FTU Kg-1 Research Articles

The Impact of Phytase and Different Levels of Supplemental Amino Acid Complexed Minerals in Diets of Older Laying Hens.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sources and levels of supplemental amino acid-complexed minerals (AACM), with and without enzyme phytase (EZ). A total of 512 Dekalb White laying hens at 67 weeks of age were used in a 2 × 3 + 2 factorial arrangement of 8 treatments and 8 replications each. The main effects included EZ supplementation (10,000 FTU kg-1) and AACM inclusion level (100, 70, and 40% of inorganic mineral recommendations), plus 2 control treatments. The group of hens fed AACM-100 showed lower feed intake than the inorganic mineral (IM) group. The diet containing AACM-EZ-70 provided a higher (p < 0.05) laying percentage and a lower (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than both the IM and IM-EZ diets. The groups fed AACM-EZ-40, AACM-EZ-100, and AACM-70 produced heavier yolks (p < 0.05). Hens fed IM laid eggs with the lowest yolk and albumen weights (p < 0.05). Layers fed with AACM-100 and AACM-70 produced the most resistant eggshells to breakage (p < 0.05). In diets containing phytase, the optimal AACM recommendations for better performance and egg quality in older laying hens are: 42, 49, 5.6, 28, 0.175, and 0.70 mg kg-1 for Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Se, and I, respectively.

Use of phytase and citric acid supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed on canola meal based diet.

Fishmeal; being a limited and costly feed ingredient is continuously been substituted with locally available plant proteins. However, the occurrence of anti-nutritional factors in plant meal suppresses its potential to be fully replaced. Therefore, in this study we aimed to study the synergistic effects of dietary additives like citric acid and phytase enzyme supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. Canola meal (CM) was used as a test ingredient to replace fishmeal (FM) as; 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%. These four diets were further supplemented by varying levels of phytase (0 and 750 FTU kg-1) and citric acid (0% and 2.5%) to formulate total sixteen test diets as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15 and T16. Each treatment contained three replicates; applied to fish groups having 15 fingerlings each; following 3×3 factorial arrangement. 1% of chromic oxide was added as an inert marker. Maximum weight gain% (288%) and the lowest value of FCR (1.07) were recorded when fish was fed on diet T12 as compared to fish fed control diet (T1). Similarly, optimum nutrient digestibility values such as crude protein (77%), crude fat (84%) and gross energy (70%) were noted on same level. It was concluded that 50% canola meal can optimally replace fishmeal when supplemented with phytase and citric acid at the levels of 750 FTU kg-1 and 2.5%, respectively.

Influence of phytate and phytase on performance, bone, and blood parameters of broilers at 42 days old

The objective was to evaluate the effect of diets containing various levels of phytate and phytase on broilers from 1 to 42 days old. The treatments consisted of a combination of diets containing high (HP), medium (MP) and low (LP) phytate with positive control diet (PC) and a negative control diet (NC) that was similar to the PC in energy and protein but with less calcium and phosphorus. Three additional diets, based on the NC were supplemented with 500, 1000, or 1500 FTU kg-1 of phytase. Broilers that received the NC diet exhibited the lowest weight gain (WG), whereas those supplemented with 1000 FTU kg-1 obtained 2.84% higher WG compared with PC. Broilers that received NC had the lowest breaking strength and dry matter. Birds fed HP diets that received NC and NC + 500 FTU kg-1 had a higher concentration of serum Ca and P than birds fed LP diets. Broilers fed the NC and NC + 500 and 1000 FTU kg−1 had lower tibia Ca levels compared with birds fed the PC. Broilers fed HP diets had higher tibia Ca content than MP. Phytase supplementation had a positive response in diets with reduced Ca and P. Based on regression analysis the optimum inclusion of phytase to improve broiler performance parameters was calculated as 952 FTU kg-1.

Dietary hybrid phytase and carbohydrases on nutrient digestibility and bone quality of broiler chickens

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of hybrid phytase, alone or combined with carbohydrases, in poultry diets with nutritional reductions of calcium, available phosphorus, and metabolizable energy on the nutrient digestibility and bone quality of broiler chickens. A total of 1,875 broilers were distributed in five treatments in a completely randomized design, with 15 replicates of 25 chickens each. The treatments consisted of a positive control feed (T1) and of four negative controls (T2 to T5): T1, basal diet (BD) with corn and soybean; T2 and T3, BDs with reductions of 70 and 100 kcal kg-1 metabolizable energy, respectively, and both with reductions of 0.16% Ca and 0.15% available P; and T4 and T5, BDs with the same nutritional reductions, but supplemented with enzymes, i.e., T4 = T2 + 500 phytase units (FTU) per kilogram and T5 = T3 + 500 FTU kg-1 + 560 xylanase units (TXU) per kilogram + 250 glucanase units (TGU) per kilogram. The use of 500 FTU kg-1 hybrid phytase in pelleted corn-soybean meal diets allows a good digestive performance by broilers and replaces the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy at 70 kcal kg-1, as well as 0.16% Ca and 0.15% available P.

Efficacy of phytase enzyme and citric acid on growth performance, nutrients and mineral digestibility of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed guar meal-based diet

The study was carried out to estimate the effects of phytase, and citric acid (CA) supplemented guar meal based diet on growth performance, nutrients and mineral digestibility in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. The experiment consisted on nine test diets. Diets were formulated by spraying graded levels of phytase (0, 500 and 1000 FTU kg-1) and 0% (0g), 2.5% (75g) and 5% (150g) citric acid supplementation to guar meal-based diet. Chromic oxide was added as an indigestible marker. Fingerlings were fed at the rate of 5% of live wet weight. The maximum growth performance, minerals, and nutrients fingerlings observed digestibility value fed diet supplemented with 1000 FTU kg-1 level of phytase and 2.5% CA. These values were significantly different from fish fed control and other test diets. It was concluded that the phytase and CA supplementation to guar meal based diet at 2.5% CA and 1000 FTU kg-1 level is optimum to release sufficient amount of chelated minerals and nutrients for C. mrigala fingerlings. Our findings also suggested that phytase and CA supplementation can help in the development of sustainable aquaculture by reducing the feed cost and nutrient’s discharge through feces into the aquatic ecosystem.

EVALUATION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF L-LYSINE AND PHYTASE IN CORN GLUTEN MEAL-SOYBEAN MEAL BASED DIETS FOR PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP PENAEUS VANNAMEI (BOONE, 1931)

An eight-weeks feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary L-lysine and/or phytase supplementation in corn gluten meal-soybean meal (CGM-SBM) protein blend diets on the growth, apparent digestibility, whole body chemical composition and digestive enzyme activity of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) juveniles. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated viz., control diet (T0), with 20% fishmeal was compared against four CGM-SBM based diets, T1 with no supplementation, T2 supplemented with L-lysine, T3 supplemented with phytase and T4 supplemented with L-lysine + phytase. Dietary lysine supplementation had a significant effect (p&lt;0.05) on growth performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR), while supplementation of dietary phytase had no effect on growth performance. Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) value for crude protein increased by 2.5 to 3% on supplementation of phytase (500 FTU kg-1 feed) in the diets. The protein digestibility increased by 8 to 11% with the addition of dietary phytase than other treatment groups with no supplementation of phytase. The amylase and lipase enzyme activity of T3 and T4 supplemented with dietary phytase was higher than the groups that were not supplemented with dietary phytase. Higher protease activity was observed in T2 diet supplemented with dietary L-lysine. L-lysine and phytase supplementation in plant based CGM-SBM protein blend diets resulted in better growth performance of P. vannamei.

Influence of dietary 1αlpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, individually or in combination with microbial phytase in calcium and phosphorus deficient diets on growth performance and tibia parameter of Japanese quails (&lt;i&gt;Coturnix japonica&lt;/i&gt;)

The effect of 1α-OH-D3 in calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) deficient diets on Japanese quail growth performance and tibia parameters was investigated. Eight-day-old (n = 160) newly hatched quails were weighed and randomly allocated to 20 groups, each with 4 replicate pens of 8 birds. Treatments were as follows: T1, Ca-P-adequate; T2,Ca-P-deficient; T3, Ca-P-deficient + 500 FTU kg-1 of phytase (Ph); T4, Ca-P-deficient diet + 5 µg kg-1 of 1α-OH-D3; T5,Ca-P-deficient + Ph + 5 µg kg-1 of 1α-OH-D3. Results showed that quails fed Ca-P-adequate had significantly higher body weight compared with quails fed Ca-P-deficient, Ca-P deficient supplemented with 1α-OH-D3 and Ca-P-deficient supplemented with 1α-OH-D3 and phytase, but did not differ from Ca-P-deficient diet supplemented with phytase. Quails fed Ca-P deficient were unable to achieve FCR comparable to quails fed Ca-P-adequate (p &lt; 0.05). The percentage of bone ash data indicated that quails fed Ca-P-adequate had higher tibia ash compared with other groups except for quails fed Ca-P deficient diet supplemented with combination of 1α-OH-D3 and phytase. Quails fed Ca-P-adequate had higher tibia P compared with quails fed Ca-P-deficient. In conclusion, these results indicated that quails fed Ca-P-deficient supplemented with 5 µg kg-1 of 1α-OH-D3 in combination of 500 FTU kg-1 of phytase were able to achieve the same tibia ash and Ca compared with quails fed Ca-P-adequate.

Effect of The Phytase Enzyme Addition in The Artificial Feed on Digestibility of Feed, Feed Conversion Ratio and Growth of Gift Tilapia Saline Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) Nursery Stadia I

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding the phytase enzyme in the artificial feed on digestibility of feed, feed conversion ratio and growth of gift tilapia saline fish (Oreochromis niloticus) nursery stadia I. The fish samples in this study used gift tilapia saline fish (O. niloticus) with an average weight of 0,62 ± 0,008 g/fish and the stocking density of 1 fish1 L. Experimental method used in this study was completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments were by adding phytase enzyme in artificial feed with the different level of doses those were A (0 FTU kg1 feed), B (500 FTU kg1 feed), C (1000 FTU kg1 feed) and D (1500 FTU kg1 feed). The results show that the addition of phytase enzyme was significantly (P<0.01) affected on apparent digestibility coefficient of protein (ADCP), apparent digestibility coefficient of Phospor (ADCF), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and relative growth rate (RGR), on the other hand it insignificantly (P>0.05) affected on Survival Rate (SR) of gift tilapia saline fish. The optimum doses of phytase enzyme on RGR, FCR, PER, ADCP and ADCF of gift tilapia saline fish ranged from 1060 to 1100 FTU kg-1 feed.

The Effect of Dietary Phytase Supplementation on Digestibility and Growth of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer

The purpose of this research is to evaluate Asian sea bass digestibility and growth fed with phytase dietary supplementation on soybean based fish diet. The initial weight of fish was 4.99±0.2 g with stocking density of 20 fishes per tanks reared in 80 L tank of sea water for 6 weeks. Completely Randomized Design of 50% soybean meal with phytase supplementation of 0; 500; 1,000; and 1,500 FTU kg-1 and three replication was used in this trial. Chromium oxide (Cr2O3) was used as digestibility indicator. Multivariate anova and One way anova (SPSS); linear regression (Microsoft Excel) and polynomial orthogonal (Microsoft Excel and Maple) was used to analyze the data. The results of Multivariate anova showed that phytase supplementation affect total digestibility (KCT) and relative growth rate (RGR) of asian seabass significantly (P&lt;0.01) with phytase dose 1,000 FTU. One way anova also indicated that phytase 1,000 FTU significantly affect all parameters. Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) phosphorus had a very significant and dominant effect to total digestibility with R2 = 0.9669 than ADC protein and ADC fat (linear regression). KCT significantly affects efficiency of dietary protein (EPP) 30.57% and protein efficiency ratio (PER) 0.67%. EPP and PER significantly effect RGR 1.56% day-1, simultaneously. The optimal dose of phytase supplementation is 1,220 FTU.

Use of phytase at graded levels for improving nutrient digestibility, growth and hematology of Catla catla fingerlings fed Moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) based diet

Present research work was conducted to evaluate the effect of phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and hematological indices of Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings fed Moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) based diet. Existence of phytate in plant byproducts decreases the bioavailability of nutrients to fish, resulting in low nutrients availability, poor fish growth and hematological indices in fish body. Moringa byproducts such as M. oleifera seed meal (MOSM) was used as test ingredient to formulate experimental diet. Experimental diet was divided into six test diets and were supplemented with graded levels (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 FTU kg-1) of phytase. The fingerlings were fed at the rate of 4% of live wet weight twice a day in V-shaped indoor tanks. Phytase supplementation showed significant (p&lt;0.05) improvement in bioavailability of nutrients, growth indices and hematological parameters. Results showed that maximum growth performance, digestibility of nutrients and improved hematological values of C. catla fingerlings were noted at 900 FTU kg-1 level of phytase supplementation in MOSM based test diet. It was concluded that phytase supplementation at 900 FTU kg-1 level was helpful to develop an eco friendly and cost effective fish feed incorparating moringa seed meal.

&lt;b&gt;Phytase in diets with crude protein levels for commercial layers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of the phytase enzyme in diets formulated with variations in the crude protein content on performance and egg quality of commercial layers. A total of 336 commercial layers were housed at eight birds per cage in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with seven replicates. Treatments consisted of four crude-protein levels (17, 15, and 13%) and two enzyme levels (0 and 500 FTU kg-1 diet), distributed in a completely randomized design. Feed intake, egg production, feed conversion per dozen eggs and per kilogram, egg weight and mass, specific gravity, eggshell thickness, and Haugh unit were measured over five 28-day periods. The performance of commercial layers fed the diet containing 13% crude protein worsened, irrespective of phytase addition. However, at 15% crude protein, phytase inclusion did not affect feed conversion or egg weight. Inclusion of phytase leads to equal egg-quality and performance results at the dietary crude protein levels of 17 and 15%. The crude protein content of 13%, with or without phytase, is not recommended for the diet of brown-egg layers.

Efficacy of phytase supplementation in improving mineral digestibility in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on canola meal-based diets

A feeding trial of ten weeks was conducted to evaluate the effect of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral digestibility in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on canola meal-based diets. The experiment consisted of a reference diet and a basal diet. The reference diet was prepared according to the requirements of L. rohita and was used as a standard diet. The basal diet was made by replacing 30% reference diet with canola meal which was used as the test ingredient in this experiment. Seven test diets were prepared by spraying graded levels (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 FTU kg-1) of phytase on canola meal-based basal diet to assess the optimal dose required to achieve best performance in terms of mineral digestibility coefficients. Chromic oxide was incorporated as an indigestible marker in the diets. Phytase supplementation significantly increased mineral digestibility in L. rohita fingerlings at 750 FTU kg-1 followed by that at 1000 FTU kg-1 as compared to the reference diet. The results of our study suggested that phytase supplementation in canola meal-based diet at the rate of 750 FTU kg-1 is optimum to release sufficient chelated minerals in L. rohita.

Effect of dietary available phosphorus and phytase on production performance of old laying hens and tibia bone quality

Background: Old laying hens are more prone to dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) deficiencies as they absorb Ca and P less efficiently than younger hens. OBJECTIVES: In a 2×2 factorial design, the influence of diets with two levels of available phosphorus (AP) and phytase enzyme on the laying performance, egg quality and tibia bone characteristics of laying hens at their late 2nd production phase was studied. METHODS: The experiment used four treatments of 20 Hy-Line W36 hens of 140 weeks old. Treatments 1 and 2 received a 3.5 g kg-1 AP diet while Treatments 3 and 4 received a 2.5 g kg-1 AP diet for 12 weeks. Treatments 2 and 4 received 250 FTU kg-1 phytase in their diet. Laying performance, egg weight, shell weight and shell thickness were measured. On the last day of the experiment, all birds were weighed and blood samples were collected for serum Ca and P measurements. Ten birds from each treatment were sacrificed and both tibiae were excised, defatted, weighed and ashed for Ca and P contents, cortical thickness and bone breaking strength measurements. RESULTS: Hens fed with 2.5 g kg-1 AP diet without enzyme had the lowest body weight gain, serum P, tibia cortical thickness and tibia breaking strength among the treatments (p<0.05). Phytase enhanced body weight gain, egg shell thickness, serum P, tibia weight/body weight and tibia ash/body weight ratios, tibia cortical thickness and breaking strength, particularly in birds receiving 2.5 g kg-1 AP diet (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Phytase may improve bone quality and strength of hens in the late 2nd laying period.

Níveis de fitase sobre o desempenho, parâmetros ósseos e bioquímicos de suínos alimentados com ração de origem vegetal sem inclusão de fosfato bicálcico

Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os níveis de fitase em rações para suínos em crescimento selecionados para deposição de carne. Foram utilizados 64 suínos mestiços (32 machos castrados e 32 fêmeas), híbridos comerciais, com peso médio inicial de 23,311±2,254 kg, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos, oito repetições e dois animais (um macho e uma fêmea) por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por uma ração controle de origem vegetal, sem inclusão de fosfato bicálcico e fitase, contendo 0,100% de fósforo disponível; e de outras três rações obtidas pela inclusão de 300, 600 e 1200 unidades de fitase (UFT kg-1) à ração controle. Os níveis de fitase influenciaram de forma linear o ganho de peso diário e consumo de ração, aumentando até o nível de 293 e 307 UFT kg-1 de ração, respectivamente, a partir do qual permaneceram em um platô. A conversão alimentar diminuiu até 255 UFT kg-1 de ração, a qual permaneceu em um platô. Os níveis de fitase não influenciaram os teores de cinzas e fósforo no metacarpo dos animais. Houve efeito linear decrescente dos tratamentos sobre o resultado bioquímico de fosfatase alcalina. Os melhores resultados de ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar foram obtidos, respectivamente, com os níveis de 293, 307 e 255 UFT kg-1 de ração, em suínos de alto potencial genético para deposição de carne na fase dos 55 aos 90 dias de idade.

Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed on soybean meal-based diet supplemented by phytase

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of phytase supplemented soybean meal based diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. Presence of phytic acid in plant ingredients reduces the bioavailability of nutrient to fish as a result reduced fish growth. Reference diet and five test diets were prepared at 30% soybean meal based diet contents to examine the effects of phytase supplementation (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 FTU kg-1) on plant meal-based diet (soybean meal) and nutrient availability for Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. Chromic oxide was added as indigestible marker. Triplicate tanks were used for all treatments. Fingerlings were fed at the rate of 5 % of live wet weight of fish. Water quality parameters such as DO, temperature and pH in every tank were monitored using standard methods. The results from the current work showed that 1000 FTU kg -1 level in soybean meal based test diets increased the nutrient digestibility in C. mrigala as compared to reference diet which resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in growth performance parameters. It is concluded and suggested that the phytase supplemented soybean meal based diet at 1000 FTU kg -1 level is optimum to release sufficient chelated nutrients for C. mrigala fingerlings.

Effects of phytase supplementation on mineral digestibility in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed on sunflower meal-based diets

Present research work was conducted to assess the effects of phytase supplementation on minerals digestibility in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed on sunflower meal based diets supplemented with graded levels (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 FTU kg-1 ) of phytase. Six experimental diets were used including reference diet and five test diets. Reference diet was fed to the fingerlings to provide appropriate nutrients for normal growth. Test diets were consisted of 70% reference diet and 30% test ingredient i.e. sunflower meal. Chromic oxide was added in the feed at 1% concentration as indigestible marker for determination of minerals digestibility. Highest digestibility values (%) of P, Mg, Na, K, Cu and Zn were observed at 1000 FTU kg -1 level of phytase supplementation and these values differed significantly (p<0.05) from the reference diet and other test diets. Hence, it is concluded that phytase supplementation in sunflower meal based diets at 1000 FTU kg -1 level is enough to release sufficient chelated minerals to improve overall performance of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings.

Increasing levels of phytase in diets formulated with reduced available phosphorus content supplied to male and female broilers

The reduction of the available phosphorus (avP) content in the broiler diet must be followed by the supplementation of adequate phytase. One experiment was conducted with broilers from 15 to 28 days of age to determine the level of necessary phytase when the mashed diet is formulated with 0.213% of avP to enable the results of performance, tibia ash content, and calcium (Ca) utilization similar to those determined for birds fed with diet formulated to meet their nutritional requirements. Thus, 120 broilers were distributed in (4+1) x2 factorial arrangement corresponding to four deficient diets in avP (0.213%) supplemented with phytase (0; 750; 1,500 or 2,250FTU kg-1) plus one positive control diet without phytase (0.426% of avP), supplied to male and female broilers. Males showed better performance and higher totalP retention. Decrease in the avP content of the diet without phytase use worsened the performance, tibia ash content, and Ca retention; however, these parameters were improved gradually with the increase of the phytase level in the diet. Regardless of sex, using 2,250FTU kg-1, it is possible to reduce the avP to 0.213% without impairing performance, tibia ash content, and Ca retention; in addition to reducing the totalP excretion in 56.75% and improving its utilization in 38.58%.

Influence of Phytase on Tibia Bone Characteristics of Broiler Quail Fed on Corn-Soybean Meal Diets

BACKGROUND: Exogenous phytase enhances the utilization of plant phytate phosphorus in poultry. OBJECTIVES: In the present study the effects of exogenous phytase was investigated on tibia bone characteristics of white quail. METHODS: In a 2x2 factorial arrangement, eighty, 11-day old unsexed chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments of 20 replicates. All birds received one of four experimental diets with two levels of aP (5.2 or 3.9 g kg-1) and two levels of phytase (0 or 500 FTU kg-1). On day 25, all birds were weighed, sacrificed, and blood samples were obtained for the determination of blood phosphorus. Both tibiae were excised for the determination of ash, calcium and phosphorus content, bone length and thickness, and breaking strength. RESULTS: Birds which had received lower aP diets showed lower levels of blood phosphorus as well as tibia bone weight, ash, calcium, phosphorus, bone thickness and strength when compared with the higher aP fed birds. CONCLUSIONS: Adding phytase to the lower aP diet was able to restore the above-mentioned variables. Phytase increases rigidity and strength of tibia by enhancing the availability of phytate phosphorus to the quail. This is important, particularly when the bird is grown for flight and hunting.

Métodos de incorporação da enzima fitase em rações para poedeiras

Objetivou-se com o estudo avaliar duas metodologias de incorporação da enzima fitase comparando-as a uma dieta basal e ao método de aumentar a suplementação de Fósforo inorgânico na dieta, em busca de uma forma mais eficaz de atenuar o fator antinutricional ácido fítico. Foram observadas características de desempenho de poedeiras Isa Brown, durante 63 dias de período experimental. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições de seis aves. As aves foram submetidas aos tratamentos (dietas): dieta basal (DB), dieta com farelo de arroz desengordurado tratado com fitase (FADFI), método tradicional de incorporação de fitase na dieta sem tratamento prévio do farelo de arroz desengordurado com fitase (MTFI) e dieta com farelo de arroz desengordurado e sem fitase (SEMFI). Os métodos de incorporação da fitase nas rações não influenciaram significativamente (P&gt;0,05) o desempenho das aves, ambos equivalendo-se à dieta basal. O tratamento prévio do farelo de arroz desengordurado com fitase a nível de 300 FTU kg-1 é eficiente, ou seja, tratar somente um ingrediente da dieta com fitase permite incoporar uma quantidade menor de fitase, mantendo bom desempenho. Portanto, os métodos que envolveram fitase, independentemente da metodologia de incorporação, são indicados na alimentação de poedeiras.

Thermo-stable Escherichia coli phytase improves growth performance and nutrient utilization in broilers fed mash and pelleted corn-soybean-meal-based diets

The bio-efficacy of Escherichia coli-derived phytase produced by thermo-protective coating technology (coated phytase) was evaluated in mash or pelleted broiler diets. Three hundred and twenty-four broilers were divided into 54 groups of six birds and fed nine corn-based diets (six replicates per diet) from 1 to 22 d of age. The nine diets were a positive control (PC) (calcium, 0.9% and non-phytate phosphorus, 0.45%) fed as mash plus 2 × 4 factorial of a negative control (calcium, 0.78% and non-phytate phosphorus, 0.26%) fed as mash (NC-M) or pellet (NC-P) and with coated phytase at 0, 500, 600 or 700 FTU kg-1. The diets were pelleted at 80°C, and pressure load of 40 psi. Body weight gain (BWG) for the PC diet was higher (P &lt; 0.001) than that for the NC-M or NC-P diet. The BWG and tibia ash were linearly increased (P &lt; 0.001) by increased level of the phytase in NC-M or NC-P diet. The BWG for NC-M or NC-P diet reached that of the PC diet when phytase was supplemented at 600 or 700 FTU kg-1. In conclusion, the coated phytase improved nutrient utilization in broilers, and its bio-efficacy was unaffected by the pelleting process.