Honeysuckle Fruit Research Articles

Composition and micromorphological determination of blue honeysuckle fruit (Lonicera caerulea L.) cuticular wax and its effects on fruit post-harvest quality

The chemical composition and structure of the cuticular wax in blue honeysuckle fruit were investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the cuticular wax was dense and uniform, taking on a tubular form. A total of 158 wax components were identified, including alkanes, terpenes, ketones, alcohols, fatty acids, and esters. The wax was found to be particularly rich in alkanes. After storage, the wax content decreased, whereas an increase in 1-undecanol. The destruction or reduction of cuticular wax resulted in a more rapid decline in storage quality, loss of nutrients, and a decrease in antioxidant phytochemicals. Meanwhile, wax metabolizing enzyme activity and gene expression increased. This study presents a deeper understanding of blue honeysuckle fruit cuticular wax composition and aids to developing effective measures to delay its postharvest fruit quality deterioration.

First Report of Postharvest Fruit Rot Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Blue Honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) Fruit in China.

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) fruit is growing in popularity as a natural, functional 'super fruit', but its storage is challenged by pathogen infection. In June 2022, approximately 30% of 100 kg of blue honeysuckle fruits (cv. Lanjingling) obtained in Harbin, China (128.70°E, 44.87°N) showed postharvest fruit rot symptoms after 15 d of storage at 4°C, leading to whole fruit rotting with gray fungal growth (Fig.1 A). Small (1-2 mm) segments of infected tissue were obtained from 20 randomly selected fruits which were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s and 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 3 min, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, dried in paper towel, and plated in 9 cm Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA). Five purified cultures were obtained and their front colonies were dark brown (Fig.1 C) on the PDA plates after 5 d at 25°C (Alam et al. 2019; Riquelme-Toledo et al. 2020). The conidia (n = 50) were single-celled, hyaline, either ellipsoid or ovoid, and measured 7.5-15.0 μm (11.7 μm average) × 6.0-11.4 μm (8.3 μm average). The conidiophores (Fig.1 E) were branched at the apex bearing bunches of conidia resembling grape clusters (Ellis 1971). For molecular confirmation, genomic DNA was extracted from a representative isolate LDGS-3 using the Ezup Column Fungi Genomic DNA Purification kit (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China). The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS, GenBank ON952502), heat shock protein (HSP60, GenBank OP039103), the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2, GenBank OP186114) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH, GenBank OQ658508) genes were partially amplified with the respective primers ITS1/ITS4, HSP60f/HSP60r, RPB2f/RPB2r, and G3PDH-F/G3PDH-R (Staats et al. 2005; White et al. 1990). BLAST analysis revealed that the sequences of the four genes showed 100% homology with the MH782039, MH796663, MN448501 and MH796662 sequences for isolates of Botrytis cinerea. Based on morphology and molecular characteristics, the isolate LDGS-3 was identified as B. cinerea. For pathogenicity, twenty healthy blue honeysuckle fruits (cv. Lanjingling) were superficially sterilized with 75% ethanol and washed with distilled water. Ten inoculated blue honeysuckle fruits, which were injected with 10 μL conidial suspension of isolate LDGS-3 (106 spores/mL) displayed fruit rot symptoms (Fig.1 B) inside 9 cm Petri dishes after 10 d at 4°C, while no symptoms were detected on ten fruits inoculated with sterile distilled water (Alam et al. 2019). The same isolate that was reisolated from infected fruits with the same morphological and molecular traits was also identified as B. cinerea, confirming Koch's postulates. B. cinerea was previously reported in Henan Province, China in hawthorn (Zhang et al. 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first report of postharvest fruit rot caused by B. cinerea on blue honeysuckle fruit in China, which will aid future management of this emerging postharvest disease.

Response of Abscission Zone of Blue Honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) Fruit to GA3 and 2,4-D Spray Application

The nutritional value of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) fruit is abundant; however, its production faces challenges due to a short harvesting period and fruit drop issues. In this study, the effects and potential mechanisms of two different plant growth regulators, GA3 (Gibberellins acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), on blue honeysuckle fruit abscission and abscission layer formation were investigated. The main cultivated variety of blue honeysuckle, ‘Berel’, was used as the experimental material. GA3 and 2,4-D were sprayed on the plants from the veraison. The anatomical structure of the fruit abscission zone (FAZ) was observed after treatment. Key enzymes involved in cell wall degradation, pectinase, cellulase, polygalacturonase, and pectin methylesterase, were analyzed for their activities. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of cell wall detachment-related genes CX1, CX2, PL20, PE, and key genes for gibberellin and ethylene synthesis GA2OX1, GA1, ACO, and ACO3 were examined. The results indicated that the application of GA3 and 2,4-D could delay the formation of the abscission layer. In the FAZ treated with GA3 and 2,4-D at 5 DAT, the activity of key enzymes involved in cell wall degradation decreased, the expression of genes related to cell wall degradation enzymes and key genes for ethylene synthesis was inhibited, and the drop of fruit reduced. In conclusion, exogenous application of GA3 and 2,4-D suppresses the abscission of ‘Berel’ blue honeysuckle fruit, likely through the inhibition of cell wall degradation and abscission layer formation.

Sensory and bioactive quality indicators of fresh and dried blue honeysuckle fruits (Lonícera caeruléa L.)

The relevance of the study is based on the special value of blue honeysuckle berries, since they contain a significant amount of biologically active substances that are endowed with antioxidant properties, but they have a short period of consumption. To extend it and provide the population with nutritional products, the goal was set to identify varieties whose fruits are the most suitable for processing by drying. Laboratory methods were used for the biochemical study of fruits and statistical methods (using the STATISTICA programme and Anova variance analysis, sensory indicators of the quality and content of phytosubstances, namely: vitamin C, polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and chalcones in fresh and dried fruits of the varieties `Boreal Blizzard`, `Boreal Beauty`, `Boreal Bist` and `Karina` were considered). As a result of the conducted research, varieties were identified that, in the process of heat treatment, preserved sensory and consumer quality indicators as much as possible in relation to the fresh analogue. The range of variation of polyphenolic substances was established, which was within the minimum of 7,370 (`Karina') and the maximum of 7,336 mg/100 g of dry weight (`Boreal Blizzard'), the percentage of their preservation in dried berries was the highest in the variety `Boreal Beauty`. The average content of flavonoids in fresh fruits of the studied varieties was 1,064±240 mg/100 g, anthocyanins – 1,520±289 mg/100 g of dry weight. Drying of berries contributed to an increase in the amount of these substances by 55-110% for flavonoids and by 48% for anthocyanins. It is proved that during the drying process, the fruits of blue honeysuckle lose vitamin C, losses depending on the variety are 65-72%. The findings will be useful in selecting parent forms for creating raw varieties and when choosing a variety for drying and making natural fruit powder concentrates with a high content of biologically active substances

Non-extractable polyphenols from blue honeysuckle fruit pomace with strong antioxidant capacity: Extraction, characterization, and their antioxidant capacity

The aim of this study was to investigate a more practical method for obtaining non-extractable polyphenols (NEPPs) from blue honeysuckle fruit pomace. Three methods, namely acid, alkaline, and enzymatic hydrolysis, were utilized to extract NEPPs. The findings indicated that alkaline hydrolysis was the most effective method for releasing NEPPs, which demonstrated higher levels of total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) from blue honeysuckle fruit pomace. Additionally, higher TPC and TFC levels were related to a stronger antioxidant capacity. Qualitative and quantitative analysis using HPLC-HR-TOF-MS/MS revealed that acid hydrolysis resulted in a greater concentration of certain phenolic acids, while alkaline hydrolysis yielded a higher concentration of flavonoids, and enzymatic hydrolysis produced a wider range of phenolic compositions. Despite the fact that enzymatic hydrolysis is considered a gentler method, the researchers concluded that alkaline hydrolysis was the most appropriate method for obtaining NEPPs from blue honeysuckle fruit pomace.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal molecular mechanisms associated with the natural abscission of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) ripe fruits

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) is rich in phenolic compounds and has an extremely high nutritional value. Fruit abscission in the ripe period significantly impacts production and economic benefits. However, the mechanism associated with the abscission of blue honeysuckle fruit remains largely unknown. The easy-abscission cultivar ‘HSY’ and the hard-abscission cultivar ‘Berel’ were selected as plant materials. Anatomical changes of the ‘HSY’ fruit abscission zone (FAZ) during the abscission mainly included cell expansion, detachment, and collapse. Active changes in cell wall-degrading enzyme activity between 39 days postanthesis (DPA) and 55 DPA in ‘HSY’ FAZ, but not in ‘Berel’, suggest a critical role for cell-wall-degrading enzymes in regulating abscission. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the genes and metabolites responding to abscission mainly act on pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The regulatory pathways of fruit abscission are mainly summarized into two parts: phytohormone synthesis and signal transduction, FAZ cell wall metabolism. In this study, 46 key genes related to plant hormone response, 45 key genes involved in FAZ cell wall metabolism, and 73 transcription factors were screened. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assessed the expression pattern of 12 selected candidate genes, demonstrating the accuracy of the transcriptome data and elucidating the expression patterns of key candidate genes during growth and development. This study will provide an essential resource for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of fruit abscission in the blue honeysuckle.

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUITS OF LONICERA CAERULEA L. AND ITS SUBSPECIES DURING IN-TRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE BASHKIR URALS

Lonicera caerulea L. and its subspecies Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis (Turcz. ex Freyn) Hulten and Lonicera caerulea subsp. altaica Pall. belong to the genus Lonicera L. family Caprifoliaceae Juss., they are valuable fruit plants that are used in medicine, food industry, agriculture. The value of these species lies in the early ripening of fruits and a high content of vitamin C and other biologically active compounds.
 The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative determination of the main groups of biologically active substances – organic acids and tannins, in the fruits of three species of the genus Lonicera from the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute and the selection of the most promising species. For analysis, honeysuckle fruits were collected in the full ripening phase and dried to an air-dry state. Phytochemical studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods.
 As a result of the study, it was found that all the studied honeysuckle samples contain citric, malic, succinic, oxalic, ascorbic acids, and tartaric acid in Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis. According to the quantitative content of ascorbic acid and the sum of organic acids, a species is distinguished in Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis, whose fruits contain 174 and 1723 mg/100 g respectively, and in Lonicera caerulea subsp. altaica and Lonicera caerulea their content is below. The analysis of fruits for the content of tannins showed, that they are dominated by substances of condensed nature, which are based on catechism, and in a larger amount they accumulate in Lonicera caerulea – 426 mg/100 g in a smaller amount – in Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis – 171 mg/100 g.
 The obtained data allow us to recommend the studied species of the genus Lonicera as a promising source of raw materials for the creation of medicinal plant products based on them, enriched with vitamins and other valuable biologically active substances on their basis.

Сравнительная оценка плодов перспективных сортов жимолости съедобной (Lonicera edulis Turcz.) в условиях центрального региона

Edible honeysuckle (Lonicera edulis Turcz.) is a non-traditional berry crop in Russia, however, due to the high content of biologically active substances and taste, the growing area is expanding every year, the demand for berry products is increasing. To date, 119 varieties of honeysuckle are registered in the state register. For the study were selected promising varieties of honeysuckle - 'Silginka', 'Bakcharsky Giant' and 'Pride of Bakchar'. Plants were grown in 10 L containers for three years. Long-acting fertilizer Osmocote Exact High K, complex mineral fertilizers Aquarin 13, Aquamix were used. According to the results of the research, a significant effect of length, width, weight and sugar content in honeysuckle fruits was established. It has been established that the variety 'Pride of Bakchara' is distinguished by the longest and widest fruits with the highest weight and the lowest sugar content. In turn, the varieties 'Silginka' and 'Bakcharsky Velikan' have medium-sized berries, but with the highest sugar content. Keywords: HONEYSUCKLE, FRUITS, ANTIOXIDANTS, SUGAR, GROWING, FERTILIZERS

Chemical constituents and antimicrobial ability of essential oil from the fruits of Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim.

Essential oils are the natural products that can pave the way for the creation of effective drugs with various beneficial properties. Plants of Lonicera maackii are well known in the natural growth regions of temperate Asia due to therapeutic effects and a high content of the bioactive compounds. Species diversity of steppe vegetation is enriched by the introduction of plants, but the assessment of this process effectiveness should also take into account the realization of plant genetic potential for the accumulation of secondary metabolites in the new growth conditions. The aim of the work was to establish whether the plants of L. maackii introduced in the steppe zone could reproduce the health promoting properties. The essential oil from the fruits of L. maackii was obtained by hydro distillation method. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions isolated from the aqueous distillate of L. maackii fruits were analyzed by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS analysis). Chemical constituents identified in ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction represented 98.6% and 94.2 % of the total compounds content, respectively. Among the most abundant components were hexadecane, acetic acid, butyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, linoleic acid, and linoleic acid methyl ester in the and the alkanes heptacosane, hexadecane, and tetradecane in chloroform fraction. Linoleic acid and some minor constituents of L. maackii fruit essential oil, such as ethyl-isoallocholate, arachidic acid, linalool and d-mannitol-1-decylsulfonyl are well known because of their reported bioactivities. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was assessed against several clinical and collection bacterial and fungal strains. The results of disc-diffusion assays showed low to moderate activity of L. maackii fruit essential oil against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, as well as against fungal itraconazole-resistant clinical strain of Candida albicans. Thus, the essential oil derived from Lonicera maackii fruits may serve as potential resource of bioactive compounds having beneficial properties, in particular, the ability to overcome the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to drugs. Further research is needed to identify the full range of bioactivities of the essential oil obtained from honeysuckle fruits.

Identification and quantification of anthocyanins in honeysuckle under the conditions of Tomsk Province

Background. Honeysuckle is a promising berry crop for food and medical uses, which has recently become increasingly popular. Searching for sources with high content of bioactive substances to obtain new fruit cultivars with improved chemical composition continues to be relevant. Anthocyanin content and composition in honeysuckle cultivars depend on many factors, including plant reproduction conditions (temperature and humidity). Studying chemical composition of Siberian honeysuckle cultivars grown under the conditions of Western Siberia will make it possible to identify sources of high BAS content for various uses.Materials and methods. The target materials of the study were fruits of 21 honeysuckle cultivars grown in Western Siberia before and after freezing. The qualitative and quantitative composition of anthocyanins was assessed in ethanol extracts of honeysuckle fruits using HPLC technique.Results. The content of anthocyanins was higher in the fruits of honeysuckle grown in Western Siberia compared with the published data for the same cultivars reproduced in Belgorod Province (Central Black Earth Region). After freezing, the anthocyanin level in honeysuckle fruits remained the same and in some cases even increased.Conclusions. The obtained data helped to ascertain that honeysuckle fruits reproduced in Western Siberia are valuable sources of such bioactive compounds as anthocyanins.

Research on the biodiversity of blue honeysuckle growing in Siberia

The article presents the results of a study of intraspecific biodiversity and chemostructure of natural populations of blue honeysuckle. The level of variability of morphological and chemical characteristics of blue honeysuckle has been studied. Morphological signs of blue honeysuckle were determined depending on the growing area: bush height, bush diameter, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, weight of 10 seeds. Changes in the chemical composition of blue honeysuckle fruits: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are considered.

Biological Properties of Honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.): A Review: The nutrition, health properties of honeysuckle

The honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, has been used for a long time in Chinese, Japanese and Russian folk medicine. Nowadays, the fruits of honeysuckle are becoming more and more popular also in Europe – mainly in Poland, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia because of valuable medicinal properties and they are popularly used as an ingredient of dietary supplements and medicinal preparations. The fruits of Lonicera caerulea are rich in phenolics, especially anthocyanins and vitamin C. The major bioactive anthocyanin of haskap is cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G). Consumption of high amounts of an antioxidant substance may have a positive impact on human health, particularly the prevention of cancer and inflammatory diseases. The berries of blue honeysuckle containing a significant amount of biologically active substances can be included into the group of so-called "superfruits". Consumers are constantly seeking better alternatives, healthier products of plant origin, to rule out negative aspects, and this will be an alternative to widely existing food products. In addition, the growing interest of producers in new products rich in health-promoting properties makes them more attractive to the consumer. The content and health properties of the fruit were identified to be dependent on the cultivar, genotype, and the place of harvesting. This paper reviews and highlights the limited nutritional and therapeutic information currently available on the honeysuckle.

Biochemical value of berries of promising edible honeysuckle varieties for the production of functional food products

Lonicera edulis L. occupies a special place among sparsely distributed garden crops in the middle horticulture zone of Russia. The main advantages of the culture are its long maturation period, long fruiting period, high plasticity, value of the biochemical composition of berries. The paper presents experimental data on the biochemical composition of honeysuckle berries of the new generation introduced under the conditions of the Central Chernozem Region. Varieties with high levels of soluble dry substances, sugars, ascorbic acid, flavonols are noted. Prospects of obtaining functional food products using fresh honeysuckle fruits are considered. “Honeysuckle” fruit drink and low-calorie jams with high antioxidant activity are obtained.

A sustainable and efficient preparation process of anthocyanins from blue honeysuckle fruit and comprehensive bioactivity assessment

In the present study, an integrated process for preparation of anthocyanins components from blue honeysuckle fruits using deep eutectic solvent-based negative pressure cavitation extraction (DES-NPCE) was explored rationally. Single factor optimization combined with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) were applied to confirm the influential parameters. The maximum extraction yields of total anthocyanins and main constituent cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) reached 6.601 mg/g and 4.839 mg/g, which were 1.197–1.565 folds of other conventional methods. Moreover, the anthocyanins products exhibited higher stability from DES-NPCE extraction than that of conventional extraction solvents, which was conducive to the preservation and utilization of anthocyanins. After enrichment with macroporous resin D101, the contents of total anthocyanins and C3G reached 25.72% and 19.05%, and the recovery yields were 81.35% and 82.24%, respectively. Furthermore, the anthocyanins products exhibited more powerful chemical and cellular antioxidant activities, which were similar or stronger than that of positive control Vc or BHT. These results revealed that the proposed process was definitely an efficient and sustainable strategy for the stabilization preparation of thermo sensitive biologically active natural products. The developed method has also proved to have sufficient potential for application in food, nutrition and pharmaceutical industries.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Edible Honeysuckle Monitored through RAPD in Relative to Bioactive Substances

This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of selected cultivars and clones of Lonicera sp. (edible honeysuckle) from two countries with different climatic and soil conditions. Accordingly, the determination of total polyphenols content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in fruits of Lonicera sp. in 2018–2019 was performed. Applied statistical methods evaluating TPC and TAA were: correlation and regression, ANOVA, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. The neighbor-joining method and gel images analysis (PyElph software, Pavel and Vasile, Bucharest, Romania) were used for genetic analysis. The average TPC of all cultivars and clones was 5.32 mg L−1 in the year 2018 and 3.78 mg L−1 in 2019. The average TAA values of all samples in 2018 were 8.24 mg L−1, and 9.27 mg L−1 in 2019. Statistically significant correlations between years and cultivars and clones were found. Based on the lengths and number of fragments by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR’s, it was found that ‘clone 5’ and ‘clone 7’ were genetically close to the grown cultivars from the Czech Republic. Therefore, edible honeysuckle fruits are a valuable source of important nutrients for the human body and its health.

Исторический опыт и перспективы использования плодов жимолости в медицине

An analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature revealed a significant number of studies aimed at studying the composition of biologically active substances of honeysuckle fruits, assessing their antioxidant potential, as well as identifying the features of pharmacological action. Despite the presence of cardio- and neuroprotective, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial and antidiabetic properties of the studied raw materials, honeysuckle fruits are not used in official medical practice, which determines the relevance and prospects for further research aimed at developing methods of standardization of raw materials, which will allow to develop new medicines derived from honeysuckle fruits.

The impact of drying on bioactive compounds of blue honeysuckle berries (Lonicera caerulea var. edulis Turcz. ex Herder)

Drying fruit is one of the simplest ways to extend the shelf-life of fruit, especially berries. Both higher temperature and time of heating significantly change the contents of some primary and secondary metabolites in honeysuckle fruit. Differences in their contents arising from different heat treatments were determined with the aid of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrophotometry (MS). The content of sugars showed a small change with drying, while organic acid contents decreased with a longer drying time. Ascorbic acid was totally degraded, regardless of the time or heating temperature. Different phenolic groups responded differently to heat intensity and time of drying. Flavanols were more sensitive to higher temperature than to duration of heating and they decreased by more than 70% at 75 °C. In contrast, the content of hydroxycinnamic acids, increased with drying by more than 75%, regardless of the time and temperature.

Effect of modified (MAP) and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on the quality and bioactive compounds of blue honeysuckle fruits (Lonicera caerulea L.)

Lonicera caerulea L. is new edible species, which is cultivated for its healthy properties of fruit; however the fresh fruit is characterized by short shelf-life. Therefore the studies were undertaken to extend post-harvest permanence of fresh honeysuckle fruit. The experiments were carried out to assess the quality of fruits of four blue honeysuckle cultivars after short-term storage in controlled (20 % CO2 and 5 % O2) (CA) and modified atmosphere (MAP) in Xtend bags. Storage in a normal atmosphere (NA) served as control conditions. Significant impact of storage condition and cultivars on individual qualitative traits as well as the content of bioactive components and antioxidant activity of fruits has been demonstrated. The cultivar 'Vostorg' maintained the firmness of the fruit, while the cultivar 'Indigo Gem' maintained soluble solids content, but this last cultivar was characterized by large losses of fruit weight, resulting from the size and shape of the berry. The controlled atmosphere condition has contributed to a significant reduction in fruit respiration intensity during storage. The results indicated that MAP condition, in relation to NA condition, had a more favorable effect on the content of bioactive components (total anthocyanins) and thus on the antioxidant activity of fruits using FRAP method.

The study of the polyphenolic complex and iridoid glycosides in various cultivars of edible honeysuckle fruits Lonicera edulis Turcz. ex Freyn

The high content of minor biologically active substances in the fruits of wild-growing and cultivated varieties of honeysuckle, along with the low knowledge of the chemical composition of domestic varieties, determines the relevance of the study of their qualitative and quantitative composition. The aim of the work was to study the detailed composition of the main groups of biologically active polyphenolic compounds [anthocyanins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), proanthocyanidins] and iridoids in various cultivars of domestic edible honeysuckle fruits (Lonicera edulis Turcz. Ex Freyn). Material and methods. 15 samples of frozen fruits of edible honeysuckle harvested in Tambov, Voronezh, Moscow regions and Karelia were investigated. The total content of polyphenolic compounds (in terms of gallic acid equivalents) was determined by the modified Folin-Ciocalteu method, the total content of monomeric anthocyanins (in terms of cyanidin-3-glucoside) - by pH-differential spectrophotometry, proanthocyanidins (in terms of procyanidin B2) - by the modified Bate-Smith method. The profiles of individual anthocyanins, iridoids, flavonoids and HCAs was determined by HPLC-DAD/TOF-MS. The carbohydrate profile by capillary electrophoresis and antiradical activity in DPPH test in vitro were investigated as well. Results and discussion. The main groups of polyphenolic compounds were anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was found as predominant among anthocyanins (>85% of their sum). Substantial amounts of iridoids (from 78.0 till 341.8 mg/100 g) were found in the honeysuckle examined. The loganic acid and loganine prevailed among iridoids. The total content of flavonoids varied in the range of 9.2- 46.6 mg/100 g, the main of which was rutin. Among HCAs chlorogenic acid prevailed, which accounted for 85.7-90.4% of the total amount of HCAs (45.9-79.8 mg/100 g). A correlation was found between the amount of polyphenolic compounds and the antiradical properties of honeysuckle fruits in DPPH test. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study the most promising varieties of domestic honeysuckle in terms of the highest content of polyphenolic antioxidants and iridoids with potential anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial and other types of biological activity were determined for the first time.

Уміст біологічно активних речовин у плодах традиційних і малопоширених у культурі плодових порід

The purpose. To determine and examine the content of biologically active agents (BAA) (ascorbic acid, poly-phenolums) in fruits of seeded plants, stone fruit crops, berrylike and rare in crop fruit grades. To select those of them, which contain genetically great amount of vitamin C and polyphenolic matters. Methods. Laboratory, comparative, generalizing. Analytical researches executed within the last 2 decades in laboratory of technique of storage and processing of fruits and baccas. Objects of researches were 24 fruit, berrylike and rare in crop fruit grades. Results. By the lead researches it is established that the content of ascorbic acid was the least at fruits of seeded plants and stone crops (7 and 6 mg/100 g accordingly), and the highest — at berrylike crops (55,8 mg/100), maximum quantity of poly-phenolums contain baccas of rare grades (489 mg/100). Among berrylike crops great amount of vitamin C in conditions of Ukraine is accumulated with fruits of black currant — 87–243 mg/100. More than 200 mg/100 g of that vitamin in separate years accumulate baccas of grades Vladimirskaya, Chereshnevaya, Yubileynaya Kopania, Amethyst and Sofiyevskaya. More than 1000 mg/100 g of polyphenolic matters were contained with fruits of grades of honeysuckle Bogdana, Fialka and Pavlovskaya. Amount of anthocyans in the given spectrum of poly-phenolums of baccas of honeysuckle makes 120–200, chalcones — 25–85 mg/100 g. Conclusions. It is established that significant source of ascorbic acid can be fruits of sea buckthorn under condition of growing grades which baccas differ genetically timbered great amount of the given vitamin, and also baccas of black currant, wild strawberry and red currant. Greater r-activity (more than 1000 mg/100 g) have fruits of viburnum, honeysuckle and persimmon. In particular, baccas of honeysuckle and viburnum have high minimum of their content — 504 and 600 mg/100 g accordingly, coefficient of variation of amount of poly-phenolums in both crops — 30%.