Kajian Tekno “Waste to Electric” dengan Bahan Baku Pelet Woodchip Memalalui Gasifikasi Multi Stage pada Mesin Diesel Dual Fuel

Abstract

Global warming and climate change have significant impacts on various sectors, including water scarcity, climate changes, social vulnerabilities, ecological damage, infrastructure damage, economic damage, health risks, air quality issues, biodiversity loss, and air quality. As of the end of 2023, Indonesia has power plants with a total capacity of 83.8 GW, comprising 79.8 GW of on-grid plants and 3.95 GW of off-grid plants. This figure indicates an increase in power plants of nearly 1.7 times over the past 10 years. Power generation is still dominated by coal, which constitutes up to half of the total national capacity, followed by gas energy at about 25%. Meanwhile, renewable energy-based power plants make up only 15%, having increased by just around 6 GW in the last 10 years. The utilization of renewable energy in power generation is dominated by hydro power (58%), geothermal (20%), and biomass (18%). In line with the government’s plan to decarbonize and achieve the Net Zero Emissions target by 2060, the 2021-2030 RUPTL (Long-Term Electricity Supply Plan) is designed to be the greenest RUPTL, with the Environmental Friendly Power Generation Plan or New Renewable Energy (EBT) reaching 52% of the total additional power plant capacity. One source of EBT power generation is biomass, derived from wood waste or the use of HTI (Industrial Timber Estate) wood processed into syngas through a gasification process for further conversion into environmentally friendly energy. Gasification is the process of converting woodchips as the raw material in a three-stage gasification process to produce syngas as fuel for diesel engines. During the gasification process, variations in the air ratio will be managed in the pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction zones with air ratio settings of 0:10:0, 1:8:1, 2:7:1, and 1:7:2. The syngas produced from this process will be used as fuel for diesel engines with a dual fuel system. The characterization of the performance of the dual fuel diesel engine will be conducted by testing the engine at 5000 rpm with load variations from 500 watts to 5000 watts in 500-watt increments and varying the syngas mass flow rate by adjusting the syngas valve opening to the diesel engine. The objective of this research is to determine that gasification of woodchips into syngas can be a promising potential source of renewable, environmentally friendly electrical energy and an alternative to support government programs through the decarbonization of diesel engines.