FTTH Networks Research Articles

Economic implications of a co-investment scheme for FTTH/PON architectures

Due to the high costs associated with the deployment of the passive infrastructure of FTTH networks, a few alternative operators have pondered the possibility of making co-investments based on a network sharing model. The purpose of this article is to explore economic aspects of a co-investment scheme for present and future FTTH/PON architectures. The article describes the cost reductions that can be achieved when a co-investment scheme is used, as well as the relationship between market shares and the cost per home connected. A cost model was employed to calculate the investment per home passed and the investment per home connected. The investment per home passed for an alternative operator indicates significant cost reductions when a co-investment scheme is used. On the other hand, the results show that when the incumbent's market share is equal or higher than the total market share of all the alternative operators that share the network infrastructure, the investment per home connected for an alternative operator is higher than that for the incumbent operator. Moreover, to be cost competitive with the incumbent operator, the necessary market share that each alternative operator should achieve is much lower than that of the incumbent operator.

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm With Proper Guard Time Management Over Multi-OLT PON-Based Hybrid FTTH and Wireless Sensor Networks

A passive optical network (PON) is a highly capable access network that effectively converges several service providers, without suffering from any bandwidth deficiency. However, a PON consisting of a single optical line terminal (OLT) for multiple service providers increases the computational complexity for data packet processing in the OLT, resulting in a longer time delay and more packet loss. A multi-OLT PON-based access network is an effective solution for reducing the computational complexity of data packet processing in a hybrid network of multiple service providers. The most important issue concerning the multi-OLT PON is the sharing efficiency of upstream channels among multiple service providers having different packet lengths and data rates. In this paper, we propose a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm called adaptive limited dynamic bandwidth allocation for multi-OLT PON (ALDBAM). The proposed scheme is a modified version of adaptive limited dynamic bandwidth allocation (ALDBA) algorithms that we proposed before, where both the ALDBA1 and ALDBA2 schemes are combined with proper guard time management and a modified multipoint control protocol. The simulation results show that the ALDBAM scheme provides lower packet delay with higher bandwidth utilization, higher upstream efficiency, and higher throughput than the conventional ALDBA1 and ALDBA2 schemes.

Solving the Two-Stage Robust FTTH network design Problem under Demand Uncertainty

For the past few years, the increase in high bandwidth requiring services forced telecommunication operators like France Telecom - Orange to engage the deployment of optical networks, the Fiber To The Home Gigabit Passive Optical Network (FTTH GPON) technology, leading to new design problems. Such problems have already been studied. However, to the best of our knowledge, without taking into account the future demand uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a model for a two-stage robust optimization FTTH network design problem tackling the demand uncertainty. We propose an exact algorithm, based on column and constraint generation algorithms, and we show some preliminary results.

A TEO-Based Algorithm to Detect Events Over OTDR Measurements in FTTH PON Networks

The FTTH business needs new network maintenance technologies that can, economically and effectively, cope with the massive FTTH fiber plants that are yet to come. Based on the Teager Energy Operator (TEO), we have developed a method for testing and evaluating FTTH networks from the Central Office, which allows the identification of event failures in the optical branches after the PON splitter.

Link and Cost Optimization of FTTH Network Implementation through GPON Technology

The motivation behind this work is the need for performance analysis of Al-Gehad/Baghdad“Fiber To The Home”(FTTH) network which is one of the Iraq Telecommunication Post and Company(ITPC) FTTH projectsin2010 in Baghdad City. Based on the detailed study of this project, the design, implementation, and analysis of this network has been putting under consideration through a mathematical model simulated and performance evaluated. The link utilization and number of OLT ports (PON) had been studied and evaluated as a function of cycle time. Cost optimization was done through evaluation the total cost of PON system and who it affected with the number of ONUs (i.e. splitting ratio), as well as cost ratio between EPON and GPON is evaluated. Then GPON system has been optimized to analyze and evaluate the feeder network cost, distribution network cost, and total network cost.

Design of Single-Mode and Low-Bending-Loss Hole-Assisted Fiber and Its MPI Characteristics

Bending-loss insensitive fibers (BIFs) have been receiving increasing attention with a view to improving FTTH network installation and maintenance. Several BIFs have been proposed and developed to realize a lower bending loss, and hole-assisted fiber (HAF) can realize both excellent bending loss characteristics and other properties compatible with conventional single-mode fiber (SMF). In this paper, we numerically clarify a design that provides both an allowable bending radius of 5 mm and other properties comparable to conventional SMFs. The calculated results also reveal the much wider single-mode bandwidth of HAF with both a low bending loss and a comparable MFD to that of SMF. We then discuss the applicability of HAF based optical cord for short-length transmission and reveal the sufficiently low multi-pass interference (MPI) characteristics of single-mode HAF, which are independent of the existence of a mode field diameter (MFD) mismatch. Although a large MFD mismatch degrades the MPI characteristics of HAF with a longer cut-off wavelength, we reveal a way to improve the MPI for such a HAF by utilizing the sweep fusion splicing technique.

Performance Analysis of OCDMA Based on AND Detection in FTTH Access Network Using PIN & APD Photodiodes

Abstract In order to comprise between PIN photo detector and avalanche photodiodes in a system used double weight (DW) code to be a performance of the optical spectrum CDMA in FTTH network with point-to-multi-point (P2MP) application. The performance of PIN against APD is compared through simulation by using opt system software version 7. In this paper we used two networks designed as follows one used PIN photo detector and the second using APD photo diode, both two system using with and without erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). It is found that APD photo diode in this system is better than PIN photo detector for all simulation results. The conversion used a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) wavelength converter. Also we are study, the proposing a detection scheme known as AND subtraction detection technique implemented with fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) act as encoder and decoder. This FBG is used to encode and decode the spectral amplitude coding namely double weight (DW) code in Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA). The performances are characterized through bit error rate (BER) and bit rate (BR) also the received power at various bit rate.

The Competitive and Social Implications of Mandating P2P Technologies for FTTH Networks

GPON and point-to-point (P2P) architectures for FTTH Networks can deliver essentially the same services to residential customers. There have been calls for regulators to mandate or privilege P2P architectures because of its potential for unbundling at more levels. However, GPON’s lower civil infrastructure requirements and potential for selective deployment allow operators that use it to enter the market more profitably, with lower market shares and with lower capital requirements. Markets in which operators use GPON technology can therefore have more network competition and lower prices in urban areas, can see fibre deployment in suburban areas where P2P would not be profitable, and require much lower public subsidies in rural areas where no fibre business case is profitable by itself. These results hold both if operators are imposed access regulation and if they are not. Therefore, mandating P2P technologies will impede those competitive and social benefits to be attained.

Metro Access Convergence for Broadband Future Low Energy Consumption Networks

Problem statement: In study the impact of the optical technologies and infrastructures on the reduction of the carbon footprint maintaining high level of broadband to the end user is discussed. Approach: Authors analyze the main energy consumers in Core, Metro and Access Networks as well as the topology and the performaces of the EU FP7 SARDANA Project, a long reach full optical metro access convergent network. This permit to have a clear and innovative view on the topic of the green networks comparing commercial and on the edge solutions for the critical access segment. Three scenarios have been assumed with different uplink bandwidths: unlimited uplink in the CO, limited uplink of 400 Gbit sec-1 and strong limitation of 100 Gbit sec-1. Additionally, three different sizes of the access network with 100, 1,000 and 10,000 subscribers connected to a single CO have been considered. Results: Increasing the number of users and reducing the uplink bandwidth, the difference in energy efficiency between TDM and PONs and P-t-P FTTH networks increases. Conclusion: Authors conclude that in general, a SARDANA like network provides very good energy efficiency for both limited and unlimited uplink and for small and large networks.

Design of new 4-Channel FTTH Mux/Demux based on Cascaded Wavelength Selective Coupler

The purpose of this paper is to design and characterize the Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (Mux/Demux) which uses the concept of coupled mode theory. The design is based on cascading the wavelength selective coupler (WSC) devices utilizing commercial specification. The device is designed on silica substrate with compliance of FTTH wavelength such as wavelengths 1310 nm (upstream data/ voice), 1480 nm (downstream data/voice), 1550 nm (video) and 1625 nm (testing). The proposal of designed Mux/Demux is used as a router for specific wavelength in order to detect any optical line failure in FTTH network application in which the OTDR launched wavelength (1625 nm) is used as troubleshooting signal. The performance of the devices was modeled using the beam propagation method (BPM-Cad) product from the Optiwave Inc. The device then is characterized in term of output power, insertion loss and true loss measurement.

Wireless Future Based on Fiber

When a whole area is provided with a FTTH network for consumer communication and entertainment services it opens up a variety of possibilities and opportunities for wireless services to add connectitivity and services in the market place. Always-on connection radically change the way consumers access and work with information. This is becoming evident in markets with high penetration of high bandwidth alwas-on services such as Iceland, where about 85% of households have an Internet connection and over 60% of all households have a DSL connection for their Internet usage. When enjoying such rich connectivity in the home and workplace, the market will demand the same access to their data and services when mobile.

Thin film filter-embedded triplexing-filters based on directional couplers for FTTH networks

We designed and experimentally demonstrated a thin film filter (TFF)-embedded directional coupler-type triplexing-filter on the planar-lightwave-circuit platform. The triple-play multiplexing was significantly simplified by using one TFF. The 1.31- and 1.55-/spl mu/m lights were designed to be divided after passing the directional coupler by half-cycle and full-cycle coupling actions, respectively. The 1.49-/spl mu/m light was reflected by a TFF inserted in a trench on the directional coupler. The insertion losses of fabricated triplexing-filters were less than 2.0 dB with bandwidths of 20 nm. The newly proposed triplexing-filter provides a cost-effective high-performance solution for fiber-to-the-home networks.