Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome Research Articles

Clinical features and treatment results of Fuchs uveitis syndrome

Clinical features and treatment results of Fuchs uveitis syndrome

XEN45 Gelstent Implantation in the Treatment of Glaucoma Secondary to Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome

ABSTRACT Purpose Evaluation of treatment efficacy of XEN45 gelstent for glaucoma secondary to Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS). Methods This retrospective case series evaluated patients with glaucoma secondary to FUS, who underwent XEN45 implantation. Complete success was defined as IOP lowering of ≥ 20% and cutoff IOP at ≤ 18 mmHg. Success was qualified if additional glaucoma medication was necessary. Additional glaucoma surgery except for needling and open bleb revision was regarded as failure. Results Twelve eyes of 12 patients were included. Qualified and complete success rates were 50% after one year (n = 10). Qualified success was achieved in 66.6% of patients with 33.3% of patients achieving complete success after two years (n = 6). Conclusions XEN45 implantation had some success in the treatment of glaucoma secondary to FUS, but needling was frequently necessary to improve outcome.

Detection of Fuchs' Uveitis Syndrome From Slit-Lamp Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks in a Chinese Population.

Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome (FUS) is one of the most under- or misdiagnosed uveitis entities. Many undiagnosed FUS patients are unnecessarily overtreated with anti-inflammatory drugs, which may lead to serious complications. To offer assistance for ophthalmologists in the screening and diagnosis of FUS, we developed seven deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) to detect FUS using slit-lamp images. We also proposed a new optimized model with a mixed “attention” module to improve test accuracy. In the same independent set, we compared the performance between these DCNNs and ophthalmologists in detecting FUS. Seven different network models, including Xception, Resnet50, SE-Resnet50, ResNext50, SE-ResNext50, ST-ResNext50, and SET-ResNext50, were used to predict FUS automatically with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) that ranged from 0.951 to 0.977. Our proposed SET-ResNext50 model (accuracy = 0.930; Precision = 0.918; Recall = 0.923; F1 measure = 0.920) with an AUC of 0.977 consistently outperformed the other networks and outperformed general ophthalmologists by a large margin. Heat-map visualizations of the SET-ResNext50 were provided to identify the target areas in the slit-lamp images. In conclusion, we confirmed that a trained classification method based on DCNNs achieved high effectiveness in distinguishing FUS from other forms of anterior uveitis. The performance of the DCNNs was better than that of general ophthalmologists and could be of value in the diagnosis of FUS.

Resident Perspectives 56–3

Resident Perspectives 56–3

In vivo analysis of choroidal vascularity index changes in eyes with Fuchs uveitis syndrome

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate changes in the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in eyes with Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) and determine the effect of heterochromia on choroidal vascularity using binarisation of enhanced-depth imaging (EDI)-optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. MethodsThe study included the affected eyes (FEs) and unaffected fellow eyes (NFEs) of 24 patients with unilateral FUS and the eyes of 30 healthy controls (HCs). The subfoveal total choroidal area (TCA) and the luminal area (LA) were determined by binarised EDI-OCT images using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). The CVI value was calculated by dividing the LA value by the TCA value. ResultsThe CVI values were significantly lower in FEs (58.8 ± 3.7 %) compared to NFEs (62.3 ± 3.9 %, p = 0.002) and HCs (61.1 ± 3.7 %, p = 0.008). The mean LA was significantly narrower in FEs than in NFEs (p = 0.047) and HCs (p = 0.001). Additionally, the mean CVI values were significantly lower in eyes with heterochromia compared to those without heterochromia (p = 0.024) in the affected eyes of patients with FUS. ConclusionThis study shows that there are significant quantitative structural changes, especially in the luminal part of the subfoveal choroid, in eyes with FUS. The choroid seems to be more affected in the presence of heterochromia. These findings might support posterior involvement and the chronicity of the disease.

May ganglion cell complex analysis be a marker for glaucoma susceptibility in unilateral Fuchs' uveitis syndrome?

To compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT) in the affected eyes to fellow unaffected eyes of patients with unilateral Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS) and analyze their change over time. Twenty seven unilateral FUS patients who did not have concomitant systemic or ocular disease were retrospectively enrolled. Central macular thickness (CMT), RNFL thickness, and GCIPLT measurements were evaluated. Data was analyzed using the non-parametric Brunner-Langer model (LD-F2 design) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The mean age of the patients was 40.2 ± 10.2years. The median disease duration was 11 (2-62) months. The median best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the affected eyes and the fellow eyes was 0.22 (0.00-2.50) vs. 0.00 (0.0-0.10) logMAR at the initial visit and 0.05 (0.00-2.50) vs. 0.00 (0.0-0.30) logMAR at the final visit. The change in BCVA was found significant in the affected eyes, but not in the fellow eyes (p < 0.001 and p = 0.287, respectively). The median CMT in the affected eyes at the final visit was not statistically different from the value at the initial visit (255 (157-306) vs. 245 (140-310) µm, p = 0.256). The change in RNFL thickness over time in the affected eyes was similar to the fellow unaffected eyes of the patients with unilateral FUS at all quadrants, with non-significant time and group effects (p > 0.05). However, median GCIPLT in all quadrants (except superonasal) in the affected eyes was statistically lower than the fellow eyes at the initial and final visits (p < 0.05). The most affected quadrant of the ganglion cell complex was inferonasal in the involved eyes (79 (42-97) vs. 75 (43-87) µm) at initial and final visits (p = 0.033 for time effect and p < 0.001 for group effect, respectively). Median CMT and RNFL thickness did not change during follow-up in the affected eyes of patients with unilateral FUS. Median GCIPLT in the affected eyes declined over time in all quadrants. Ganglion cell loss was also most prominent in the inferonasal quadrant in the affected eyes. FUS patients should be followed up long-term in terms of ganglion cell loss, especially in the inferonasal quadrant.

Aetiology and clinical characteristics of uveitic glaucoma in Turkish patients.

To investigate the types, frequency and clinical profiles of uveitic glaucoma seen at a tertiary care center and also to have an idea about the distribution of uveitic glaucoma types in Turkish population. Consecutive case notes of all patients attending a specialized uveitis clinic over a 3-month period were reviewed retrospectively. One hundred and seven eyes of 96 patients were included. Sixty-five of the eyes had anterior, one intermediate, nine posterior uveitis while 32 of them had panuveitis. Twenty-three eyes had acute, 52 chronic and 32 recurrent uveitis. Herpes virus associated iridocyclitis was the leading cause of anterior uveitis-associated uveitic glaucoma followed by cytomegalovirus (CMV) associated anterior uveitis; while steroid-induced glaucoma accounted for the majority of chronic uveitis with glaucoma followed by Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS). The most common causes of glaucoma among the cases were steroid-induced in 30 eyes (28%), Herpes virus anterior uveitis in 24 eyes (22%), CMV anterior uveitis in 20 eyes (18%), FUS in 15 eyes (14%), ocular toxoplasmosis in 5 eyes (4%). Behçet's uveitis was the most common (n = 11, 36%) cause of steroid-induced glaucoma. The need for surgical intervention was 23.32% (n = 25; 12 of them were FUS, 8 steroid-dependent, 1 HSV and 3 CMV anterior uveitis and 1 angle closure glaucoma with idiopathic uveitis) in our cases. Uveitic glaucoma is a common complication in a tertiary clinic. The most common causes are steroid-induced, FUS, viral anterior uveitis. The most common disease causing steroid induced glaucoma was Behçet's disease. Glaucoma surgery is required in a significant number of cases.

Relationship between the higher inflammatory cytokines level in the aqueous humor of Fuchs uveitis syndrome and the presence of cataract

BackgroundThis study aims to compare the levels of intraocular cytokines between Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) eyes and the senile cataract eyes. The association between inflammatory cytokine levels and cataract severity in FUS is evaluated to find the possible mechanism of cataract in FUS eyes.MethodsA retrospective study of 28 eyes with FUS was performed. Auxiliary examinations were performed, including ophthalmic examinations, laser flare-cell photometry, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor were measured. The control group included 25 eyes with senile cataract. Data on the aqueous humor inflammatory cytokines were compared between the two groups. The association between the aqueous humor cytokine levels and severity of posterior subcapsular cataract was assessed.ResultsThere were 28 eyes with FUS in 27 patients. Unilateral involvement was noted in 26 patients (96.30%). Stellate keratic precipitates (KPs) were noted in 16 eyes (57.14%). Heterochromia was observed in 21.43% of affected eyes. Posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) was observed in 16 of the 28 eyes. Eyes with FUS had significantly higher aqueous humor (AH) cytokine levels (VEGF, bFGF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) compared with the control eyes (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the severity of cataract and IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the AH (τ = 0.664 and 0.634, respectively; P = 0.001, P = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsExpression of VEGF, bFGF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in the AH of FUS patients was significantly higher than in senile cataract eyes, and the aqueous humor levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly positively associated with the severity of posterior subcapsular cataract. Our results imply that an inflammation mechanism may be involved in the early development of cataract in FUS.

Clinical Characteristics and Aqueous Humor Laboratory Analysis of Chinese Patients With Rubella Virus-Associated and Cytomegalovirus-Associated Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome.

Purpose: To describe and compare the clinical characteristics and laboratory analysis results of aqueous humor (AH) in fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) patients caused by rubella virus (RV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV).Methods: A retrospective and observation-based study was performed on 32 patients with FUS. Etiologies, clinical characteristics, ocular complications, visual prognoses, inflammatory cytokines, and virus-specific antibodies in AH were compared.Results: Among all the cases involved, 24 had RV FUS and 8 had CMV FUS. The mean age at diagnosis of FUS in the CMV group was older than that of the RV group (P = 0.031). The mean LogMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at initial presentation and at the final visit were both significantly higher in the CMV FUS group than those in the RV FUS group (P = 0.004, 0.047). The highest intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly higher in the CMV group (P = 0.040). Consistent with elevated IOP, the CMV FUS patients were significantly more prone to developing glaucoma eventually than the RV FUS patients (P = 0.039). Vitreous opacity was found in 66.7% of the RV patients and 25.0% of the CMV patients (P = 0.038). The gender ratio, initial symptoms, presence and types of keratic precipitates, severity of anterior segment inflammation, iris lesions, and incidence of complicated cataract were similar between the two groups. There was no detectable difference of inflammatory cytokines in AH between RV FUS and CMV FUS.Conclusion: The clinical manifestations and disease prognosis vary between CMV FUS and RV FUS. However, clinical differences are always not obvious enough for differential diagnosis. The laboratory AH analysis is necessary to identify the etiology, determine the therapeutic strategies, and assess the disease prognosis.

Inflammatory markers of complete blood count in Fuchs uveitis syndrome

ObjectiveTo evaluate inflammatory indices of complete blood count (CBC) in patients with Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS), and to compare the results with healthy individuals. DesignCross-sectional, comparative study. ParticipantsA total of 140 participants were included in the study and divided into 2 groups: 70 patients diagnosed with FUS (FUS group) and 70 healthy individuals (control group). MethodsThe groups were compared in terms of ocular examination findings and CBC parameters. The independent samples t test was used to examine variables between the groups. The Pearson correlation test was performed to analyze correlation among the severity of anterior chamber reaction, duration of FUS, and CBC indices. ResultsThe mean lymphocyte count and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were significantly higher in the FUS group than in the control group (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The mean monocyte count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly lower in the FUS group than in the control group (p = 0.010 and p = 0.003, respectively). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for LMR was 0.834, with a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 80.0%. The AUC for NLR was 0.789, with a sensitivity of 71.2% and a specificity of 70.0%. LMR was positively correlated with duration of FUS (p = 0.001, r = 0.574). ConclusionsOur findings suggest that decreased NLR and increased LMR values may be markers indicating impaired blood–aqueous barrier function in FUS.

Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Fuchs' Uveitis Syndrome: Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio.

To evaluate the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS). A case-control study. Department of Ophthalmology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, between July 2016 and June 2019. Twenty-eight patients with unilateral FUS and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. The NLR and PLR were calculated from complete blood counts tests; and compared between the groups. There were 28 patients (14 females, 14 males; median age: 33.5 (30-47.5) in the FUS group; and 30 patients (16 females, 14 males; median age 37.5 (33-41.8) in the healthy group. The NLR (1.7 v.s 1.2, p = 0.036 was found to be significantly higher and PLR was lower (100.27 ±37.13 v.s. 141.68 ±26.50 p <0.001) in the FUS group compared with the healthy controls. The median WBC (p <0.001), neutrophil (p <0.001), lymphocytes (p <0.001), and monocyte (p=0.041) values were found significantly higher in the FUS group compared with controls. The significant correlations were not seen between the number of anterior chamber cells; which are ocular inflammatory parameter and NLRs (r = 0.312, p = 0.106) and PLRs (r = 0.148, p = 0.453). The current study suggests that a slowly progressive immune-mediated process can affect peripheral blood inflammatory biomarkers and there is evidence of benign subclinical systemic inflammation in patients with FUS. Key Words: Fuchs uveitis syndrome, Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, Platelet to lymphocyte ratio.

Analysis of Corneal Densitometry and Endothelial Cell Function in Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome.

To evaluate corneal densitometry and endothelial cell properties in patients with unilateral Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS), and to compare results with unaffected contralateral eyes and healthy control subjects. A total of 90 participants were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. Forty-five affected eyes of patients with FUS were regarded as group 1 (FUSa), 45 fellow eyes were regarded as group 2 (FUSf), and 45 healthy-control eyes were regarded as group 3. Corneal densitometry was measured with densitometry software of Scheimpflug Corneal Topography (Pentacam HR, Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), whereas endothelial cell measurement was evaluated with specular microscopy (Tomey, EM4000, GmbH, Germany). The mean corneal densitometry values were higher in the midstromal (zones; 2-6, 6-10 mm), posterior (all zones), and total thickness (zones; 2-6, 6-10 mm) layers in the FUSa compared with FUSf and control eyes (P<0.05 for all comparisons). The mean values of average cell area and cell size characteristics (minimum, maximum, SD, and coefficient of variation) were higher; endothelial cell density and percentage of hexagonal cells were lower in the FUSa than in the other two groups (P<0.05 for all comparisons). There was a significantly strong correlation between specular microscopy parameters and posterior corneal densitometry values in the FUSa group. Impairment of endothelial cell function in affected eyes of patients with FUS resulted in increased values of corneal densitometry, especially posterior layer.

Choroid vascularity index as a parameter for chronicity of Fuchs' uveitis syndrome.

This study aimed to compare the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) of eyes having Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS) with healthy fellow eyes (N). This prospective, cross-sectional study included unilateral FUS cases and an age- and gender-matched healthy control group. Thirty-nine participants were included in the FUS group, and 24 age- and gender-matched individuals were randomly selected for the control group. Endothelial cell density (ECD) was measured using Tomey specular microscopy. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was used to acquire the choroidal images, and binarization was applied to the images. Two blinded investigators analyzed the CVI in both eyes of the FUS cases and the right eyes of the healthy control group. CVI was found to be significantly decreased in FUS (p < 0.001). Additionally, ECD had a strong positive correlation with CVI (r = 0.383, p = 0.008). CVI may provide information about the chronicity of the disease.

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and Its Intereye Differences in Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome Evaluated Using Optical Coherent Tomography

ABSTRACT Purpose: To measure the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and assess intereye subfoveal choroidal thickness difference (ISFCTD) in patients with unilateral Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome (FUS) compared with healthy controls. Methods: Forty-two patients with unilateral FUS were included in this observational retrospective study. SFCT in both eyes was measured in patients and controls using optical coherent tomography. The measurements were analyzed and compared as follows: for SFTC-affected eye vs fellow eye (FUS); affected eye (FUS) vs right control eye; fellow eye (FUS) vs left control eye; for ISFCTD – FUS patients vs controls. In addition, measurement error analysis was performed. Results: No significant differences in SFCT between the compared eyes were found (p > .05). The mean ISFCTD was 57.24 ± 40.8 µm in FUS patients and 30.33 ± 25.48 µm in controls (p < .,001). Conclusion: The ISFCTD was higher in FUS patients than in controls. There were no statistically significant differences in SFCT between the compared eyes.

Viral anterior uveitis

Viral anterior uveitis (VAU) needs to be suspected in anterior uveitis (AU) associated with elevated intraocular pressure, corneal involvement, and iris atrophic changes. Common etiologies of VAU include herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus, and rubella virus. Clinical presentations can vary from granulomatous AU with corneal involvement, Posner-Schlossman syndrome, Fuchs uveitis syndrome, and endothelitis. Due to overlapping clinical manifestations between the different viruses, diagnostic tests like polymerase chain reaction and Goldmann-Witmer coefficient analysis on the aqueous humor may help in identifying etiology to plan and monitor treatment.

Ultrastructural Analysis of the Anterior Lens Epithelium in Cataracts Associated with Uveitis

Purpose: To investigate the transmission electron microscopic findings of lens epithelial cells (LECs) in patients with different subtypes of uveitis and to compare the findings with those in age-matched controls. Methods: In this prospective case-control study, the anterior lens capsules were taken from 47 eyes of 47 patients with uveitis of different subtypes (17 with Fuchs uveitis syndrome [FUS], 13 with ­Behçet’s uveitis, 10 with idiopathic uveitis, and 7 with herpetic keratouveitis) and from 15 eyes of 15 control patients. Results: In the FUS group, the LECs had homogeneous thickening and irregularity, with some small vacuoles and widespread, oval-shaped pigment clusters in some areas. In the Behçet uveitis group, there was evident thinning in the lens epithelium. The subepithelial tissue under the epithelium was thickened, and edematous areas were detected. In the idiopathic uveitis group, the LECs were thinner with small vacuoles, and the cubic structure of the LECs was transformed into a squamous one. Moreover, the LECs included some small vacuoles, similar to those in the FUS group. In the herpetic keratouveitis group, two prominent cell types were observed: (1) completely normal LECs and (2) degenerated-type LECs with pyknotic nuclei, condensation of chromatin, swelling in the cytoplasm, membrane ruptures, and intra­cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. In the control group, the LECs and all of their elements occurred in normal ultrastructural patterns, with the exception of a few small intraepithelial vacuoles, which were fewer in number and smaller than those in the FUS and idiopathic uveitis groups. Conclusion: The electron microscopic analysis of LECs of patients with different subtypes of uveitis revealed significant ultrastructural alterations, which may be related to the summation of oxidative stress and intraocular inflammation.

Evaluation of radial peripapillary capillary density in patients with Fuchs uveitis syndrome.

To quantitatively analyze the microcirculation in the peripapillary sectors in the affected eyes and fellow unaffected eyes of individuals with unilateral Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to compare the radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPCvd) with normal and age-matched individuals. Eyes were divided into three groups based on the involvement of the FUS: FUS-positive eye of patients (study eye), fellow eye of FUS-positive patients (fellow eye), and the control eye for the control group (control eye). RPCvd (%) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (μm) at eight equal sectors and two equal hemispheres were automatically calculated in peripapillary region via OCTA. This study included 105 eyes of 71 patients: 34 FUS-positive eyes of 34 patients, 34 fellow eyes of FUS-positive patients, and 37 control eyes of 37 patients. RPCvd was significantly lower in study eyes than in fellow and control eyes in the peripapillary region (p = 0.044 and p = 0.005, respectively). There was no significant difference between fellow eyes and control eyes regarding RPCvd in any region (p > 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences between the three groups regarding peripapillary RNFL values (p > 0.05 for all). OCTA is a novel technology for imaging of the RPC network in patients with FUS. Lower radial peripapillary capillary vessel density in FUS could induce capillary insufficiency and impairment of ocular blood flow to optic nerve head.

Alteration of MCP-1 and MMP-9 in Aqueous Humor Is Associated with Secondary Glaucoma in Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze changes in concentrations of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, or metalloproteinases (MMP) in the aqueous humor (AH) in Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) patients with (FUSwG) or without (FUSwoG) secondary glaucoma. Methods AH samples were collected from 43 eyes of Caucasian subjects (FUSwoG: n = 11; FUSwG: n = 8; control eyes: n = 24). Concentrations of IL-8, MCP-1, MMP-1,-2,-3,-9, SAA, TGFß-1,-2,-3, and TNF-α were measured by multiplex bead assay analysis. Results Compared with the control group, levels of IL-8, MCP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 in the AH were significantly increased in FUSwG and FUSwoG patients. In contrast to FUSwoG patients, MCP-1 and MMP-9 level were lower in FUSwG, while expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, and TGFβ-1 was increased. Conclusion In our experiments, glaucoma in FUS patients was associated with low levels of MCP-1 and MMP-9 in the AH, while expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, and TGFβ-1 increased. The alteration in these molecular patterns may contribute to the development of glaucoma in FUS.

In vivo analysis and comparison of anterior segment structures of both eyes in unilateral Fuchs' uveitis syndrome.

To compare corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), iris stromal thickness (IST), iris pigment epithelium optical density (IPE OD), and Schlemm's canal (SC) measurements in patients having unilateral Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS). This is a randomized, prospective study. Currently, diagnosed unilateral FUS and phakic cases were defined to be the inclusion criteria to the study. The specular microscope was used to measure ECD. Anterior segment images were acquired by using SD-OCT. The images were extracted and uploaded to the ImageJ program for further analysis. Two blinded investigators analyzed the IST, IPE OD, and SC area in both healthy (N) and affected eyes (FUS) and the comparative analysis was made by using SPSS program. Of twenty-one participants, 13 were female (62%). The mean age of the participants was 30 ± 9 (18-47) years. ECD was 2228 ± 365 and 2513 ± 209cells/mm2 in the FUS and N, respectively (p < 0,001). In FUS, the mean nasal and temporal (n-t) IST was measured as 380 ± 44 and 347 ± 41μm, compared to 393 ± 61 and 355 ± 62μm in N, respectively (p = 0.3 and p = 0.4 respectively). The mean n-t IPE OD was measured as 1110 ± 499 and 937 ± 370 in FUS, compared to 1147 ± 528 and 1267 ± 428 in N, respectively (p = 0.008 temporal). The mean n-t SC area was measured as 5479 ± 1951 and 5624 ± 2722μm2 in FUS, compared to 5736 ± 2574 and 5633 ± 1835μm2 in N, respectively (p = 0.9 and p = 0.7 respectively). Decreased ECD in FUS may lead to serious complications after cataract surgery. Temporal IPE depigmentation occurs prior to the nasal side in FUS.

Aqueous humor IL-8, IL-10, and VEGF levels in Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome and Behçet’s uveitis

This study investigated the levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the aqueous humor (AqH) of patients with Behçet's uveitis (BU) and Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS) during an inactive period and compared these levels with those in the AqH of noninflammatory healthy control subjects. This prospective and case-control study included 33 patients (16 patients with BU and 17 patients with FUS) and 35 control subjects. IL-8, IL-10, and VEGF levels in the AqH were quantified by performing sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the cytokine levels in the different groups, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the AqH of patients with BU and FUS than in the AqH of control subjects (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). IL-10 levels were significantly lower in the AqH of patients with BU than in the AqH of patients with FUS and of control subjects (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Although VEGF levels were higher in the AqH of patients with FUS than in the AqH of patients with BU and of control subjects, the difference was significant only between patients with FUS and control subjects (p < 0.001). We observed a significant decrease in IL-10 levels in the AqH of patients with BU and a significant increase in VEGF levels in the AqH of patients with FUS compared to controls. IL-8 and VEGF levels showed no significant difference among uveitis patients.