Fuel Consumption Of Ships Research Articles

Prediction of Ship Fuel Consumption and Speed Curve by Using Statistical Method

Prediction of Ship Fuel Consumption and Speed Curve by Using Statistical Method

Increase of Ship Fuel Consumption Due to the Added Resistance in Waves

Added resistance in waves is the second-order steady force dependant on the ship motions. It significantly affects ship operability and causes speed loss. Therefore the required power and fuel consumption of a ship advancing in a seaway increase. In this paper, additional fuel consumption is approximated in relation to the increased resistance, i.e. the difference between the ship resistance in calm water and resistance while operating in waves. Ship advancing in regular head waves with different speeds is examined. Calm water resistance is calculated according to the potential flow theory and ITTC 1957 model-ship correlation line. The added resistance in waves is calculated using three-dimensional boundary element method based on the potential flow theory. Motion induced resistance due to heave and pitch motions as well as reflection induced resistance are taken into account. Therefore, overall assessment of added resistance in regular waves is achieved through evaluation of the ship drift forces and quadratic transfer function. The so-called near-field formulation is used to determine wave loads acting on the ship hull. Evaluation of increased fuel consumption is made on the basis of estimated added resistance for different speeds and wave frequencies. Correlation of fuel consumption with various wave frequencies that the ship may encounter in its voyage is obtained.

A New Routing Optimization Tool-influence of Wind and Waves on Fuel Consumption of Ships with and without Wind Assisted Ship Propulsion Systems

Within the research project ROBUST** (Optimization of seaborne trade) a new software tool was developed to find the optimum shipping route, considering the influence of wind and waves on the ship's performance. A further aspect thereby is to assess the potential of wind assisted ship propulsion systems (WASP) in addition to the conventional diesel propulsion.The influence of wind and waves on the ship's performance in general is estimated by experience and model tests before ship construction. For the actual influence on a seagoing cargo ship, there is not much information available. For the research project ROBUST a 17.500 DWT multipurpose cargo ship was equipped with measuring systems (providing all 10min 64 data) to get continuous information about the influence of wind and waves on the ship performance (Wave data, power on shaft, machine consumption,…). For more than one year, data were collected worldwide. These data were used to fit computer models to calculate the influence of wind and waves on the ship performance.Based on these models, a branch and bound optimization system was developed to find the most efficient route for a given weather situation. The optimization is aiming for an energy minimum of the route. As a restriction the modification of the route is limited by a given time window for the traveling time. This effect of a WASP is discussed for a Flettner rotor. Results for a kite system and a Dynarig are calculated as well, but are not presented here. The route optimization system is tested with historical weather data from the German DWD. The simulations show that relative small adoptions of the route to the actual weather situation may give an interesting potential for savings of energy and thereby of costs.**The research project ROBUST is financed by the VW foundation via the country Lower Saxony, Germany.

A Procedure for Predicting and Controlling the Ship Fuel Consumption: Its Implementation and Test

In light of the International Maritime Organization guidelines, the new Regulation of the European Union urges shipping companies to set up a system for monitoring, reporting and verification of CO2 emissions based on ship fuel consumption. However, in nowadays market, there is a lack of techniques for fuel consumption monitoring that can be adopted in a real environment. The proposed procedure overcomes the use of Speed–Power curves, which are commonly utilized in the Naval Architecture, by means of a multiple linear regression model that exploits the navigation information usually available in modern ships. This procedure can be used both to alert technical management of a shipping company for anomalous fuel consumption and to quantify the fuel consumption reduction connected with any specific policy adopted to improve energy efficiency. Therefore, this can be particularly profitable for shipping companies and operators in order to claim for carbon credits. The proposed approach is currently implemented by the Energy Saving Technical Department of the Grimaldi Group on a Ro‐Ro Pax ship. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Statistical Approach to Ship Fuel Consumption Monitoring

The reduction of the environmental impact imposed by Kyoto Protocol and the growth of competitiveness imposed by the shipping market have urged shipping companies to pay increasing attention to ship energy efficiency improvement and CO2 emission reduction. According to the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) recommended by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the main scope of this article is in fact to overcome the deterministic limits of the monitoring systems installed in modern ships and support technical management in decision making based on large navigation databases. The proposed statistical approach is founded on a multiple linear regression and allows for both pointwise and interval predictions of the fuel consumption. At the end of each voyage, the model can be used to alert management for a possible change in ship performance in all those situations where the actual fuel consumption lies outside the prediction interval. Moreover, the model can also be utilized to quantify the contribution to the fuel consumption due to the hull and propeller fouling, which is particularly profitable for shipping companies and operators to claim for carbon credits after a specific improvement operation.

A Statistical Approach to Ship Fuel Consumption Monitoring

The reduction of the environmental impact imposed by Kyoto Protocol and the growth of competitiveness imposed by the shipping market have urged shipping companies to pay increasing attention to ship energy efficiency improvement and CO2 emission reduction. According to the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) recommended by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the main scope of this article is in fact to overcome the deterministic limits of the monitoring systems installed in modern ships and support technical management in decision making based on large navigation databases. The proposed statistical approach is founded on a multiple linear regression and allows for both pointwise and interval predictions of the fuel consumption. At the end of each voyage, the model can be used to alert management for a possible change in ship performance in all those situations where the actual fuel consumption lies outside the prediction interval. Moreover, the model can also be utilized to quantify the contribution to the fuel consumption due to the hull and propeller fouling, which is particularly profitable for shipping companies and operators to claim for carbon credits after a specific improvement operation.

Cost relations of the treatments of ship hulls and the fuelconsumption of ships

An analysis has been made to the costs of different methods of surface preparation of ships’ hulls, the costs of application of paints and the costs of different paint systems. By comparing the total costs of several painting schemes with the costs o