Results showed that the increase in CR improved engine performance for the two investigated fuels, Bu10 and Bu20. The maximum engine brake power (BP), thermal efficiency (BTE), and minimum brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 1.46 kW, 32.3%, and 0.273 kg/kWh respectively, were obtained when the Bu10 fuel was injected at the optimum conditions of 24 CR, 15°bTDC IT, and 40° injection duration (IDur). Under these optimum conditions, the BP, BTE, and BSFC improved by 3% to 3.5% for Bu10 and Bu20 fuel blends compared to the base engine conditions of CR of 22, 30° IDur, and 10° bTDC IT. The heat release rate during the premixed phase increased when the IT was advanced, while the mixing-controlled combustion phase was enhanced when the IT was retarded. NOx emissions increased with increasing the CR, while both the increase in IDur at constant IT and the retard of IT decreased engine NOx emissions. At the optimum conditions, the NOx emissions for Bu10 and Bu20 were further decreased by 2.2% and 0.9% respectively compared to the experimental results at base engine conditions. Retarding the injection timing from 15° bTDC to 5° bTDC at a CR of 24 and IDur of 40° caused the NOx emissions for Bu10 and Bu20 to decrease by 16%. When the injection duration was increased from 20° to 50° at a CR of 24 and an IT of 15°bTDC, the NOx emissions for Bu10 and Bu20 decreased by 12.3% and 11.8% respectively. The addition of butanol to the diesel-biodiesel blend at optimum conditions showed results comparable to pure diesel, with a decrease in NOx emissions.

Investigation of biodiesel and its blends fueled diesel engine: An evaluation of the comprehensive performance of diesel engines

The carbon-neutral era and the increasing demand for energy worldwide are imperative for researching alternative energy. At the same time, biodiesel is considered one of the most prospective alternative energy due to its renewable nature and similar properties to diesel. A comparative study of the effects of different proportions of biodiesel-diesel blends (BD10, BD20, BD40, BD60, BD100) on emissions, vibration, lubricant ferrography, and tribological performance of cylinder liner-piston ring (CL-PR) of a direct injection diesel engine (ZS195) was carried out with a baseline of petroleum diesel. The results of the study demonstrated that the appropriate proportion (less than 20 %) of biodiesel significantly improves the comprehensive performance of diesel engines, primarily by combustion optimization and vibration shock reduction. The BD20 fuel blend achieves the best comprehensive diesel engine performance. The higher percentage of biodiesel results in enhanced vibration and severe degradation of CL-PR performance caused by the dilution of the lubricant and erosion of the components by the biodiesel. The study illuminates the mechanism and intrinsic connection of the effects of biodiesel on diesel engine performance. These results will facilitate the understanding of the effects of biodiesel-diesel blends on diesel engine performance and contribute to carbon neutrality in the transportation sector.

Response surface methodology optimization of characteristics of biodiesel powered diesel engine and its effective integration to autonomous microgrid

An optimum diesel engine load condition with higher thermal efficiency and energy management has been the foremost challenge in the renewable energy research field. Modern trends involve nano additives for obtaining high performing biodiesel blends. Considering the above-mentioned factors, an experimental study along with statistical analysis has been performed with variation of compression ratio (16, 17.5 & 18), ZrO2 nano additive (50, 100 & 150 ppm) and load (50, 75 & 100 %). The optimization was accomplished by diminishing the BSFC, NOx, HC, CO, and increasing the BTE, CO2 using the approach of desirability. From the obtained results, the optimum operating conditions of the engine were found to be 75 % load, 18:1 compression ratio, and 150 ppm ZrO2 nano additive. The actual values at optimized conditions are obtained as BSFC (0.27 kg/kWh), BTE (33.37 %), CO (0.71 %), CO2 (8.69 %), NOx (1270 ppm), HC (62 %) and Smoke (25.20 %) with error less than 5 %. It has been observed that the BSFC of the proposed biodiesel-diesel blend is lower than that of pure diesel in all levels of power output. The biodiesel fuelled diesel engine is integrated as backup power in autonomous microgrid with main power as solar PV system operated at MPPT mode. A hybrid power system based on solar PV and biodiesel generator set up is the better alternative to emission-intensive fossil fuel and intermittent renewable.

Modeling of CI engine performance and emission parameters using artificial neural network powered by catalytic co-pyrolytic renewable fuel

Emission and performance parameters of a 4-stroke CI engine operated on a blend of catalytic co-pyrolysis oil with pure diesel, produced through Azadirachta indica seed, waste LDPE (low-density polyethylene), and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) as a catalyst, are modelled in the current work using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). At 500°C temperature, the highest oil output obtained was 93.91 wt%. The produced liquid fuel possessed similar physical features to that of pure diesel, including density (794 kg/m3) and heating value (44.42 MJ/kg), but lower flash and fire points that would assist in a better and complete combustion of the fuel blend resulting in a better performance and combustion characteristics. Using inputs including brake mean effective pressure, load, brake power, and torque, a developed ANN model was applied to forecast the performance (Brake Thermal Efficiency and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption) along with emission characteristics (Smoke and NOx). The Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation training technique was applied for emissions and performance characteristics prediction having the best accuracy. Regression coefficients (R2) for predicting BTE, BSFC, NOx, and smoke were all very near to 1: 0.99801, 0.9983, 0.95753, and 0.97467. The study determines that the proposed alternative fuel could be utilized in blend with the pure diesel to in an unmodified diesel engine. It has also been found that artificial neural networks (ANN) could prove to be useful to model and forecast the performance or emissions of renewable fuels in diesel engines, with the potential for these fuels to be employed in transportation.