FTTH Networks Research Articles

Research and Implementation of Key Technologies in FTTH Networks Combining

Starting from the research of RFoG optical network technology and combining with the development of PON network, this paper puts forward a kind of integrated optical network structure, which can multiply the access bandwidth; furthermore, it analyzes the key technologies such as optical devices and integrated terminal equipment, and provides a technical scheme for upgrading the network.

Optical Code Division Multiple Access for FTTH system

Many multiple access techniques have been proposed and demonstrated to provide flexible solutions for FTTH network configurations. The performance of this system suffers because of the correlation properties that contribute to a high level of Multiple Access Interference (MAI), low system capacity (users), and lower transmission rate. In this paper, we have proposed Optical CDMA (OCDMA) as a configuration solution for FTTH networks to improve the performance of this type of network. Full Text: PDF References. Z. Mateusz, M. Mariusz, On cost of the uniformity in FTTH network design, Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (2017), 87-90 CrossRef CEDRIC F. LAM, Passive Optical Networks- Principles and Practice, first ed., British Library, USA, 2007. DirectLink M.K. Abdullah, W.T. P'ng, P.W. Lau, E.R. Tee, FTTH access network protection using a switch, Asia Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), 3(2003) 1219–1222. CrossRef J. Ronnakorn, S. Napat, L. Somkiat, Design and implement of GPON-FTTH network for residential condominium, Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, (2017), 333-339. CrossRef M. BOUREGAA, M. CHIKH-BLED, Comparative Study of Optical Unipolar Codes for Incoherent DS-OCDMA system, International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, 6 (2013) 225-236. CrossRef M. BOUREGAA, M. CHIKH-BLED, The performance of a DS-OCDMA system using Orthogonal Optical Codes (OOC), European Scientific Journal, 9 (2013), 322-335 CrossRef M. Iwase, Y. Ishikawa, T. Komatsu, J. Kasahara, N. Hattori, M. Miura, N. Nakamura, K. Odaka, Optical transceiver modules for gigabit Ethernet PON FTTH systems, Furukawa Review, 28 (2005) 8-10. DirectLink

Feasibility Study of Fiber to the Home Networks for Optical Fiber Loss and Attenuation

The utilization of optical fiber cable as a data transmission medium has provided various benefits and advantages in terms of data transfer and economically because it can reduce the use of many copper cables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of Fiber To The Home (FFTH) networks by measuring and analyzing power losses caused by attenuation along the fiber optic cable. Measuring tools for attenuation use JDSU MTS-8000 while the power measurement uses Optical Power Meter. Feasibility specifications refer to ITU-T G.984. recommendations. The analysis results show that of the 110 customers observed, the average value of Link Power Budget is 20.58 dB, with an average power margin of 5.57dBm. If comparing the results of the ITU-T G.984 recommendation, it stated that was accepted, still in accordance with the rules specifications. Feasibility studies of FTTH networks on the issue of power loss and attenuation are needed in an effort to maintain the quality of service to customers. It also has a relationship with planning and developing system installations in the future.

Broadband Network Fiber to the Home (FttH) Design for Improving Performance of Information and Telecommunication Network in Riau University

Increased demand for information and telecommunications at the University of Riau demanding reliable carrier network availability. Copper cable network that now exists less support for multimedia network performance. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new access networks. One alternative is to implement fiber optic technology Fiber to the Home (FttH). This research design a FttH network for information access needs on the campus site, located in Panam, Pekanbaru. The results show the needs of Optical Network Terminal (ONT) as many as 209 units and 34 units of Optical Distribution Point (ODP), using passive splitter 1: 8 type of wall. Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) 1 unit to serve all the region in UR with a capacity of 24 core, using ODC 144 type. Calculation of the sample data taken, showing the speed of each customer in the Engineering Faculty using FttH is approximately 3 Mbps. Link Budget Calculations indicate that power received by each faculty on average -23.17 dB, it can be concluded FttH network design is feasible and appropriate ethical standards that have been determined shall not exceed -28 dB. Attenuation of each faculty obtained the average value of -21.17 dB.

Long Reach and High Capacity Hybrid Passive Optical Network

<p>A number of applications are growing day by day and so the traffic. The need for bandwidth is also increasing at a rapid rate. The bandwidth and speed with which data can be transferred was very less when compared to core networks. The access network which was once a bottleneck is no longer so because of use of optic fiber (FTTH networks). A number of variants of Passive Optical Network (PON) have been proposed like the WDM PON and the Hybrid PON. Hybrid PON is a combination of TDM PON and WDM PON and is advantageous over WDMPON. This paper focuses on high capacity networks that can provide high data rate and long reach in the access part of the network. NRZ modulation format is normally used for transmission. We consider the advantages provided by the advanced modulation formats like DPSK. This modulation format is used to here and its benefits are evaluated in Hybrid PON network to increase the capacity and the reach of the network. Parameters like the BER and the Q factors are analysed using Optisystem Software. Distortion and the phenomena of dispersion can limit the performance of such a system. Hence Dispersion compensation mechanisms like the Dispersion Compensation Fiber (DCF) are used in the system to transmit data over large distance.</p>

Fiber to the Countryside: A Comparison of Public and Community Initiatives in the UK

Smart farming, e-health and e-commerce are just some of the multiple opportunities that digitisation offers to rural communities and businesses. Their ability though to participate in the digital economy is often compromised by a lack of high-speed connectivity. Despite the numerous initiatives launched over the years to promote broadband diffusion, such as BTOP in the US and BDUK in the UK, a large proportion of the rural population in the United States and the European Union (EU) are still unable to connect to fiber and 4G networks. As new measures in support of rural broadband have recently been announced by the US government and the EU, further research is needed to understand what business models and public policies are most likely to close the digital divide in rural areas. The evaluation of past initiatives can provide useful insights to enhance the effectiveness of future interventions. Drawing on research presented by Shaffer and Strover et al. at TPRC 2017, this paper further explores how community-led and public initiatives can contribute to promoting the adoption of broadband. Our analysis focuses on two projects deploying fixed broadband networks in the rural United Kingdom: Broadband for the Rural North (B4RN) and Connecting Cumbria. The former is a cooperative fiber-to-the-home network financed and built by local residents in the Northwest of England, while the latter is a public-private partnership between British Telecom and Cumbria County Council, providing fiber broadband in areas excluded from commercial deployments. These case studies exemplify how the combination of top-down and bottom-up initiatives enabled the UK to expand the coverage of superfast broadband (defined in the UK as being a download speed of at least 30 Mbit/s) from 22% to 66% of the rural premises between 2014 and 2017. Based on participant observation and interviews with multiple stakeholders, this paper explores the business models adopted by these initiatives and compares their outcomes in terms of broadband coverage and adoption. Despite achieving its coverage goals, Connecting Cumbria did not fully meet the expectations of rural communities, still unsatisfied with the speed available or even unable to access fast broadband. Some villages decided to join B4RN and subsequently leveraged their own skills and financial resources to build a community FTTH network covering every premise. In both cases, the management of expectations and the engagement with broadband users emerged as key success factors. These case studies offer unique insights into the performance of community-led initiatives and public-private partnerships, thereby contributing to the ongoing research and policy debate on the role of local communities and public authorities in broadband markets. By analysing the interplay between public sector, private suppliers and local communities, this research also provides useful recommendations for policymakers and practitioners dealing with the rollout of rural broadband. Furthermore, it contributes to the ongoing research on the adoption of innovation in peripheral areas, by exploring how digital skills develop and disseminate in rural communities.

Design of fiber cable tree FTTH networks

This paper introduces the problem of backfeed fiber cables network design. It considers cable separation operations and costs as well as a non-linear cable line cost, and the feedback technique. An integer programming based solution is proposed, and some associated valid inequalities are introduced. The problem is proven to be NP-Hard. The formulation is assessed on real-life instances.

Сети FTTH и кабельные операторы

Сети FTTH и кабельные операторы

CUSTOMER ACCESS NETWORKING ON THE BASIS OF ETHERNET FTTH, PON TECHNOLOGIES

Nowadays, one of the trends of information and communication networks development is the provision within the shortest time of a larger number of telecommunication services to network users. Currently, connection of subscribers to xDSL communication channels provided by public switched telephone networks (PSTN) is widespread. Providers of classic telephony make active use of these networks due to the low cost of the connection of a subscriber. An obvious disadvantage of this connection type is the limited data transfer rate. Some Internet providers rapidly develop ETTH (Ethernet To The Home) networks. The advantage of ETTH networks is the targeting of the delivery of communication services to subscribers. One of the disadvantages is the operation of a network at the Ethernet level with all typical for this protocol features. The practice of optical networking has existed for many years; however, the basic approach to optical networking is based on the use of active equipment from the access node to users. PON-based (Passive Optical Network) FTTH architecture (Fiber To The Home) is as a rule, compatible with the Ethernet Protocol. The article shows the advantages of the deployment of PON-based FTTH networks, in particular, saving of fiber-optic lines in the area from the optical splitters to the Central telephone exchange or access point by using relevant ports. The article provides the description of access networks architecture applying Ethernet FTTH and PON technologies, and also discusses the prospects for further development of the above mentioned networks.

Cardinality enhancement utilizing Sequential Algorithm (SeQ) code in OCDMA system

Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) has been important with increasing demand for high capacity and speed for communication in optical networks because of OCDMA technique high efficiency that can be achieved, hence fibre bandwidth is fully used. In this paper we will focus on Sequential Algorithm (SeQ) code with AND detection technique using Optisystem design tool. The result revealed SeQ code capable to eliminate Multiple Access Interference (MAI) and improve Bit Error Rate (BER), Phase Induced Intensity Noise (PIIN) and orthogonally between users in the system. From the results, SeQ shows good performance of BER and capable to accommodate 190 numbers of simultaneous users contrast with existing code. Thus, SeQ code have enhanced the system about 36% and 111% of FCC and DCS code. In addition, SeQ have good BER performance 10-25 at 155 Mbps in comparison with 622 Mbps, 1 Gbps and 2 Gbps bit rate. From the plot graph, 155 Mbps bit rate is suitable enough speed for FTTH and LAN networks. Resolution can be made based on the superior performance of SeQ code. Thus, these codes will give an opportunity in OCDMA system for better quality of service in an optical access network for future generation's usage

Performance Evaluation of a Novel Optimization Sequential Algorithm (SeQ) Code for FTTH Network

The SeQ codes has advantages, such as variable cross-correlation property at any given number of users and weights, as well as effectively suppressed the impacts of phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) and multiple access interference (MAI) cancellation property. The result revealed, at system performance analysis of BER = 10 -09 , the SeQ code capable to achieved 1 Gbps up to 60 km.

Cost assessment of FTTdp networks with G.fast

FTTdp networks using G.fast can complement the rollout of FTTH, especially in regions where the deployment of fiber inside the building is difficult. This article analyzes the main cost components of FTTdp networks with G.fast and the cost differences that can be achieved in comparison to FTTH networks. The two metrics employed in the article, the cost per home passed and the cost per home connected, were applied to six different geotypes that range from dense urban to rural scenarios. The results show that the cost per home passed of an FTTdp network with the distribution point located in the street is lower than the cost of FTTH. The cost per home connected for FTTdp is lower than that of FTTH for all of the scenarios studied. The cost reduction rates achieved by FTTdp networks are higher when employing a brownfield deployment scheme than when employing a greenfield deployment scheme.

Performance Enhancement of WDM-PON FTTH Network by Using Decision Feedback and Feed forward Equalizations

Performance Enhancement of WDM-PON FTTH Network by Using Decision Feedback and Feed forward Equalizations

Profitable areas in large-scale FTTH network optimization

We present an optimization platform for Fiber-to-the-Home network design. The platform is capable of minimizing the capital expenditures (CAPEX) of network deployment by optimizing locations of optical equipment, signal splitters and cable cabinets, optimizing cable routes and types of cables as well as the number and types of optical cards and splitters. We present the architecture of the platform, the design process it implements, and the algorithms it deploys. The platform is used to indicate the parts of the design process that require complex optimization with dedicated algorithms and those that can be left to appropriately crafted engineering rules. We indicate that while keeping the computation time acceptable, much of the CAPEX savings can be obtained when locations of optical equipment are thoroughly optimized, cable routes are determined with plain engineering rules, and finally, signal splitting patterns are optimized carefully to lower the fiber count and thus the cost of cables.

State Aid, Open Access and Market Size: Two Cases of FTTH Network Implementation in Dutch Municipalities

The discussion on the EU regulatory framework of 2003 in particular on emerging markets provides for a new dynamic approach towards investment in next generation broadband infrastructure in municipalities. By using the criterion of non-replicable assets, FTTH networks in local municipalities can be characterized as a new infrastructure which is aimed at providing new services which should be exempted from ex ante regulation. However, to justify public investment in these networks in particular in ‘black areas" their compatibility with Article 87 of the EC Treaty has to be guaranteed. In this context, the paper uses the examples of two FTTH networks in local communities in the Netherlands to show that (different) open access agreements are vital but not sufficient to guarantee service competition. We show that for small networks public investment in the start up phase of the network is required to facilitate a multiple supplier environment. Keywords EU Regulatory Framework, State Aid, FTTH Networks in Municipalities, Active Costing, The Netherlands

High reliability solid refractive index matching materials for field installable connections in FTTH network

We performed environmental and accelerated aging tests to ensure the long-term reliability of solid type refractive index matching material at a splice point. Stable optical characteristics were confirmed in environmental tests based on an IEC standard. In an accelerated aging test at 140°C, which is very much higher than the specification test temperature, the index matching material itself and spliced fibers passing through it had steady optical characteristics. Then we performed an accelerated aging test on an index matching material attached to a built-in fiber before splicing it in the worst condition, which is different from the normal use configuration. As a result, we confirmed that the repeated insertion and removal of fiber for splicing resulted in failure. We consider that the repetition of adhesion between index matching material and fibers causes the splice to degrade. With this result, we used the Arrhenius model to estimate a median lifetime of about 68years in a high temperature environment of 60°C. Thus solid type index matching material at a splice point is highly reliable over long periods under normal conditions of use.

Demonstration and field trial of a resilient hybrid NG-PON test-bed

A multi-layer next generation PON prototype has been built and tested, to show the feasibility of extended hybrid DWDM/TDM-XGPON FTTH networks with resilient optically-integrated ring-trees architecture, supporting broadband multimedia services. It constitutes a transparent common platform for the coexistence of multiple operators sharing the optical infrastructure of the central metro ring, passively combining the access and the metropolitan network sections. It features 32 wavelength connections at 10Gbps, up to 1000 users distributed in 16 independent resilient sub-PONs over 100km. This paper summarizes the network operation, demonstration and field trial results.

Design and Implementation of a Fiber to the Home FTTH Access Network based on GPON

This paper presents a step by step design and field implementation of a protected GPON FTTH access network serving 1000 users. The basic components of the network are presented and the contribution of each component to the architecture of the FTTH network is addressed. The design incorporates Class B protection, to provide redundancy in the feeder and GPON port, the practical implementation of a protected FTTH network is highly emphasized. Indexing terms/

Bringing Municipal High-Speed Internet Access to Leverett, Massachusetts

This report provides a detailed account of the development of LeverettNet, Leverett, Massachusetts’ municipal fiber optic network. (Exhibit A is a list of interviewees.) It includes information about the extensive planning and outreach activities carried out by Leverett from 2011 through 2013, as well as details of the technical and operational characteristics of LeverettNet. Leverett has been successful in mobilizing support for LeverettNet, and the network is being built on schedule with full deployment planned for 2014. Our hope is that this report will be helpful to other cities that are considering launching fiber optic networks.Key Findings• LeverettNet is a last-mile fiber to the home network that will be operated by a publicly controlled Municipal Light Plant entity. The MLP will operate independently of Leverett's political infrastructure, but will be required by state law to charge subscribers no more than the cost of providing service. • The network will connect every household in a sparsely populated small town in Western Massachusetts that is currently underserved by private Internet access providers. Although every residence and business will be linked to LeverettNet, individual homeowners will have the discretion to decide whether to subscribe.• LeverettNet was planned to take advantage of MassBroadband 123, a publicly funded fiber network recently built to connect towns (but not individual homes and businesses) in Massachusetts. (Exhibit B is a map showing the progress of the MassBroadband 123, as of February 2013.)• Long-term leadership, planning, and community engagement by Leverett's public officials prompted the citizens of Leverett to approve a modest property tax increase in return for the long-term benefits of a FTTH network.• Although LeverettNet has opted for a tiered set of access plans, had it decided to deliver 1Gbps to every home and business in Leverett the cost of service to subscribers — including Internet access and phone service, state and local taxes, access fees, network operation fees, and maintenance fees — would have been $61.30 per household per month.

Improvement of the bit error rate of a non-coherent OCDMA system for FTTH network applications

In this paper, an optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system was analysed to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance at 10 Gbps. The improvements to this system were based on a modified double weight code and a NAND subtraction technique and aimed to support the large number of active users in the fibre-to-the-home network. The system performance was investigated through extensive theoretical and numerical simulation analyses. The theoretical and simulation results revealed that the new detection technique exhibits improved BER performance compared to conventional techniques, such as complimentary subtraction techniques. The system performance was characterised by the signal-to-noise ratio, the bit error rate (BER), and various transmit powers (\(P_{sr} - 10\) dBm). The results show that the proposed system, which is based on a new detection technique, can achieve the optimal BER with a high number of users and maintains the error floor transmission rate \((\le 10^{-9})\).