FTTH Networks Research Articles

LoRA Gateway Coverage and Capacity Analysis for Supporting Monitoring Passive Infrastructure Fiber Optic in Urban Area

In the era of digital transformation, telecommunications infrastructure has become the backbone of global connectivity. Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) is a crucial part of an optical network that distributes signals to various points in the network. Maintenance and monitoring of ODCs have become essential to ensure optimal availability and performance. However, conventional approaches are often expensive and difficult to implement. The objective of this study is to develop a LoRaWAN network with the purpose of determining the required number of gateways. Additionally, the research aims to devise an IoT-basedODC device monitoring system within the FTTH network, utilizing data from PT. Telkom Witel Bandung. The approach involves employing simulation techniques through the Atoll apps v 3.40. Multiple calculation stages are applied to expect RSSI and SINR parameters within an area spanning 188.96 km². The study employs a frequency of 920 MHz, a bandwidth of 125 kHz, and a spreading factor of 10. The data analysis includes RSSI and SINR signals. As a result of calculations and planning simulations, this study recommended the use of nine gateways and achieved an RSSI parameter of -70. 35 dBm and a SINR parameter of 17. 33 dBm.

Analisa Performansi menggunakan Metode Power Link Budget pada Jaringan FTTH Perumahan Balikpapan Regency Cluster Castaric

According to research conducted by Telkom, Telkom has experienced the addition of Indihome users up to 1.01 million users. So the total number of Indihome subscribers reached 8.02 million. The increasing demand for Indihome subscriptions and also the farther the customer's location will be to reach, the longer the Fiber Optic cable used, it is necessary to do a network analysis in that area in order to determine the performance of the fiber optic network to the customer's residence. Furthermore, it is necessary to do a network analysis in that area in order to know the performance of the fiber optic network to the customer's residence. The analysis was carried out after processing the data using the method. The calculation method used is the power link budget. The power link budget determines the distance and number of connections that affect the attenuation of the indihome fiber optic network in the Balikpapan Regency Cluster Castarica Housing Complex. And the conclusion obtained is that the FTTH network in Balikpapan Regency Cluster Castarica can be categorized as feasible for the maximum total attenuation on the network of 27.92009 dB and the customer's farthest distance from OLT/STO is 7.0574 Km which is in accordance with the standard set by ITU-T G.984 as well as the regulations set by PT. Telkom

PERANCANGAN JARINGAN FIBER TO THE HOME (FTTH) MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI GIGABIT PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK (GPON)

The development of technology that we use today is increasingly developing, especially in the world of telecommunications. Rapid changes in telecommunications networks are also driven by users' need to stay connected anytime and anywhere. Various new application features such as multimedia services, video conferencing, online games and internet services require larger bandwidth at high speeds. The aim of this research is to understand the basic concepts of Fiber To The Home network design, to obtain a Fiber To The Home access network design based on the location of device placement in the FTTH network design, to analyze the Link Power Budget parameters as a sign of the feasibility of the FTTH network design results, and to find out implementation of Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON). The data collection methods used are literature methods, observation methods, and analysis techniques. The results of the research, the basic concept of Fiber To The Home network design is easy for users to understand, the location of device placement in the FTTH network design can be obtained based on the Fiber To The Home access network design, the Link Power Budget parameter as a sign of the feasibility of the FTTH network design results can be used as an analysis reference, and Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) can be applied to FTTH network design.

Upscaling Customer Access Network Using Spectrum Conversion–Slicing–Duplication Technique

The purpose of this study is to increase the number of access users without having to install a new optical cable. With the proposed solution, the cost of installation work can be reduced and the number of users can be increased. Several parameters were observed to ensure that the modified network not only improved the scalability but also met the standard parameters. Among the parameters observed are the Q factor, bit error rate (BER), eye diagram and number of users. The study was continued using the spectrum conversion, slicing and duplication technique, where the signals would be duplicated in arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and sliced using a demultiplexer WDM (WDM Demux). Simulations were performed using the latest-version Optisystem 18.0 software by setting the transmitter frequency value of 1491 nm, transmitter power of 0 dBm and loss of 0 dB. The result shows the total user access achieved is 196,608 users. Meanwhile, the common FTTH network is allowed 256 users only. The criterion is set based on the calculation of the Q factor, which is greater than 6, while the BER is less than 1 × 10−9. The Q factor for 196,608 users is 6.43617 and the BER is 4.52 × 10−11. The number of users is increased without compromising the quality of data offered to the customer. Our solution is the first reported to date.

LORAWAN GATEWAY PLANNING USING AS923-2 FREQUENCY IN TASIKMALAYA FOR MONITORING ODC

This study aims to design a LoRaWAN network and find out how many gateways are needed to cover the research area and to design an IoT-based monitoring system for ODC devices on the FTTH network based on data at PT. Telkom Witel Tasikmalaya. The method used is a simulation using Atoll software version 3.40 and several calculation stages to predict the parameters of RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) and SINR (Signal to Interference Noise Ratio) in a planning area of ​​358.66 km2. This study using AS923 frequency with a bandwidth of 125 kHz and a Spreading factor of 10. The results obtained are signal strength (RSSI) and signal quality (SINR) parameters. Based on the results of calculations and planning simulations, it produces 20 gateways using SF 10 with an RSSI parameter of -69.53 dBm and a SINR parameter of 20.21 dBm, each gateway can cover 4-5 km2 in the planning area.

Technical–economic analysis to identify the acceptable maximum attenuation on PON FTTH lines for wholesale network operators

Telecommunications companies are constantly chasing continuous technological advances with their management methods of Operations & Maintenance (O&M) that still struggle to turn their eye toward innovation and simplification of processes. In a future that aims at fully fiber-optic networks, the objective of the research is to propose guidelines and provide data to support the Wholesale Operator for the definition of the acceptable attenuation threshold on the Passive Optical Network Fiber-To-The-Home (PON FTTH) infrastructure to determine the Service Level Agreements (SLA) to be contracted with Retail Operators. Following exceeding the threshold, the Retail Operator has the right to open a Trouble Ticket to request the resolution of the anomaly. Consequently, the definition of the attenuation threshold strongly affects the number of Trouble Tickets to be managed and the related costs the Wholesale Operator bears. This paper analyzes a specific case of the PON FTTH network of the Italian wholesale operator Open Fiber. The studied infrastructure, with a length of 11 km, allows a maximum attenuation of 37 dB without degrading the service. An economic model has been proposed to assess the cost impact of moving the attenuation threshold in the SLA.

Analysis with gain and power for better coverage of FTTH network using WDM-PON architecture

Analysis with gain and power for better coverage of FTTH network using WDM-PON architecture

Power of Incentives and Optimal Time of Investment in a Building-Blocks Approach to Regulation of an Open-Access FTTH Network

ABSTRACT New Zealand’s amended Telecommunications Act, 2018 New Regulatory Framework, describes new regulations primarily based on regulation already used in electricity lines, gas pipelines, and airports. This regulatory approach, new to the telecommunications sector and known as the Building Blocks Model (BBM), seeks to determine “price-quality paths” and “information disclosure determinations” based on the condition that the present value of the firm’s allowed revenue is equal to the present value of the firm’s expenditure. This article investigates the impact of the incentive structure on the regulated firm’s investment behavior. More specifically, it models and analyses the incentive structure provided by the implementation of BBM in the wholesale fiber-based broadband market of New Zealand, as well as its effects on the timing of investment.

Design of an FTTH (Fiber To The Home) network for improving voice, broadband, and television services in hard-to-reach areas the Colombian case

This project establishes the process of designing a fiber optic Ftth network that reaches the homes of each end customer, which allows providing voice services, broadband internet, and television, the above using GPON technology, based on the tree architecture through passive elements, where the node or central is connected to other nodes through a common link, which is shared by all the nodes (ONTs) of the network. This network will be designed in two levels, the first level that starts from the OLT to the level one splitter and the second level that begins from the level one splitter to the OTB element that the level two Splitters have. The entire design will be subject to standards that must be met to achieve the percentage of attenuation allowed. At the design level, it has two directions: one from left to right, where the nodes insert traffic, and another from right to left, where the nodes only have two functions: read or read and delete traffic. It is nothing more than the convergence of the primary communication services of today, such as fixed telephony, the internet, and television. The FTTH Network is designed for the Municipality of Usiacurí of the Department of Atlántico, using the Top-Down Design methodology, where the requirements are analyzed, the designs are developed, and the tests are carried out. The operation of this network is monitored.

Next-generation WDM-PON optimized architecture for FTTH network with maximal resources for high throughput

Abstract To achieve high data rate, futuristic wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) has pursued due to capability of multiplexing individual wavelength. This paper illustrates the possibility of different data rates along with distance to solve the challenges for next-generation WDM-PON systems. It is superior to present PON design due to rapid progress in different passive components for access network. In this paper, recent progress such as 20 Gb/s (gigabits per second) to 80 Gbps. WDM-PON technology has been carried out. Due to recent development in PON systems, demonstration of 80 Gbps (10 Gbps per wavelength * 8) based WDM-PON system with simplified and optimized design for last mile is presented. The simulation results have been compared to demonstrate the effect of the results achieved. At last, better quality (Q)-factor of 3.46, low value of BER (bit error rate) i.e., 2.48 × 10−11 with reach of 80 km whereas high value of Q-factor of 22.16, eye height of 4.75 and BER of 3.61 × 10−10 has achieved successfully using WDM-PON system.

Analysis of GPON capacity by hybrid splitting-ratio base on customer segmentation for Indonesian market during the Covid-19 pandemic

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the impact on internet demand is very high throughout the world. In Indonesia, through a survey conducted, broadband users recorded 175 million people or equivalent to 64 % of the population. Based on field observations, the Passive Optical Network (PON) port utility in the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) is presently below 75 %, as opposed to the initial value, which was more than 95 % [1]. Furthermore, it was also found that more than 80 % of IndiHome customers use a maximum bandwidth of 20 Mbps with majority using 10 Mbps, which is very ineffective, especially related to network capacity. Generally, passive Optical Distribution Network (ODN) devices are not optimally used, therefore this research aims to determine the optimization level of the FTTH network by maximizing the available infrastructure capacity. This process was carried out by increasing the associate ratio of 1:32 to 1:64 while taking into account the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) capacity factor and the standard link budget with schemas A, B and C used to obtain adequate efficiency. Scheme A consists of a 1:2 passive splitter in the Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) & 1:32 at the Optical Distribution Point (ODP). Scheme B consists of a 1:4 (ODC) & 1:16 (ODP) passive splitter, while scheme C consists of a 1:8 (ODC) & 1:8 (ODP) passive splitter intended for the use of different customer area types. The result showed an increase in network capacity from 32 to 64 per PON port while taking into account the technical quality of the Link Budget. In conclusion, to ensure this solution functions properly, both simulation and direct measurement tests are carried out using the existing network

Telecom Operator’s Approach to QoE

Telecommunication networks are ever more frequently relying on artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to detect specific use patterns or potential errors and to take automated decisions when these are encountered. This concept requires that methods be employed to measure the level of quality of a given telecommunication service, i.e. to verify quality of service (QoS) metrics. In a broader context, methods assessing the entire user experience (quality of experience – QoE) are required as well. In this article, various approaches to assessing QoS, QoE and the related metrics are presented, with a view to implement these at an FTTH network operator in Poland. Since this article presents the architecture of the system used to analyze QoE performance based on a number of QoS metrics collected by the operator, we also provide a comprehensive introduction to the QoS and QoE metrics used herein.

Perancangan Jaringan Fiber To The Home (FTTH) PT. Telkom Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Witel Makassar di Desa Bontomanai Bulukumba

Fibre Optics is a delivery medium to connect network points to multipoint. FTTH is a service provided to customers to meet internet needs in terms of voice, data and video (triple play) services. PT. Telkom has standards for determining network eligibility, namely Power Link Budget and Rise Time Budget. With a case study in Bontomanai Village, Bulukumba, it is possible to simulate the design of the FTTH network to measure BER (Bit Error Rate) for system performance. From the results of network design calculations that the Power Link Budget, one of which is the attenuation from STO to the customer, is 25.65 dB, where this value is still feasible because it is still in the standard range of PT. Telkom is 13 – 28 dB. The Rise Time Budget parameter obtained based on the analysis is 0.262 ns which has not yet crossed the NRZ degradation limit of 0.28 ns. Simulations have been carried out using Optisystem software to measure BER

Analisis Jaringan Fiber To The Home Berbasis Teknologi Gigabit Passive Optical Network Dan Penghitungan Downstream (Studi Kasus Perumahan Wirosaban Baru)

This paper discuss about FTTH network analysis made by GPON technology and downstream estimation that use fiber optic cable for the media. The aim of analysis is do the installation engage GPON with downstream estimation which the estimation used for network advisability standard. This research make some different range, intend for find out the peformance of closest and farthest distance. According to ITU-T G.984, network feasibility standard is more than -28dB, 10Gbps for the downstream and 2.5 Gbps for upstream. Show the result that distance and power affect to power link budget score and BER.

Real time FTTH network monitoring using binary coded fiber Bragg grating

The rise in users on the Passive Optical Network (PON) has made the architecture of this network increasingly complex with a growing point-to-multi-point (P2MP) network. Thus, network monitoring has become more crucial and should be carried out in order to monitor the transmission of signals to each optical network unit (ONU) and prolonged service can be provided to the users without problems. A monitoring signal using limited bandwidth has been combined with data signals at the optical line terminal (OLT) at the central office to monitor the status of each ONU in the network. This signal has been transmitted along the fiber and will be used to reflect the spectrum of uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG) located before the ONU. FBG binary codes will be used as an indicator between one ONU to another ONUs by varying the wavelength used by the FBGs in the network to represent each ONU. This paper presents two techniques to monitor network health by creating FBG configuration design (FBG codes) to identify fault branches as well as simulation results and performance parameters will be analysed and compared to obtain the best techniques by considering several aspects such as economical and technical.

Budget Estimation Planning Web Based Information System Of Project Network Ftth

The planning process in project work is very important to maintain the quality of results and management of work time. In this study, the authors make a web-based information system application and based on work experience while working at PT.Telkom Akses as administrative staff who handles projects or work related to the construction of the FTTH network by PT.Telkom Indonesia. This information system aims to simplify the work in project planning, especially in making BoQ more accurate and more efficient. The method used by the author is the Lyfe Cycle software development method that uses the waterfall model. Using the laravel 7 framework and php 7 this information system was built and mysql 5 as a server, it is hoped that this information system can be useful and facilitate the work of administrative staff at PT. Telkom Akses

Evaluation Performance of Two-Dimensional Multi-Diagonal Code Using Polarization and Wavelength of OCDMA System

In this paper, a new encoder/decoder technique has employed two orthogonal polarization states (vertical and horizontal) of a two-dimensional optical code, which combined polarization and wavelength scheme (p/w). This technique employed in order to increase the number of users in the FTTH network. In addition, Optical Fiber Systems (OFS) and Free Space Optics (FSO) scenarios were utilized with different Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) codes. The FTTH network based on incoherent SAC-OCDMA is tested by using the One and Two Dimensional Multi-Diagonal (1D-MD, 2D-MD) codes and 1D and 2D Zero Cross Correlation (ZCC) codes. The results show that the number of the total supported homes for the 2D codes is doubled as a comparison with 1D codes. As well as, the simulation results show the performance of MD code is better presented than ZCC in both OFS and FSO scenarios

Technical Research on High Performance Fully Compatible FMC Fast Connector

With the rapid development of the optical communication industry, the implementation of national policies, the increase of broadband access fiber-to-the-home investment, and the continuously increased requirements for the important components in the construction and deployment of FTTH system solutions of the communication industry, fiber connection has become an important link in FTTH. The fast connector has become the main method of optical connection, and the emergence of the fast connector solves the problem that the optical fiber can only be spliced. This article mainly introduces the basic characteristics and technical parameters of high-performance fully compatible FMC fast connectors which is an important device in the construction and deployment of the current FTTH system solution. By implementing the basic characteristic of “high performance” and “fully compatible”, it can meet all the terminal connection demand under various FTTH constructions deployment. And at the same time, this article briefly explains the convenience of construction and practical application of the FMC fast connectors. Through the optimization and improvement of various performances, the connector product has become an important technology for future FTTH network construction. It is suitable for terminal connection in various FTTH construction deployment environments, reducing on-site construction costs, improving assembly efficiency, providing convenience and services, and meeting the needs of customer terminal connection with different usage habits.

FIRE DETECTION BASED ON IOT THROUGH FIBER TO THE HOME (FTTH)

ABSTRACTFires can occur anytime and anywhere and fires are generally known after the fire has begun to grow. Therefore, it is necessary to detect fires that can quickly detect the presence of a fire and prevent fires from getting bigger. This research has made a fire detection equipment where the detection results can be received remotely by utilizing the internet network through FTTH. The transmitter equipment consists of a fire detector using the MQ-2 gas sensor, LM35DZ temperature sensor, processing data using Arduino that is connected to an Ethernet shield and FTTH. The receiver consists of an Ethernet shield, Arduino, and an alarm and LED circuit. Changes in smoke temperature and thickness were detected by Arduino. When the LM35DZ temperature sensor detects temperature changes greater than or equal to 350C and the gas sensor MQ-2 detects smoke thickness greater than or equal to 150ppm, the Arduino microcontroller will provide logic 1 and will activate the buzzer and led. Conversely, if the temperature and smoke thickness are less than the conditions above, Arduino sends logic 0. Arduino uno is connected to the Ethernet shield so that data from Arduino can be sent via the internet using FTTH network. In the receiver, if the data received by logic 1 will activate the buzzer and led which indicates the temperature above 35 degrees and smoke thickness above 150 ppm. Transmitter devices and receivers can be interconnected through FTTH networks with IP addresses that are one network, where the IP transmitter device is 172.31.16.27 and the IP device is 172.31.16.29. The QOS test results for FTTH network are good with packet loss 0 and very small delay which is <150 ms and throughput above 1Mbps.Key : Arduino, buzzer, LED, Ethershield, Fiber To The Home,IoT

Performance evaluation of flexible cross correlation (FCC) OCDMA code based on radio over fiber (RoF) simulation system

<span>This paper investigates the performance of an elegance code set algorithm known as Flexible Cross Correlation (FCC) code to be run into a simulation test of proposed RoF system. Executing OCDMA Code into RoF framework is seen as a promising technique for enhancing spectral efficiency and meanwhile enhanced the length of fiber optic cable and data bit rate execution while reduce the passive equipment device. This code can efficaciously reduce the results of phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN), it has the multiple access interference (MAI) cancellation belongs to RoF system and at the same time simple and easy within the code construction. Bit error rate (BER) performance is assessed for this proposed simulation system. The evaluation made based on the performance of fiber length, data bit rate, related with Bit Error Rate (BER) and also the complexity of the system. The extensive simulation results reveal FCC code possibly will accomplish sufficiently up to 51 km at BER 10-9 for data rate 155 Mbps as matched to 622 Mbps with exponentially increases at BER 10-12 error floor and it is fit for short haul networking such as FTTH and local area network (LAN).</span>