Fuchsin Research Articles

Long-term clinical-pathologic results of enzyme replacement therapy in pre-hypertrophic fabry disease cardiomyopathy

Abstract Background Limited ability of ERT in removing Gb-3 from cardiomyocytes is recognized for advanced FDCM. Pre-hypertrophic FDCM is believed to be cured or stabilized by ERT. However, no pathologic confirmation is available. We report here in the long-term clinical-pathologic impact of ERT on pre-hypertrophic FDCM. Purpose Long-term clinical-pathologic impact of ERT on pre-hypertrophic FDCM. Methods Fifteen Fabry patients with LVMWT ≤ 10.5 mm at CMR required EMB because of angina and/or ventricular arrhythmias. EMB showed coronary small vessel disease in angina cohort and vacuoles in smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes around 20% of cell surface containing myelin bodies at electron microscopy. Patients received α-agalsidase in 8 and β-agalsidase in 7 cases. Both groups referred symptoms improvement except 2 patients treated with α- and β-agalsidase respectively. After ERT administration ranging from 4 and 20 years all patients had control CMR and LVEMB because of persistence of symptoms or patients enquiry on disease resolution. Results In 13 asymptomatic FDCM patients, LVMWT and LV-mass, cardiomyocyte diameter, vacuole surface/cell surface ratio and vessels remained unchanged or minimally increased (LV-mass augmented by < 2%) even after 20 years observation and storage material was still present at electron microscopy. In 2 symptomatic patients, FDCM progressed with larger and more engulfed by Gb-3 myocytes being associated to myocardial virus-negative lymphocytic inflammation. Conclusions ERT stabilizes storage deposits and myocyte dimensions in 87% of patients with pre-hypertrophic FDCM. Gb-3 is never completely removed even after long-term treatment. Immune-mediated myocardial inflammation can overlap limiting ERT activity. Figure Legend Patient 11 (24-year-old man) with genetic and biopsy-proven diagnosis of FDCM before and after 20 years ERT. CineMR (A,B) and LGE (C,D) images, performed at baseline (A,C) and 20 years after ERT (B,D) show normal LV wall thickness (8mm and 10 mm) and absence of fibrotic areas. Panel E and F represent semithin section of Epon-embedded EMB samples, stained with basic fuchsin, showing mildly hypertrophied cardiomyocytes containing storage material that result unmodified after long-term ERT administration. Panel G and H are ultrastructural evidence of storage material to consist of myelin bodies (panel G) that remain unchanged after ERT (Panel H).

Innovative fluorescence sensing platform for β-lactams based on acidity/basicity-sensitive graphdiyne quantum dots.

Residues of β-lactam antibiotics (β-LA) in the environment have posed a great threat to human health, while lacking a simple, effective, and universal sensing method. Herein, basic fuchsin and graphdiyne (GDY) were used as precursors to prepare the first reported acidity/basicity-sensitive GDY quantum dots (S-GDY QDs). We propose a novel fluorescence-sensing strategy for β-LA detection based on the ability of β-lactamases to catalyze β-LA to form carboxylic acid, which further induces a change in the acidity/basicity of the solution and causes a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of S-GDY QDs. Furthermore, a fluorescence test strip sensing platform integrated with a smartphone was established to achieve rapid, portable, and visual monitoring of β-LA. Using penicillin G as a model, a detection limit as low as 15.7 nM was achieved, showing important implications for β-LA detection.

Russulaceae of the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana 5. Two newly described diminutive species in a novel lineage of the crown clade of Russula (Russulaceae)

Much of our previous work documenting fungal biodiversity in Guyana has been centered in forests of Dicymbe corymbosa Spruce ex Benth., which forms monodominant stands in the white sands region of Guyana. In order to begin to assess fungal biodiversity associated with other ectomycorrhizal host trees found in Guyana, expeditions were conducted to areas containing Dicymbe altsonii and Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea. In this paper, we describe two new species of Russula from Guyana with diminutive basidiomata: R. lilliputia and R. pakaraimaeae, found in association with these tree hosts, using a combined approach of morphological characterization and molecular analyses. Together with R. gelatinivelata, which we previously described from Guyana, R. lilliputia and R. pakaraimaeae form what appears to be a new lineage within the crown clade of Russula, sister to the subsect. Auratinae. Synapomorphies for the lineage include a pruinose to subtomentose pileus in dry conditions, suprapellis comprised of inflated cells that give rise to long cylindrical or digitate, and sinuous, thin or thick-walled pileocystidia that are strongly emergent, easily disarticulate in microscopic preparations, and have contents that are acid resistant in Basic Fuchsin, pruinose to subomentose patches on the stipe, suprahilar plage on the basidiospores, spore ornamentation of mostly isolated verrucae, and geographic distribution restricted to the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. Full descriptions, photos, line drawings of microscopic features, and comparisons with related species are provided.

Comparison of Microleakage of Monolithic Zirconia after Surface Treatment and Thermal Cycles Using Data Analysis Software

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the microleakage of monolithic zirconia after different surface treatments using computer software. Materials and Methods: Three different monolithic zirconia ML (Multilayered), STML (Super Translucent Multilayered), UTML (Ultra Translucent Multilayered) were prepared as discs with a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 1.2 mm. Four different surface treatments (Hydrofluoric acid, Tribochemical silica coating, Hydrofluoric acid application + Tribochemical silica coating, Milling + Tribochemical silica coating + Hydrofluoric acid application) were applied to the prepared samples according to their groups (n=8). Samples, Group C: Control group, Group HF: Hydrofluoric acid application, Group T: Tribochemical silica coating, Group HF+T: Hydrofluoric acid application + Tribochemical silica coating, Group F+HF+T: Milling + Tribochemical silica coating + Hydrofluoric acid application, then adhesive system was applied to all specimens and repaired with resin cement. The specimens were thermocycled for one year aging and then immersed in basic fuchsin solution to evaluate microleakage. The specimens were separated with a micro-cut device and evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The dimensions of the images were measured in Python program and the permeability and surface treatments of the zirconia samples were compared. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: UTML F+HF+T showed the lowest microleakage (12.15 ± 1.69), while ML C showed the highest microleakage (73.93 ± 1.59). Among the zirconia specimens, the highest adaptation was obtained in the UTML zirconia (37.59 ± 23.58). Conclusion: According to the data obtained, milling + tribochemical silica coating + acid application surface treatments are recommended for the repair of monolithic zirconia restorations. The sintering temperature and Yttrium Oxide (Y2O3) content of the monolithic zirconia used are effective factors in microleakage after repair.

Growth mechanism and SERS effect of Ag nanowire arrays prepared by solid-state ionics method

Solid-state ionic method has attracted more and more attention due to its simple operation and controllable preparation, but its growth mechanism is still uncertain. In this work, Ag nanowire (Ag NW) arrays prepared by solid-state ionics method at 5 μA impressed currents using fast ionic conductor RbAg4I5 films and different metal electrodes were reported. The conduction mode of Ag+ in RbAg4I5 films, the growth mechanism of Ag NW arrays prepared by solid-state ionics method and the effect of microscopic morphology on surface-enhance Raman scattering (SERS) performance were investigated. The results show that Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with diameters from 40 nm to 70 nm were attached to the surface of Ag NW arrays with diameters of 80–150 nm prepared with different metal electrodes, which lead to Ag NW arrays have high surface roughness. The conduction velocity and stability of Ag+ in RbAg4I5 films are closely related to the morphology of Ag NW arrays. The irregular electrode interface and apical growth advantage resulted in the fractal dimension of Ag NW arrays prepared with Ag electrodes is 1.69 due to macroscopic dendritic structure. Ag NW arrays have excellent SERS performance due to the many Ag NPs attached to the surface of the closely aligned Ag NWs, the limit of detection (LOD) for Basic Fuchsin (BF) and Crystal Violet (CV) detected by Ag NW arrays SERS substrates prepared with Ag electrodes are as low as 10−11and 10−14mol/L, respectively. This paper provides a reference for the preparation method of metal nanostructures, Ag NW arrays have good potential for application in the field of trace analysis.

Utilization of desilication products as efficient adsorbents for the removal of basic fuchsine

Desilication products (DSPs) are one of the main components of bauxite residue, which is currently discharged without further usage. The present study reports on the use of DSPs as adsorbents for basic fuchsine dye. Using artificial spent liquor, we synthesized not only neat DSP but also solids in the presence of various organics, to account for their likely occurrence during the Bayer process. The physico-chemical properties of all DSPs are similar, except for the specific surface area (SSA), which decreases as the organic content in the final product increases. Further, we compared the adsorption characteristics of DSP to those of Y-type faujasite (FAUY). Strikingly, both time-dependent adsorption measurements and adsorption isotherms showed that DSP, despite its 28-fold smaller SSA, binds 4–5 times more dye molecules. Computational modelling for sodalite (as a model for DSP) and FAUY indicates not only more favourable adsorbent-adsorbate interactions, but also more available free Si-OH sites for binding of fuchsine in the case of sodalite. Finally, we find that organic impurities present in the Bayer liquor do not alter the adsorption capacity of neat DSP to any significant degree; therefore, this adsorbent tolerates numerous organic contaminants without decreasing its affinity to the binding of fuchsine.

Construction of Type-II Zn-SnO2/BiOBr Heterojunctions with Dual-oxygen Vacancies for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation

Zn-SnO2/BiOBr, a novel heterojunction material for photocatalytic dye degradation, was synthesized successfully using the one-step hydrothermal method. The formation of the heterojunction enhanced the vacancy coupling effect. The photocatalytic experiment results showed that the degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) due to 0.3Zn-SnO2/BiOBr (the heterojunction formed when the molar ratio of Zn-SnO2 to BiOBr was 0.3) within 15 min was 9.27 and 476.9 times that of BiOBr and Zn-SnO2, respectively. Additionally, the degradation rate of basic fuchsin (BF) due to 0.3Zn-SnO2/BiOBr was 4.2 and 21.9 times that of BiOBr and Zn-SnO2, respectively. The significantly improved photocatalytic performance was because many oxygen vacancies in Zn-SnO2/BiOBr collaborated with the type-II heterojunction to promote a narrow bandgap value efficiently, increasing the photogenerated electrons (e–) and hole (h+), an increased charge separation efficiency under visible light, and favored the photocatalytic degradation of dyes.

Novel environmentally-friendly 0D/3D TiO2@FeMoO4 binary composite with boosted photocatalytic performance: Structural analysis and Z-scheme interpretations

For efficient pollutant degradation under any extreme circumstances, TiO2-based photocatalyst being accessible and inexpensive will be a desirable engineering source satisfying excellent photocatalytic performance in an eco-friendly manner. Here, we report the unfolded way of designing the novel concept of Z-scheme heterojunction consisting of TiO2 and FeMoO4 via thermal techniques in which hydrothermal treatment was coupled sequentially by the calcination step. The well-aligned band structure of the developed composite, possessing numerous active sites, enhanced the separation of the generated charge carriers which in turn boosted the photocatalytic efficiency. The prepared photocatalysts were thoroughly investigated via different techniques like XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, TEM-EDS, Pl, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, and Uv-Vis spectroscopy. The TiO2-8 wt.% FeMoO4 (TF 8%) photocatalyst displayed better photocatalytic performance for removing Basic Fuchsin dye (BF) in 20min than other counterparts under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, the probable photocatalytic mechanism was evidenced by XPS results and the trapping experiments. Trapping experiments revealed that •O2− and •OH radicals were the primary active species. The synthesized TF 8% photocatalyst has revealed outstanding durability after five successive recycles without change in the structural features which was confirmed by XRD analysis. This work could provide new perspectives into various environmental applications by utilizing highly efficient materials that have been strategically constructed.

Green Removal of Basic Fuchsin Using Fibers from Reed Leaves

This study investigates the adsorptive capacity of a novel lignocellulosic material derived from reed leaves for the removal of Basic Fuchsin, a cationic dye, from aqueous solutions through batch adsorption experiments. The experimental data showed that the adsorbent demonstrated effective dye removal, with the adsorption kinetics following a pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium data best described by the Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The Langumir model shows the maximum capacity adsorption was 37.59 mg.g-1 Moreover, thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was non-spontaneous and exothermic, highlighting the potential for optimizing conditions to enhance dye uptake and sustainability in wastewater treatment applications. In addition, characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis (BET) confirmed that the adsorbent possessed an amorphous structure with a surface area of 2.42 m².g-1 and the presence of mesoporous features. Lignocellulosic materials such as reed leaf adsorbents, effectively remove hazardous dyes from wastewater offering a sustainable solution to pollution.

Novel algae-chitosan/alginate beads for efficient basic Fuchsin removal: Synthesis, characterization, adsorption study, mechanism, and optimization

In this study, utilized algae activated with citric acid and lime juice to develop a novel bioadsorbent, The Algae@CS/Alginate beads were formed by encapsulating the activated algae with chitosan and alginate, producing a nanocomposite that is efficient in removing Basic Fuchsin (BF) dye from water. The beads were characterized by means of a diversity of techniques, such as FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM and determination the surface area via N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm that permitted that the adsorbent has high surface area 124.43 m2/g. The electrical properties of the BF, including its structure and reactivity, were determined by density functional theory (DFT). The MEP data and the molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), as well as the sites of the electrophilic besides nucleophilic attack places, correspond fairly well, according to DFT. The adsorption process was fitted to Langmuir isothermally, and kinetically to pseudo-second-order (PSOE) model. The adsorption mechanism was identified as chemisorption with an adsorption energy of 32.6 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic research shows that the BF adsorption process by Algae@CS/Alginate beads is spontaneous and endothermic because of the positive ΔHo and negative ΔGo. Through numerical optimization of the programmed, the ideal conditions for adsorption were strongminded to be a pH of 8, a dosage of 0.02 g/25 mL for Algae@CS/Alginate beads, and a concentration of 367.27 mg/g of BF. Using the least amount of intended experiments, the adsorption procedure was optimized by the request of Box-Behnken design (BBD) and answer surface methodology (RSM) in Design-Expert software. Adsorbent reusability test results showed that, following eight successive cycles of adsorption and desorption, the adsorbent was stable and that removal efficacy had not decreased. It additionally demonstrated good efficacy, no alteration in chemical conformation, and the same XRD and FTIR data before and after recycle. Analyze the interaction between the Algae@CS/Alginate beads and the BF.

Alginate-derived biomass carbon‑molybdenum disulfide heterogeneous materials: Vertically grown/uniformly dispersed molybdenum disulfide nanosheets/nanoflowers for wastewater treatment

In order to improve the dispersion of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and enhance the performance of MoS2, two alginate-derived biomass carbon-MoS2 (BC-MoS2) composites: CMB/CMS, were prepared by introducing BC during the synthesis of MoS2 by hydrothermal. The effects of different gels, times and temperatures of the synthesized BC-MoS2 were investigated, and the adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB), basic fuchsin (BF) and copper ions (Cu2+) was tested. The results indicated that the vertical growth of MoS2 on the BC surface could be realized when using xero-gel, while the BC and MoS2 were mixed uniformly when using wet-gel. Compared with MoS2, the hydrophilicity and water dispersibility of BC-MoS2 were greatly improved, and BC-MoS2 had better adsorption capacity for MB/BF/Cu2+ (99.61/86.83/60 mg/g). The adsorption mechanism exhibits that the adsorption force of BC-MoS2 on MB/BF is mainly based on the electrostatic force, and the adsorption on Cu2+ comes from the electrostatic force and the Lewis soft-soft interaction. This study dramatically enriches the application of transition metal chalcogenides and provides a meaningful reference for wastewater treatment.

Indigenous copper and dye resistant bacteria: Enterobacter cloacae Suk1 and Serratia nematodiphila Suk13 isolated from Sukolilo River, Surabaya Province, Indonesia

Bioremediation using indigenous copper-resistant bacteria has been successfully used in reducing copper concentrations. However, little information is available concerning the resistance of bacteria to copper and dyes. This study, therefore, was aimed at 1) isolating and characterizing multi-resistant bacteria, 2) measuring the copper biosorption and accumulation ability, and 3) measuring the growth and decolorization ability of various dyes. Dye-multi-resistant bacteria were isolated from Sukolilo River, Indonesia. Copper resistance was determined by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The biosorption and accumulation abilities were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The twelve dyes used in the test were methylene blue, malachite green, congo red, mordant orange, reactive black, direct yellow, basic fuchsine, reactive orange, dispersion orange, remazol red, wantex yellow, and wantex red. The decolorization activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 300-900 nm. The results showed that nine isolates of copper-resistant bacteria demonstrated MIC of 3-9 mM CuSO4. Enterobacter cloacae Suk1 and Serratia nematodiphila Suk13 have been demonstrated to possess multi-resistance to CuSO4, and the twelve dyes, except Enterobacter cloacae Suk1 which did not grow on malachite green and basic fuchsine. Enterobacter cloacae Suk1 was able to decolorize 89.42% of methylene blue and 83.61% of congo red in a medium supplemented with 500 ppm of each dye. Enterobacter cloacae Suk1 and Serratia nematodiphila Suk13 also accumulated copper of up to 2.61 mg and 2.48 mg/g dry weight of cell, respectively, and removed copper of up to 94.64% and 90.52% in a medium containing 5 mM CuSO4, respectively.

A simple method for synthesis and photocatalytic performance of a novel boron doped BiOCl

In this study, a fresh boron-doped B/BiOCl was produced utilizing BPO4 as the boron origin. When exposed to visible light, B/BiOCl demonstrated effective degradation of organic dyes like Rhodamine B (RhB), methyl blue (MB), and basic fuchsin (BF). Their degradation rates surpassed those of BiOCl by 1.7 times for RhB, 3.6 times for MB, and 8.35 times for BF, respectively. Furthermore, the introduction of boron into B/BiOCl notably enhanced its photocatalytic reduction capability towards carbon dioxide, leading to a 3.21-fold increase in CH4 production compared to BiOCl. Analysis results revealed a homogeneous distribution of boron within BiOCl, thereby improving its efficiency in charge-hole separation and adsorption. Consequently, the photocatalytic performance of B/BiOCl was significantly augmented.

Starch-based self-assembled three-dimensional network nanostructure materials for sustainable cascade adsorption

Toward the development of a sustainable utilization strategy for adsorption materials, a starch-based adsorbent starch–chitosan–tannic acid (St–CTS–TA) with a three-dimensional (3D) structure was fabricated in water via electrostatic and hydrogen bonding reactions between St, CTS, and TA without using toxic reducing agents or special instruments. St-CTS-TA demonstrated a high specific surface area of 37 m2/g as well as a mesoporous/macroporous distribution ranging from 30 to 80 nm, which enhanced the mass transfer of adsorbate and the exposure of catechol groups in TA. The Langmuir isotherm adsorption model revealed that the highest adsorption capacities of St–CTS–TA for Fe3+ and Co2+ were 1678.2 and 944.8 mg/g, respectively. Surprisingly, the specific surface area of St–CTS–TA increased from 37 to 87 and 42 m2/g after Fe3+ and Co2+ adsorption, respectively, and the resulting St–CTS–TA–Fe and St–CTS–TA–Co could continuously adsorb basic fuchsin (BF) and rhodamine B (RhB). The adsorption capacities of St-CTS-TA-Fe and St-CTS-TA-Co for BF/RhB were found to be 1854.79/401.19 mg/g and 2229.77/537.49 mg/g, respectively, based on the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model.

Highly effective removal of basic fuchsin dye using carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan grafted acrylic acid-acrylamide/montmorillonite composite hydrogel

This study developed a nanocomposite hydrogel, CAM4-MMT, for efficiently removing basic fuchsin dye from water. The hydrogel was prepared by grafting a copolymer of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) onto carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CMKGM), and doped with montmorillonite (MMT), exhibited excellent thermal stability, a porous inner structure, large specific surface area (1.407 m2/g), and high swelling capacity (107.3 g/g). The hydrogel achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 694.1 mg/g and a removal rate of 99.5 %. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption process. Regeneration and reuse tests confirmed that the hydrogel has excellent recyclability. In conclusion, the CAM4-MMT composite hydrogel efficiently removed basic fuchsin from water solutions, offering a new scheme for eliminating basic fuchsin using natural polysaccharides with promising applications.

Investigating the efficacy of biochar produced from agro-waste for basic fuchsin dye removal: Kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies

The present article investigates the efficacy of biochar (BC) derived from agricultural waste for treating cationic dyes. Various biomass, including sycamore leaf (SL), cotton waste (CW), groundnut shell (GS), rice husk (RH), coconut shell (CS), banana pith (BP), and coconut husk (CH) were used to prepare biochar at 400, 600, and 800 °C. The highest removal of basic fuchsin (BF) dye was observed onto the BC prepared at 800 °C, with the removal efficiency as follows: cotton waste biochar (CWB) 88.12 %, groundnut shell biochar (GSB) 88.73 %, rice husk biochar (RHB) 89.37 %, coconut shell biochar (CSB) 90.4 %, coconut husk biochar (CHB) 91.24 %, banana pith biochar (BPB) 96.7 %, and sycamore leaf biochar (SLB) 100 %, respectively. The dye concentration, BC dose, reaction time, temperature, and pH were optimized. Optimal conditions for higher BF dye sorption (174.5 mg g−1) were found at the dye concentration of 3500 mg L−1, SLB dose of 0.2 g, time 45 min, temperature 40 ± 2 °C, and pH 9 ± 0.2. The sorption kinetic data best fit a pseudo-second-order model, while isotherm data followed the Freundlich model, suggesting chemisorption with a multilayer sorption process. Thermodynamic data implied that the sorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The present research revealed the hidden potential of widely and easily available waste biomass to competently remove the cationic dye.

SOFT MODIFICATION AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS USED AS A LOW-COST EFFICIENT BIOSORBENT TO REMOVE BASIC FUCHSINE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

This study proposes a new modification of lignocellulosic biomass based on apricot kernel shells with composite activation KI/KOH and functionalized with a tolerant material (MgO) powder. Apricot kernel shells (NAK), modified apricot kernel shells (MAK) and doped apricot kernel shells (DAK) obtained were characterized using various methods, such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and point of zero charge (pHpzc). The adsorbents were also evaluated in batch adsorption, using basic fuchsine dye (BF) to determine the performance and specific capacity of the adsorption process. The results showed that only 90 min and 0.1 g of DAK or MAK are sufficient to remove 93% and 91%, respectively, of basic fuchsine from aqueous solutions with a concentration of 20 mg/L in a volume of 100 mL. The MAK and DAK adsorbents can be reused for 5 cycles before their yield decreases below 50%, without requiring complex regeneration procedures, only drying for 4 h at 105°C. The evolution of adsorption was analyzed under different parameters, such as contact time, initial dose of adsorbent, initial dye concentration, initial pH, and temperature. The kinetic adsorption models indicate that the pseudo-second-order model was more suitable than the pseudo-first-order and intraparticle diffusion models for describing the adsorption process. The equilibrium adsorption data of BF were better fitted by the Langmuir isotherm, compared to the Freundlich and Temkin isotherms.

Efficient removal of cationic dyes using lemon peel-chitosan hydrogel composite: RSM-CCD optimization and adsorption studies

The most prominent and easily identifiable factor of water purity is its colour, which may be both physically undesirable, and act as an alert towards potential environmental contamination. The current study describes the optimum synthesis technique for Lemon Peel-Chitosan hydrogel using the Response Surface Methodology integrated Central composite Design (RSM-CCD). This adsorbent is both environmentally friendly and cost-effective. The hydrogel exhibited a maximal dye removal capacity of 24.984, 24.788, 24.862, 23.483, 24.409, and 24.726 mg g−1, for 10 mg L−1 aqueous medium of Safranin O, Methylene blue, Basic fuchsin, Toluidine blue, Brilliant green and Crystal violet, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm data suggest that the Pseudo second-order kinetic and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models precisely represent the respective behaviour of all the dyes. The thermodynamic viability of the process is determined by the values of ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS. The probable mechanism of adsorption was the electrostatic interaction between the dye molecules and the hydrogel. The regenerated hydrogel had removal efficiencies of over 80 % even after enduring six cycles. Hence, the exceptional recyclability and utility of the adsorbent show their sustainability for wastewater treatment in textile factories.

Fabrication of carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene oxide/ZnO composite hydrogel for efficient removal of fuchsin dye from aqueous media

Hydrogels are hydrophilic, insoluble, and highly porous 3D networks capable of absorbing large amounts of water. This study aimed to develop a carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene oxide (CMC/GO) hydrogel, cross-linked with citric acid and modified with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (CMC/GO/ZnO), synthesized via the sol-gel method. The formulated composite hydrogel samples were characterized by Fourier transmittance infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The hydrogels were tested for the adsorption of basic fuchsin (BF) dye from the aqueous medium under various conditions, such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, and temperature, using batch adsorption. The adsorption data best fit the Langmuir and Temkin models, with maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 172.41 mg/g for CMC/GO and 303.03 mg/g for CMC/GO/ZnO. Optimal adsorption occurred at pH = 6 and within 30 min. The process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and thermodynamic results indicated that the adsorption process is physical, endothermic and spontaneous. The COOH groups in the hydrogels enhanced affinity for cationic dyes through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Thus, CMC/GO and CMC/GO/ZnO hydrogels are efficient and promising adsorbents for environmental remediation.

Removal enhancement of persistent basic fuchsin dye from wastewater using an eco-friendly, cost-effective Fenton process with sodium percarbonate and waste iron catalyst.

In this comprehensive investigation, we evaluate the efficacy of the Fenton process in degrading basic fuchsin (BF), a resistant dye. Our primary focus is on the utilization of readily available, environmentally benign, and cost-effective reagents for the degradation process. Furthermore, we delve into various operational parameters, including the quantity of sodium percarbonate (SPC), pH levels, and the dimensions of waste iron bars, to optimize the treatment efficiency. In the course of our research, we employed an initial SPC concentration of 0.5 mM, a pH level of 3, a waste iron bar measuring 3.5 cm in length and 0.4 cm in diameter, and a processing time of 10 min. Our findings reveal the successful elimination of the BF dye, even when subjected to treatment with diverse salts and surfactants under elevated temperatures and acidic conditions (pH below 3). This underscores the robustness of the Fenton process in purifying wastewater contaminated with dye compounds. The outcomes of our study not only demonstrate the efficiency of the Fenton process but highlight its adaptability to address dye contamination challenges across various industries. Critically, this research pioneers the application of waste iron bars as a source of iron in the Fenton reaction, introducing a novel, sustainable approach that enhances the environmental and economic viability of the process. This innovative use of recycled materials as catalysts represents a significant advancement in sustainable chemical engineering practices.