Multiple DNA marker-assisted diversity analysis of Indian mango (Mangifera indica L.) populations

Ram Chandra Jena,Pradeep Kumar Chand

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89470-3

Abstract

Arbitrary (65 RAPD, 25 ISSR, 23 DAMD), gene-targeted (22 SCoT, 33 CBDP) and co-dominant sequence specific (40 SSR) markers were used individually, or in combinations, to examine the genetic variability within and among 70 selected Indian mango genotypes based on geographic origin (East India, West India, North India, South India) and fruit status (Selection, Hybrid, Landrace). The highest genetic variability was demonstrated by the East Indian populations, followed by those from South India, West India, and North India, when measured in terms of Na, Ne, H, I, PB%, Ht and Hs. Interestingly, the local genotypes of Odisha, which forms a part of East Indian populations, showed the highest diversity compared to hybrid or selection groups, suggesting that the indigenous genotypes hold a greater potential for exploiting the unique and favourable alleles. The maximum genetic variability was detected in geographical/fruit status populations with SSRs (Na—1.76/1.88, Ne—1.48/1.51, H—0.28/0.30, I—0.41/0.45, PB%—76.1/86.9, Ht—0.31/0.32 and Hs—0.28/0.30), followed by CBDPs and SCoTs, reflecting their preeminence for examining the level of genetic polymorphism and diversity. Outcome of AMOVA based analyses as well as low-to-moderate coefficient of genetic differentiation (Gst) and high gene flow (Nm) indicated a greater amount of intra-population genetic variation compared to heterogeneity at inter-population level. Information generated through this investigation could facilitate conservation and further exploitation of mango germplasm including genetic improvement through breeding.

Highlights

Mango (Mangifera indica L., Family: Anacardiaceae, Order: Sapindales), is one the most important fruit crops, and referred to as ‘King of fruits’ in the tropical world1
The present study demonstrates the usefulness of DNA marker systems for elucidation of the genetic variability within and among Indian mango populations based on their geographic origin or status of the fruit
The maximum genetic heterogeneity perceived for East Indian populations of mango genotypes, including local elites of the State of Odisha, indicates that they hold the highest proficiency to adapt and evolve compared to other geographical populations

Summary

Introduction

Mango (Mangifera indica L., Family: Anacardiaceae, Order: Sapindales), is one the most important fruit crops, and referred to as ‘King of fruits’ in the tropical world. Documentation in form of molecular atlas, as DNA fingerprints, generated for elite mango genotypes and local landraces hold significance in context of ascertaining genetic authenticity (trueness-to-type) of the conserved germplasm. Information on the extent and structure of genetic variation in germplasm collections is essential for the effective conservation, efficient management and prospective utilization of biodiversity in any crop species. Determination of the extent of genetic diversity in fruit crop populations is essential to guide strategies for their conservation and sustainable utilization for genetic improvement. Understanding the relative significance of specific processes, such as inbreeding, gene flow, genetic drift, and selection that structure diversity within and among populations can deliver means to evaluate future risk of erosion of diversity and to design effective conservation approaches for rare taxa. George et al. suggested that examining the extent of genetic diversity within and among populations can help in understanding evolutionary contrivances, such as genetic drift and can serve as an indicator of the extent of gene flow and population divergence

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Discussion

Conclusion