FTO Glass Research Articles

Exploring local chlorine generation through seawater electrolysis to Extend optical sensor lifespan in marine environments

Biofouling in marine optical sensors poses a significant challenge as it can compromise data accuracy and instrument functionality. This study investigates the effectiveness of local chlorine generation by seawater electrolysis in mitigating biological fouling and extending the operational lifespan of optical oceanographic instruments. Eight similar turbidity probes integrated with a local chlorine generation system, along with a turbidity probe constructed from ABS and another from PLA with copper filament, were developed for testing in the marine environment. The chlorine probes were designed into two groups: four utilizing standard FTO glass and four featuring FTO glass coated with platinum nanoparticles. Each set of probes employed different excitation currents for chlorine generation. All probes underwent laboratory calibration using formazine before deployment in a coastal environment for 97 days. The findings demonstrate a correlation with higher electrical power leading to prolonged operation intervals free from biofouling interference. Additionally, probes coated with platinum nanoparticles demonstrate higher performance in comparison to those with standard FTO glass. The copper probe did not effectively shield the optical transducers from microfouling, although it effectively demonstrated its efficacy in protecting the structural housing of the device. Overall, this work offers a compelling in situ demonstration of local chlorine generation as a promising strategy for enhancing the performance and longevity of optical oceanographic instruments in marine environments.

New Luminescent Solar Concentrator Windows Using PMMA-InP/ZnS Nanohybrid Coating Films for Green Building Applications

Green fluorescing PMMA-InP/ZnS nanohybrid coating films were applied onto FTO glass substrates through the traditional spin coating technique for the development of luminescent solar concentrator windows. Examination using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) displayed good morphology and uniform dispersion of InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in PMMA matrix, whereas X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the amorphous nature and good adhesion to FTO glass substrate. Investigations of the influence of varying QD concentrations on spectral photophysical characteristics were conducted using techniques such as optical absorption, transmission, fluorescence spectroscopy, and the chromaticity diagram (CIE 1931). The films exhibited good transparency in the visible spectrum, approximately 87%, with reduced transparency in the near-infrared (NIR) region, approximately 26%. The films have various shades of green colors closely aligned with the sensitivity of the human eye, as demonstrated by CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. Skin depth calculations spanning the UV to NIR wavelengths (200-2400 nm) showed a marked decrease in electromagnetic wave penetration correlating with increased InP-ZnS QD concentrations. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the highest fluorescence intensity and quantum yield of 71% for QDs concentration of 0.15wt% coupled with outstanding photostability properties after exposure to UVA radiation (365 nm) for 72 h. This optimization effectively reduces the infiltration of detrimental solar radiation into buildings, encompassing ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths. The research outcomes are consistent with the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals SDG7 and SDG 11, in sun-drenched regions such as Saudi Arabia, as PMMA-InP/ZnS nanohybrid coating films can be tailored to meet the spectral needs of energy-efficient windows.

Rapid Microwave Annealing for Improved Crystallinity and Morphology of Perovskite Materials

Perovskite solar cells are gaining significant attention for their remarkable power conversion efficiency, cost‐effective processing, and material abundance. This study investigates the impact of rapid microwave annealing on the crystallinity and morphology of MAPbI3 films on FTO glass substrates. Multifaceted characterization techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS), and steady‐state photoluminescence (PL) measurements are used to compare microwave‐annealed samples with traditional hotplate‐annealed samples. Microwave annealing yields significantly larger crystals in shorter processing times, suggesting enhanced crystallinity, as evidenced by SEM analysis and XRD data. UV‐Vis and PDS measurements indicate improved optical properties and reduced sub‐bandgap states, while PL results suggest diminished nonradiative recombination in microwave‐annealed samples. However, a partial film detachment has been observed at higher microwave powers, a phenomenon explained by COMSOL simulations. These findings demonstrate rapid microwave annealing as an energy‐efficient and cost‐effective alternative while highlighting the need for further optimization to address film degradation issues, which remain a significant challenge. This research supports the potential for scalable, high‐quality perovskite material production, facilitating large‐scale production and commercialization of next‐generation solar cells.

Enhanced photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction activity towards selective generation of alcohols over CuxO/SrTiO3 heterojunction photocathodes

Photoelectrochemical reduction (PECR) of CO2 to value-added chemicals and fuels will reduce the dependency on fossil fuels, also it will solve environmental issues that arise due to greenhouse gases. A heterojunction of CuxO/SrTiO3 with varying post-annealing temperature ranges from 300 to 600 °C (CS300-600) was synthesized by overlying the spin-coated SrTiO3 on electrodeposited Cu2O over the FTO glass substrate. The synthesized photoelectrode's crystallinity and phase formation significantly varied by varying the post-annealing temperature, which was characterized via XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Optical, morphological, type of heterojunction formation and elemental surface oxidation states of photoelectrodes were studied through UV–visible DRS spectrum, FE-SEM, and XPS analysis respectively. Electrocatalytic analysis such as Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectrometry (EIS) was employed, thus it conforms to the highest photocurrent density (−1.38 mA/cm2 at −0.6V vs. Ag/AgCl), and low charge transfer resistance (RCT=0.412 kΩ) at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces for CS500 photoelectrode as compared to others photoelectrodes. PECR of CO2 to liquid product formation was evaluated by applying different potential ranges (0 to −0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl). Highest methanol formation of 48.69 μmol.cm−2hr−1, which is approximately 9 times enhanced as compared to the pure Cu2O (5.62 μmol.cm−2hr−1) photoelectrode at 0 V vs Ag/AgCl for CS500 heterojunction. Optimization of overlaying SrTiO3 synthesis temperature for crystallization formation on Cu2O and applied photoelectrode potential findings could pave the way for designing other new heterojunction types for selective liquid alcohol production.

Comparative studies on pinhole free CBD-CdZnS thin films on ITO and FTO substrate

The development of CdZnS thin films using the chemical bath deposition process in nonaqueous media is a technological challenge. In this work, 75 millilitres of ethylene glycol and ethanol (1:2 ratios) were used to develop a CdZnS thin film on ITO and FTO glass substrates using cadmium acetate, zinc sulphate, and thiourea. The ideal bath temperature was kept at 1300C and the anneal temperature of the film that had been deposited in the air was maintained at 3500C. The films have been examined using FTIR, WCA, FESEM, and XRD. XRD studies reveal that CdZnS films have a hexagonal crystal structure with a preference for orientation (002) during the deposition and annealing processes and the assessment of the various attributes have been done, such as dislocation density, micro strain, and grain size. FESEM study indicates that as deposited film on ITO glass have smooth surface and grains appear in the form of small needle shape of equal sizes where as FTO substrate reveals the grains of equal size throughout the entire surface in cluster form. It is also confirmed that both the CdZnS films formed on ITO and FTO substrates have hydrophilic quality. The presence of chemical bonds and functional groups was confirmed by FTIR analysis.

Cu2+ ions implanted porous titania for efficient dye sensitized solar cells

In the quest to unlock the remarkable potential of nanotechnology, the sol-gel method was employed to craft a porous TiO2 nanostructured film, meticulously deposited onto FTO glass substrates. This endeavor marked a significant leap as a controlled bombardment of Cu ions, accelerated at 700 keV, at varying flux rates of 2x1013, 2x1014, and 2x1015 ions/cm² was introduced to these ingeniously engineered films. A comprehensive assessment of these nanocrystalline TiO2 structures, both before and after Cu+2 ion irradiation, revealed a fascinating array of results. he anatase tetragonal structure's permanence was validated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which improved the material's stability and integrity. In the present study, an interesting observation was made that band edges show a dynamic behavior in Cuirradiated samples in UV-Vis spectroscopy. At 2x1014 ions/cm2, the phenomena peaked, revealing an intriguing redshift and an exceptionally low band gap value of 3.39 eV. In photoluminescence spectra, the peaks corresponding to the lattice defects show a significant reduction when the flux of the Cu ions on TiO2 is adjusted to 2 x 1014 ions/cm2. It is an indication that film quality and purity have improved. This arrangement for photoanode modification helps in the development of dye-sensitized solar cells with tremendous characteristics. The fabricated device with this novel approach results in high values of open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and maximum photoconversion efficiency of 5.10%. These findings indicate a new era of possibilities in the field of renewable energy, since these nanostructured materials have the ability to significantly alter the solar field.

Triarylamine-based polyimide COFs for achieving high performance ambipolar multi-color electrochromic energy-storage films

Electrochromic energy storage materials that possess both electrochromic and electrochemical energy-storage properties have attracted significant attention for applications in visual energy-storage, energy-efficient windows, as well as displays. To fulfill their comprehensive applications, electrochromic energy-storage materials require specific characteristics, such as transparency, ambipolarity, multi-color capabilities, and high capacitance. Here, the polyimide covalent-organic framework based on triarylamine (PM-TPI and NT-TPI) COF films were grown successfully on FTO glass through solvothermal polycondensation, and exhibited crystallization, hierarchical porous structures, and ambipolar electrochemical redox activity. Notably, NT-TPI COF film displayed transparent bleached state, ambipolar electrochromism, multi-color (transparent, orange-red, cyan, gray), and high optical contrast. Due to their large specific surface area and efficient electron/ion transport ability, the NT-TPI COF film effectively controlled visible and near-infrared light, achieving optical contrasts of 49.8 % and 70.0 % at 420 and 850 nm, respectively. Moreover, the NT-TPI COF films showed promising electrochemical energy-storage properties and excellent charge–discharge rate performance, with a specific capacitance of 141.0 mAh/g. Additionally, NT-TPI COF/WO3-based ambipolar eclectrochromic energy-storage devices also exhibited high optical contrast from visible to near-infrared regions, and large capacitance. In summary, the NT-TPI COF film effectively combines the electrochromic and electrochemical energy-storage capabilities, making it a promising candidate for electrochromic energy-storage materials with transparency, ambipolarity, high optical contrast, multi-color functionality, and high specific capacitance.

Preparation and surface photovoltage regulation of (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 double A-site cation mixed-phase perovskite nanocrystal structure

This paper reports a novel (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 double A-site cations perovskite nanostructured photoelectrode and its fabrication method, utilizing a stoichiometric dissolution of MAI, CsI, and BiI3 solutes in DMF solvent. The (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 perovskite electrodes are then prepared on FTO glass substrates using the spin-coating technique. Furthermore, by adjusting the molar ratio x of Cs+ to the total moles of Cs+ and MA+ in precursor, the morphology and size of the (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 perovskite nanostructures can be effectively modulated, thereby tuning their photoelectrical properties. (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 consists of two phases: (CsMA)3Bi2I9 formed by substituting Cs+ with MA+, and (MACs)3Bi2I9 formed by substituting MA+ with Cs+. The surface photovoltage performance of the (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 perovskites prepared at different x values surpasses that of pure MA3Bi2I9 and Cs3Bi2I9 bismuth-based perovskites. Particularly noteworthy is that at x = 0.6, the surface photovoltage performance of (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 perovskite is nearly double that of the pure MA3Bi2I9 and Cs3Bi2I9 perovskites.

Characterization and application of electrochemical deposition Cdse thin films

The electrochemical deposition method created a CdSe thin film on FTO glass substrates. The film was examined using field scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and optical and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the CdSe nanoparticles were evenly distributed on the substrate, with a Cd/Se ratio of 63.30% Se and 36.70% Cd. The XRD revealed a polycrystalline, hexagonal structure. The film is n-type semiconductor concentration with a carrier concentration of 1.194×1020 cm-3 . The CdSe showed 552.5 mF/cm2 of specific capacity with energy and a power density of 2.5 mW/cm2 and 9000 mW/cm2 , respectively

Hydrothermally synthesized Al-doped β-Ga2O3 microrods for enhanced pH sensing performance

In our study, Al-doped β-Ga2O3 microrods were deposited on FTO glass substrate via hydrothermal method followed by calcination at 700 °C for 3 h. The Al-doped β-Ga2O3 microrods were characterized using XRD, SEM, XPS, and FTIR spectroscopy techniques. The intrinsic β-Ga2O3 extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET)-based pH sensor exhibited a pH sensitivity of 57.29 mV/pH with 99.34 % linearity within the pH range of 3–11. Conversely, the Al-doped β-Ga2O3 EGFET-pH sensor, containing 0.52 at. % of Al, demonstrated an elevated pH sensitivity of 77.63 mV/pH with 99.17 % linearity. Our findings indicate that the incorporation of Al enhances the pH sensing capabilities of β-Ga2O3 microrods to the presence of additional binding sites facilitated by its improved specific surface area. Remarkably, even a minute amount (0.52 at. %) of Al doping in β-Ga2O3 suffices to significantly improve the performance of pH sensing. These results underscore the potential of Al-doped β-Ga2O3 as a promising material for development of high-performance ion or biosensors.

Synthesis of ZnO/CZTS Hetero-Structure Junction by Sol–Gel Spin Coating Technique

Pertaining to the optimal band alignment of ZnO and CZTS, the heterostructure was fabricated with CZTS as the absorber layer and ZnO being the buffer layer coated on the FTO glass for photovoltaic application. Both the layers were deposited by using sol–gel spin coating technique. The results revealed the polycrystalline nature of both ZnO and CZTS films with distinct phase formations, with ZnO exhibiting prominent diffraction peaks at 31.77, 34.31, 36.20, 47.47, and 56.59° corresponding to (100), (002), (101), (102), and (110) planes, while CZTS showed diffraction peaks at (112), (220), and (312) planes. ZnO thin films demonstrated high optical transmittance (∼90%) and exhibited a wide band gap of 3.24 eV, while CZTS demonstrated a band gap of 1.44 eV. AFM images showed smooth surfaces with favorable topography for both films. Hall effect measurements indicated differences in electrical properties of the two films. Raman spectroscopy revealed vibrational energy patterns in both films. Additionally, current–voltage (I-V) characteristics revealed the electrical behavior of the ZnO/CZTS heterojunction, shedding light on its diode characteristics under both dark and illuminated conditions. With CZTS’s ideal band gap of 1.44 eV, sunlight is easily absorbed, and ZnO’s high electron mobility makes it an effective layer for electron transport. As a result, power conversion efficiency can be improved.

Effect of precursor pH on the electrochemically synthesised barium titanium sulphide (BaTiS) material for photovoltaic application

ABSTRACT In this study, we deposited the electrochemically synthesised barium titanium sulphide material for photovoltaic application on FTO glass and studied the effect of precursor pH. The thin films deposited with titanium-doped barium sulphide underwent examination for their optical, structural, electrical, and surface morphological properties. As the wavelength of the photon increased, the absorbance decreased. The Ti-doped CuS thin film had the highest absorbance value (0.79) at pH 4.60 and the lowest value (0.48) at pH 5.10. The films deposited at pH 5.10, 4.90, 4.80, 4.70, and 4.60 yielded data of 0.48, 0.56, 0.62, 0.73, and 0.79. The energy band gaps for the thin films deposited at pH 5.1, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, and 4.6 were 2.90 eV, 2.87 eV, 2.79 eV, 2.60 eV, and 2.42 eV, respectively. The film’s energy bandgap decreased as the bath pH decreased, as indicated by the results. The X-ray diffraction findings unveiled a cubic structural phase of barium sulphide, with a lattice constant of 6.3748 Å.

Cu-Doped TiO2 Thin Films by Spin Coating: Investigation of Structural and Optical Properties

Cu-doped TiO2 films were synthesized directly on FTO glass with a spin coating method. With a variation in copper amount, samples were prepared with 0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% of dopant concentrations. Morphological and structural characterization of undoped and Cu-doped TiO2 samples were investigated and the obtained results showed the small, spherical shapes of the nanoparticles forming a thin film on top of FTO glass and their preferred orientation of TiO2 anatase (101), which is the same for each sample. However, this peak exhibited a slight shift for the 2% sample, related to the inflation of the microstrain compared to the other samples. For the optical properties, the 4% sample displayed the highest transmittance whereas the 2% sample exhibited the lowest band gap energy of 2.96 eV. Moreover, the PL intensity seems to be at its highest for the 2% sample due to the present peaking defects in the structure, whereas the 8% sample shows a whole new signal that is related to copper oxide. These properties make this material a potential candidate to perform as an electron transport layer (ETL) in solar cells and enhance their power conversion efficiency.

Synthesis and characterization of (Ni, Mn)-ZnO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite for efficient electrochemical water splitting: The role of electrocatalyst for OER

The scarcity of non-renewable energy sources and rising worldwide temperatures are significant challenges. Electrochemical water splitting using low-cost materials (metals and their oxides) is a highly efficient and cost-effective method of producing both hydrogen and oxygen. Apart from precious metals, carbon-based materials have also shown effectiveness in catalyzing these reactions. To minimize overpotentials and enable practical applications, metal oxide encapsulation in graphite layers has demonstrated significant activity for both HER and OER. Metal oxides are known for their high conductivity and mechanical strength, making them suitable candidates for this task. In the present research, we report the design of a composite (Ni, Mn)-ZnO/g-C3N4 ((Ni, Mn)-CNZ) electrocatalyst with improved electrocatalytic performance. The coprecipitation of (Ni, Mn)-ZnO with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) produced the composite material. The structure of the electrocatalyst was analyzed using characteristic techniques such as FTIR, EDX, SEM, and XRD. Electrodeposition on FTO glass is employed to facilitate studies of water distribution. The (Ni, Mn)-CNZ composite exhibits excellent electrochemical water-splitting behavior, with low overpotentials, 380 mV (OER) and 288 mV (HER), reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 compared to Ni-CNZ and Mn-CNZ. This highlights the potential of (Ni, Mn)-CNZ as a highly effective electrocatalyst for water splitting.

The Effect of Mixed Dye Composition of Anthocyanin-Chlorophyll on DSSC Efficiency on TiO2/ZnO Semiconductors

The effect of mixed dye composition of anthocyanin-chlorophyll on DSSC efficiency on TiO2/ZnO semiconductors aims to determine the effect of using dye containing anthocyanin-chlorophyll on the absorbance value and work efficiency value of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). The TiO2/ZnO was deposited using the doctor blade method and the dye was made using the maceration method. The counter electrode was made on FTO glass coated by calcined battery carbon with temperature in 450°C. The DSSC assembly was arranged in a sandwich shape. Then electrolyte is dripped in the middle of the DSSC layer. Characterization tests were carried out to determine the dye absorbance value and gap energy value using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. DSSC efficiency testing uses current and voltage (I-V) characterization. DSSC testing was carried out using a multimeter with a light source from sunlight. The results of UV-Vis characterization showed that the highest absorbance value was obtained for the kale-mangosteen peel dye at a wavelength of 530 nm with an absorbance of 5.234%. The TiO2/ZnO gap energy obtained using the touch plot method is 2.42 eV. The highest efficiency value was obtained from the kale-mangosteen peel dye mixture of 0.0286%. There was an increase in the DSSC efficiency value when the dyes were combined.

Rational Design of Improved Ru Containing Fe-Based Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Photoanode for Artificial Photosynthesis.

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) recently emerged as a new platform for the realization of integrated devices for artificial photosynthesis. However, there remain few demonstrations of rational tuning of such devices for improved performance. Here, a fast molecular water oxidation catalyst working via water nucleophilic attack is integrated into the MOF MIL-142, wherein Fe3O nodes absorb visible light, leading to charge separation. Materials are characterized by a range of structural and spectroscopic techniques. New, [Ru(tpy)(Qc)(H2O)]+ (tpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine and Qc = 8-quinolinecarboxylate)-doped Fe MIL-142 achieved a high photocurrent (1.6 × 10-3 A·cm-2) in photo-electrocatalytic water splitting at pH = 1. Unassisted photocatalytic H2 evolution is also reported with Pt as the co-catalyst (4.8 µmol g-1 min-1). The high activity of this new system enables hydrogen gas capture from an easy-to-manufacture, scaled-up prototype utilizing MOF deposited on FTO glass as a photoanode. These findings provide insights for the development of MOF-based light-driven water-splitting assemblies utilizing a minimal amount of precious metals and Fe-based photosensitizers.

Gold nanoparticle-decorated fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate for sensitive label-free OIRD microarray chips.

Oblique incidence reflectance difference (OIRD) is an emerging technique enabling real-time and label-free detection of bio-affinity binding events on microarrays. The interfacial architecture of the microarray chip is critical to the performance of OIRD detection. In this work, a sensitive label-free OIRD microarray chip was developed by using gold nanoparticle-decorated fluorine-doped tin oxide (AuNPs-FTO) slides as a chip substrate. This AuNPs-FTO chip demonstrates ahigher signal-to-noise ratio and improved sensitivity compared to that built on FTO glass, showing a detection limit of as low as 10ngmL-1 for the model target, HRP-conjugated streptavidin. On-chip ELISA experiments and optical calculations suggest that the enhanced performance is not only due to the higher probe density enabling a high capture efficiency toward the target, but most importantly, the AuNP layer arouses optical interference to improve the intrinsic sensitivity of OIRD. This work provides an effective strategy for constructing OIRD-based microarray chips with enhanced sensitivity, and may help extend their practical applications in various fields.

The stability improvement of photoelectrochemical solar cells with Bi2S3 quantum dots sensitized photoanodes

Bi2S3, Bi2MoO6 and TiO2 composite photoanodes were fabricated using three different preparation routes to improve its photoelectrochemical (PEC) stability. The microstructure of three photoanodes are distinct significantly according to the results of XRD, SEM and TEM. The ordered TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRAs) and thinner Bi2MoO6 sheet crystals in flower-ball structure facilitate carrier transport and suppresses electron-hole recombination efficiently. The results of PEC tests indicate that the photoanode with Bi2MoO6 sheet crystals in flower-ball structure and TiO2 NRAs shows significant enhancement in PEC performance stability due to its ordered microstructure facilitating carrier transport and transfer and also good adherence of photoanode layer on FTO glass substrate. This photoanode in Bi2S3 quantum dots/Bi2MoO6@TiO2 NRAs structure exhibits satisfactory properties, achieving a PEC stability of 86.41% after 48 h.

Design and Fabrication of DSSC and Monitoring Using Embedded System

Fossil fuel shortages, increasing prices of crude oil, and the shunning of conventional energy sources (such as coal or nuclear power plants) are some of the factors that have made sustainable forms of traditional energy gain more attention. Some examples include hydropower, wind power, geothermal power, and biomass processing. Solar power is also a very important source of alternative energy. To comprehend such improving progress in achieving higher solar-to-electricity efficiency and improved long-term operating stability, the development process and basic principles for DSSCs should be understood. An FTO electrode with titanium dioxide (Tio2) is being used here, as part of which we grow dye tuned to give the required color and conductivity. It is called an anode. A pencil was used to graphite the other FTO glass, which would then serve as the cathode. We are presently working on using an iodide electrolyte. Also, current density and voltage were monitored by the ESP8266 kit. Key Words: Dye-sensitized solar cell; Carotenoid Extract; Electrolyte; ESP8266.

Oyster Pearl-Shaped Ternary Iron Chalcogenide, FeSe0.5Te0.5, Films on FTO through Electrochemical Growth from the Exchange of Chalcogens Boosted the Enzyme-Free Urea-Sensing Ability toward Real Analytes.

Here, iron chalcogenide thin films were developed for the first time by using the less hazardous electrodeposition technique at optimized conditions on an FTO glass substrate. The chalcogenides have different surface, morphological, structural, and optical properties, as well as an enzyme-free sensing behavior toward urea. Numerous small crystallites of about ∼20 to 25 nm for FeSe, ∼18 to 25 nm for FeTe, and ∼18 to 22 nm in diameter for FeSeTe are observed with partial agglomeration under an electron microscope, having a mixed phase of tetragonal and orthorhombic structures of FeSe, FeTe, and, FeSeTe, respectively. Profilometry, XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XPS, EDX, UV-vis spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy were used for the analysis of binary and ternary composite semiconductors, FeSe, FeTe, and FeSeTe, respectively. Electrochemical experiments were conducted with the chalcogenide thin films and urea as the analyte in phosphate-buffered media at a pH of ∼ 7.4 in the concentration range of 3-413 μM. Cyclic voltammetry was performed to determine the sensitivity of the prepared electrode at an optimized scan rate of 50 mV s-1. The electrodeposited chalcogenide films appeared with a low detection limit and satisfactory sensitivity, of which the ternary chalcogenide film has the lowest LOD of 1.16 μM and the maximum sensitivity of 74.22 μA μM-1 cm-2. The transition metal electrode has a very wide range of detection limit of 1.25-2400 μM with a short response time of 4 s. This fabricated biosensor is capable of exhibiting almost 75% of its starting activity after 2 weeks of storage in the freezer at 4 °C. Simple methods of preparation, a cost-effective process, and adequate electrochemical sensing of urea confirm that the prepared sensor is suitable as an enzyme-free urea sensor and can be utilized for future studies.