Status Of Fruits Research Articles

Predicting the Quality of Fruit using Machine Learning

Early fruit quality classification is essential on fruit shops, markets and industrial purpose. This research focuses on the fruit recognition and fruit status of fruits quality that was present in fruit as well as the database store the information about the fruit status to identify the quality. The quality heavily determines the duration of practical helpfulness in advance distribute a price for fruits, so quality predicting and recognition of products is critical at all stages of processing. Fruit quality can be affected by environmental conditions, mineral levels, insects in the farm area, and a variety of several parts. Machine learning techniques are used to determine the collected data from the train and test data is stored in a storage. Automation in agriculture science improve the country's quality, economic growth, and productivity. Fruit assortment has an impact on the export on malls, fruit shops and industries. The consumer selection, wholesale value and choice. Even though humans can check the quality grade, they are uncertain, duration intensive, changeable, individual, inconvenient, high cost and simply make conversation with their neighbouring. As a result, a smart grading system is required. The various researchers have used computer vision into develop algorithms for classifying and grading in recent years. In the present paper provides a complete overview of fruit recognition and status of the fruit are given that addressed fruit recognition and status based on the colour, structure, dimensions, shape, and ripe such as image processing, acquisition, image noise removing, image segmentation, characteristic extracting, and classifier. In this section we looked at various fruit images and used segmentation to classify them as quality using Convolutional neural network (CNN) techniques.

Multiple DNA marker-assisted diversity analysis of Indian mango (Mangifera indica L.) populations

Arbitrary (65 RAPD, 25 ISSR, 23 DAMD), gene-targeted (22 SCoT, 33 CBDP) and co-dominant sequence specific (40 SSR) markers were used individually, or in combinations, to examine the genetic variability within and among 70 selected Indian mango genotypes based on geographic origin (East India, West India, North India, South India) and fruit status (Selection, Hybrid, Landrace). The highest genetic variability was demonstrated by the East Indian populations, followed by those from South India, West India, and North India, when measured in terms of Na, Ne, H, I, PB%, Ht and Hs. Interestingly, the local genotypes of Odisha, which forms a part of East Indian populations, showed the highest diversity compared to hybrid or selection groups, suggesting that the indigenous genotypes hold a greater potential for exploiting the unique and favourable alleles. The maximum genetic variability was detected in geographical/fruit status populations with SSRs (Na—1.76/1.88, Ne—1.48/1.51, H—0.28/0.30, I—0.41/0.45, PB%—76.1/86.9, Ht—0.31/0.32 and Hs—0.28/0.30), followed by CBDPs and SCoTs, reflecting their preeminence for examining the level of genetic polymorphism and diversity. Outcome of AMOVA based analyses as well as low-to-moderate coefficient of genetic differentiation (Gst) and high gene flow (Nm) indicated a greater amount of intra-population genetic variation compared to heterogeneity at inter-population level. Information generated through this investigation could facilitate conservation and further exploitation of mango germplasm including genetic improvement through breeding.

Calcium in the “soil-plant” system of apple orchard when using nitrogen and potash fertilizers

The experiment was carried out to study the relationship between the soil calcium conditions and the content of this element in fruit and leaves of apple trees at ground fertilization with nitrogen and potassium. The experimental orchard is located in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Oryol region). The soil of the orchard is Loamy haplic luvisol with a slightly acidic reaction and a high content of organic matter. Fruit plantations are represented by apple trees of ‘Sinap orlovsky’ variety on rootstock 54-118 planted in 2013. Ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride were used as soil fertilizers and applied early in spring at doses of N30K40, N60K80 and N90K120. Annually from 2016 to 2019, the content of exchangeable and water-soluble Ca compounds in the orchard soil and the total element content in leaves and fruits were determined. With the annual application of nitrogen and potash fertilizers the changes in the conditions of apple tree calcium nutrition occured already in the first years after treatments. The changes lay in increasing the calcium mobility and subsequent decrease in the element’s concentration in the root zone. At the same time, there was an annual decrease in the calcium status of fruits. The Ca content in fruits was positively correlated with the content in the soil of exchange (r = 0.43; P<0.05) and water-soluble (r = 0.51; P<0.01) forms of the element. There was no statistically significant relationship between the studied soil calcium forms and element content in apple leaves.

Comparison of Key Mineral Elements in Wild Edible Fruits of Ziziphus Mauritiana and Z. Nummularia Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Flame Photometer

ABSTRACT Wild fruits, directly or in combination with other foodstuff, are used by many people living in the rural regions of tropical countries to address food and income insecurity. The composition of wild fruits needs to be analyzed and compared with the composition of other traditional fruits. In the present study, we investigated the nutritional status of fruits of two wild species (eight populations) of Ziziphus mauritiana (ZM) and Z. nummularia (ZN) from the different locations of Northwest India, which were denoted as ZM-1, ZM-3, ZM-11, ZN-4, ZN-5, ZN-10, ZN-13, and ZN-14 depending on species and location. ZM-3 emerged the highest moisture content while ZM-11 showed the highest ash content. ZN-14 presented the highest crude fiber and vitamin C contents. ZN-13 exhibited the highest crude fiber content. The concentration of potassium (2456.250 ± 36.044 mg/100 g), sodium (139.257 ± 2.575 mg/100 g), copper (6.733 ± 0.097 mg/100 g), and zinc (2.223 ± 0.085 mg/100 g) was found to be highest in Z. mauritiana, and the amount of calcium (428.350 ± 2.037 mg/100 g), magnesium (110.947 ± 1.086 mg/100 g), iron (9.657 ± 0.244 mg/100 g), manganese (2.623 ± 0.067 mg/100 g), and zinc (2.223 ± 0.085 mg/100 g) was highest in Z. nummularia. Results provide an indication of the nutritional value of the wild edible fruits of Ziziphus mauritiana and Z. nummularia from different populations and can be used to promote these wild fruits for domestication.

Association between perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectations and outcome evaluation and fruit and vegetables consumption in adolescent girls

Unfortunately just a few number of children and adolescents use sufficient amounts of fruit and vegetables. This study aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetables consumption and perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectations and outcome evaluation in adolescent girls in Shahrekord city.This is a descriptive analytic study conducted on 308 high school girls (first grade) who were selected by cluster sampling method in Shahrekord, Iran in 2013-2014. A researcher made questionnaire was used to collect the needed data like demographic variables, substructures of perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectations and outcome evaluation. In order to investigate the fruit and vegetables consumption status, the standard questionnaire of FFQ was used. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 18 software, using descriptive and analytic tests such as one way variance analysis, Pearson and Spearman correlation. The mean scores of fruit and vegetables consumption and vegetables consumption were reported as 1.45±0.68 and 1.47±0.95 respectively as well. There was a direct significant association between adolescents’ perceived self-efficacy and outcome expectations. A direct significant association was also observed between fruit consumption and both outcome evaluation and perceived self-efficacy Regarding the status of fruit and vegetables consumption and the mean scores of outcome evaluation, outcome expectations and perceived self-efficacy in adolescents which was low, and also the importance of promoting healthy diet in the critical period of adolescence, it seems necessary to use efficient patterns and theories of health education and promotion in which the roles of individuals, family and environment has been considered.

Application of GA3, AVG and choline chloride to peach trees: Effects on nutritional status of fruit

ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to determine the effects of plant regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA3), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and choline chloride (CC) on the nutrient components in the fruit of ‘Monroe’ peach under Isparta in Turkey ecological condition. AVG at doses of 0, 100, 150 and 200 ppm, GA3 at doses of 0, 100, 200, 300 ppm and CC at doses of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 pmm was sprayed on the peaches 7, 21 and 30 days before commercial harvests. All concentrations of AVG treatments were found to increase the amount of nitrogen in fruits. In general, it was observed that CC and GA3 applications reduced the amount of calcium in fruits, however, AVG applications were found to not be effective. In the first year, the statistically significant of AVG treatments was seen on magnesium content only. It was determined in our study that AVG and CC treatments reduced copper content in peach fruits, all applications decreased the amount of manganese, 100 ppm AVG application increased the element zinc, and all of CC applications minimized the amount of that element.

Field-Grown Grapevine Berries Use Carotenoids and the Associated Xanthophyll Cycles to Acclimate to UV Exposure Differentially in High and Low Light (Shade) Conditions.

Light quantity and quality modulate grapevine development and influence berry metabolic processes. Here we studied light as an information signal for developing and ripening grape berries. A Vitis vinifera Sauvignon Blanc field experiment was used to identify the impacts of UVB on core metabolic processes in the berries under both high light (HL) and low light (LL) microclimates. The primary objective was therefore to identify UVB-specific responses on berry processes and metabolites and distinguish them from those responses elicited by variations in light incidence. Canopy manipulation at the bunch zone via early leaf removal, combined with UVB-excluding acrylic sheets installed over the bunch zones resulted in four bunch microclimates: (1) HL (control); (2) LL (control); (3) HL with UVB attenuation and (4) LL with UVB attenuation. Metabolite profiles of three berry developmental stages showed predictable changes to known UV-responsive compound classes in a typical UV acclimation (versus UV damage) response. Interestingly, the berries employed carotenoids and the associated xanthophyll cycles to acclimate to UV exposure and the berry responses differed between HL and LL conditions, particularly in the developmental stages where berries are still photosynthetically active. The developmental stage of the berries was an important factor to consider in interpreting the data. The green berries responded to the different exposure and/or UVB attenuation signals with metabolites that indicate that the berries actively managed its metabolism in relation to the exposure levels, displaying metabolic plasticity in the photosynthesis-related metabolites. Core processes such as photosynthesis, photo-inhibition and acclimation were maintained by differentially modulating metabolites under the four treatments. Ripe berries also responded metabolically to the light quality and quantity, but mostly formed compounds (volatiles and polyphenols) that have direct antioxidant and/or “sunscreening” abilities. The data presented for the green berries and those for the ripe berries conform to what is known for UVB and/or light stress in young, active leaves and older, senescing tissues respectively and provide scope for further evaluation of the sink/source status of fruits in relation to photosignalling and/or stress management.

Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae), Infestation in Host Fruits in the Southwestern Islands of Japan Before the Initiation of Island-wide Population Suppression, as Recorded in Publications of Japanese Public Institutions.

Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is a tephritid fruit fly native to the Indo-Malayan region. Its distribution, though, has extended to include Africa, temperate Asia, and a number of Pacific islands. It became established in Japan in 1919 in the Yaeyama Islands and spread north in the Southwestern Islands of Japan. It was subsequently eradicated from these islands by an eradication program that extended from 1972 to 1993. As part of an effort to develop a worldwide database on the status of fruits as hosts of melon fly, the infestation data gathered from host fruits collected in this eradication program, before the initiation of suppression activities, are summarized here. Bactrocera cucurbitae infestation was documented in 24 plant taxa of four plant families (Caricaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae, and Solanaceae), with the following four new hosts identified: Ficus erecta Thunb., F. pumila L. (Moraceae), Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae), and Zehneria liukiuensis Jeffrey ex Walker (Cucurbitaceae).

CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE AND GAS EXCHANGES IN 'ABBÉ FÉTEL' AND 'CONFERENCE' PEARS STORED IN ATMOSPHERE DYNAMICALLY CONTROLLED WITH THE AID OF FLUORESCENCE SENSORS

A new technology for monitoring the physiological status of fruit during storage (HarvestWatch™ system with FIRM™ sensors, Satlantic, Canada) was used to detect anaerobic stress in pears by the increase in fluorescence response (Fα). Two pear cultivars were studied: 'Conference', a long-term storage cultivar, and 'Abbe Fetel', which cannot be stored longer than 4 months in air. The fruit were stored in air at -0.5°C after harvest until 18 November 2002, then in 4 gastight containers (2 per cultivar). In each container there was a fluorescence sensor in a box with 6-7 fruits. One container per cultivar was kept with a standard CA (2 kPa O 2 ; 0.7 kPa CO 2 ); in the other, after 3 weeks with standard CA, the oxygen concentration was decreased. On 10 February ten fruits per container were sampled, and gas exchange was measured at -0.5°C on single fruit in known gas mixtures (100 kPa N 2 , O 2 at 0.1, 0.5, 2 and 21 kPa, with 0 and 5 kPa CO 2 ). 'Abbe Fetel' fruit had higher gas exchange rates and were more sensitive to low O 2 , experiencing and increase in fluorescence response at higher O 2 level than 'Conference' fruits. The sensitivity to low oxygen levels was confirmed by respiratory quotient, which increased at O 2 levels similar to those which stimulated the change in fluorescence response. Therefore it seems that Fα measures a response to the low O 2 stress which induces anaerobic respiration. The fluorescence monitoring system may have potential to detect physiological limits for aerobic respiration. A CA system with excellent tightness, analytical accuracy and control is needed to implement the HarvestWatch system. However, even under optimal atmospheric control, the small number of fruit that can be monitored may present challenges to successful implementation if sample fruit are not representative of the bulk of fruit in storage.

A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR GRAPE INSPECTION AND SORTING CLASSIFICATION

Sorting and classification of fruits are the main problem specially for Superiorand King Ruby varieties which represent more than 50% of grape production inEgypt. A usual procedure to carry out this task is based on human visual inspectionconsidering general fruit attributes like color, size, shape, firmness and sugar contentof grape cluster. Color contains important information about fruit status and in somecases it is decisive for fruit quality differences. This paper provides a new techniqueto investigate the applicability of color classification, sugar content and firmness ofgrape. Standard RGB color chart, artificial neural network and a potential of nearinfrared(NIR) reflectance as a means for nondestructive measurements of grapefirmness and sugar content were used. NIR spectral data were collected from the twovarieties of grape in the spectral region between 800 nm and 1700 nm. Statisticalmodels were developed using the partial least square method to predict the firmnessand sugar content of grape. The models gave relatively good predictions of thefirmness of both Superior and King Ruby, with corresponding r values of 0.80 and0.65. The NIR models gave excellent prediction for grape sugar content with valuesof 0.71 % and 0.65 % Brix for Superior and King Ruby, respectively.

The effect of fruit maturity on quality and colour shift of dried ‘Patterson’ apricot during eight months of cold storage

SummaryFresh ‘Patterson’ apricot was harvested at three fruit maturity levels and characterized with measurements of flesh colour, Brix, acidity and levels of specific sugars. Fruit from the three maturity classes were sun-dried under uniform conditions. Dry fruit was again analysed for the content of specific sugars before cold storage. Stored fruit were sampled periodically for colour coordinates L*, C* and H° during an eight-month period. The study was repeated for two harvest seasons. In each season, significant differences (P≤0.05) were observed between the three fruit maturity classes for Brix, acidity, C* and H8. Levels of specific sugars varied significantly (P≤0.01) with regard to fruit maturity class, tissue type and fruit status. Regression analysis of colour coordinate changes during the storage period indicated significant (P≤0.05) differences in rate of colour shift of L*, C* and H8 relative to fruit maturity class. While dried fruit of the immature class was of substandard quality after the storage period, both medium and most mature dry fruit were of sufficient quality to warrant marketing even after eight months of cold storage.

Part III. Effect of Borax Sprays on the Boron Status of Fruit and Incidence of “Internal Cork” in Apples

Part III. Effect of Borax Sprays on the Boron Status of Fruit and Incidence of “Internal Cork” in Apples