Fruit Oil Research Articles

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF FIVE VARIETIES OF Olea europaea L. FRUITS AND OIL COMPOSITION GROWN IN DISTRICT LORALAI, BALOCHISTAN

Olive, a premium oilseed crop is being grown in Pakistan for two decades. The scientists are convinced that Balochistan, is most suited for olive cultivation in Pakistan. It is estimated that about 86 varieties and 19 cultivars of Olive are being under plantation in the country. However, there is not much research data available for the varietal comparison in the agro-ecological situation in Balochistan especially Loralai. In order to investigate 05 promising olive exotic and locally acclimatized varieties under Loralai conditions, for their qualitative characteristics and quantitative traits, a study was conducted in the Katvi Farm Loralai. In this respect the technological/morphological and qualitative traits of all five cultivars Sorani, Carolea, Biancolilla, Koronieki and Kaissy were determined. The results after the analysis of data depicted that Kaissy is the largest sized fruits 26mm with thickest pulp amongst the five tested varieties followed by Carolea 25mm whereas, Koroneiki produced higher number of fruits with smaller size of 13mm and thinner pulp. Biancolilla gave highest yield/tree 23.3 followed by Carolea and the lowest yield was given by Kaissy variety. Oil % age was highest for Sorani (11.67%), followed by Biancolilla with % age values 9.33. Chemical analysis revealed that acidity of oil samples of all five cultivars was <0.3, peroxide value of 20 except for kaissy >20. Maximum Polphenols contents were found in Sorani variety. K270 value was lower in all cultivars. In this study, Sorani was found to be most productive in terms of higher yield and highest oil content, while Kaissy is recommended for dual purposes owing to its bigger sized fruit and moderate oil production. It is recommended that Sorani variety of Olea Europea may be cultivated under environmental conditions of Loralai to get maximum economic and health benefits.

The effect of some superior pollinizers genotypes on oil content, fatty acids and fruit elements of walnut seed parents MSG15, MKG23 and MKG24

The effect of some superior pollinizers genotypes on oil content, fatty acids and fruit elements of walnut seed parents MSG15, MKG23 and MKG24

The Utilization of Red Fruit (Pandanus Conoideus Lam) Extract for Making Goat’s Milk Kefir

Abstract Red fruit extract is a by-product from red fruit oil production process. Red fruit extract contains active compounds that are important for health. It has potential to be developed as functional food. Kefir is categorized in one of functional food because it has a healthy effect. Kefir can be made from various types of milk, and one of them is goat’s milk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, total lactic acid bacteria and organoleptic characteristics for goat’s milk kefir with added red fruit. The treatment in this study was the addition red fruit liquid extract as much as 0% (control), 2.5% and 5%. The results showed that all total lactic acid bacteria is more than 1 million population per ml so that it can be declared as a probiotic functional food. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the panelists preferred goat’s milk kefir products with the addition of 2.5% red fruit liquid extract. The conclusion obtained from this research was that the best concentration of red fruit liquid extract is 2.5% which produces goat’s milk kefir which is in accordance with standard and favored by panelists.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Input Data Analisa Tandan Untuk Pemilihan Pohon Induk di PT. Palma Inti Lestari (PT. PIL)

The palm plantation is a major commodity in the Riau province where PT. Palma Inti Lestari (PT. PIL) take a role as a production unit of palm oil sprouts. Sprouts produced by PT. PIL have gone through the research and testing phase, first. The best quality sprouts come from the best quality parent tree. To get the parent tree with the best quality, then researched the palm oil fruit from different palm trees in one month. In determining the best quality parent tree, determined by lab officials through a series of data analysis. The data is oil content data, thin shell, big fruit, And that's a lot of credit. It replicates the data from this research as well (thousand). Right now, the research records are still manual, where data from the field is input to the computer using Microsoft Excel. Given the amount of research data that should be inserted one by one into the excel table, with a storage system done only by stand alone computer, causing a riot/probably an error in input data. As one solution resolves error in input data with resource state in the field, then an application is created to facilitate employees as operators in the input data of cluster analysis that will later be selected to make parent trees in producing quality sprouts. This data input application is designed using UML and built using VBA that supports Microsoft Access Applications

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Fruits from Vitex agnus-castus L., Growing in Two Regions in Bulgaria.

The chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae family) fruits, collected from two regions in Bulgaria (south-central and north-east Bulgaria), was investigated. The content of proteins (5.3–7.4%), carbohydrates (73.9–78.8%), fiber (47.2–49.9%), ash (2.5–3.0%), essential oils (0.5%), and vegetable oil (3.8–5.0%) were identified in the fruits. The composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Vitex fruits from both regions was determined; the main compounds were 1,8-cineole (16.9–18.8%), α-pinene (7.2–16.6%), sabinene (6.7–14.5%), and bicyclogermacrene (7.3–9.0%), but significant differences in the quantitative and qualitative composition of EOs between the regions were found. The EOs of plants from north-east Bulgaria demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic species Salmonella abony, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, but the Gram-negative bacteria Esсherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited resistance to the oil. Linoleic acid predominated in vegetable oil from both regions, followed by oleic acid. β-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol were the main components in the sterol and tocopherol fraction of the lipids. Phosphatidic acids were the main components in the vegetable oil from north-east Bulgaria, while in the vegetable oil from south-central Bulgaria, all phospholipids were found in almost the same quantity. Overall, significant differences were observed in the chemical composition (proteins, carbohydrates, ash and moisture) of the fruits from the two regions of Bulgaria, as well as in the content of the main components of their essential and vegetable oils.

A Study on the Evaluation of Polyenoic Vegetable Oils and Their Female Health Benefits Based on Time Series Analysis Model: The Case of Peony Seed Oil.

Polyenoic vegetable oils mainly contain polyenoic acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid, as well as active ingredients such as VE, phytosterols, mineral elements, and squalene. Among them, schisandra oil, kiwi seed oil, grape seed oil, maitake fruit oil, and evening primrose seed oil all contain up to 80% or more polyenoic acids. Studies have shown that polygenic vegetable oils have the effects of assisting in lowering blood lipids, antioxidation, delaying ageing, anti-inflammation, sun protection, moisturizing, slimming and weight loss, etc. They can be widely used in nutritional and healthy edible oils, health food, skin care, and cosmetic products and have great prospects for development and utilization. This paper explores the application of artificial neural networks in the analysis of data. A nonlinear time series prediction method based on the BP algorithm is proposed. The prediction accuracy is much higher than that of the traditional method.

Nutritional Profiles of Non-Dairy Plant-Based Cheese Alternatives

With the growing interest in non-dairy products, there has been a surge of interest in consumers seeking plant-based cheese alternatives spurred by a desire to improve individual health and achieve a more sustainable food supply. The aim of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional survey of non-dairy cheese alternatives available in the United States and to evaluate their nutritional content. A total of 245 non-dairy plant-based cheese alternatives were analyzed using their nutritional facts labels. The various cheese alternatives were based upon coconut oil (n = 106), cashews and coconut (n = 61), cashews (n = 35), oats (n = 16), almonds (n = 7), soy (n = 6), palm fruit oil (n = 5), and other blends (n = 9). Only 3% of these cheese alternatives had 5 g or more of protein, while 19%, 14%, and 1% were fortified with calcium, vitamin B12, and vitamin D, respectively. Almost 60% had high levels of saturated fat, while 15% had low sodium levels. The products based on cashews alone more commonly had the highest protein levels and the lowest sodium and saturated fat levels. Those containing coconut oil more commonly had higher saturated fat and sodium levels and were most frequently fortified with vitamin B12. Few of these products could be considered good dietary sources of either protein or calcium.

Dual Response Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Oil Extraction from Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus): Recovery and Total Phenolic Compounds

Red fruit oil (RFO) is a high-value oil that contains functional compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, providing antioxidant activity. Therefore, an optimal extraction method is essential to recover the RFO and phenolic compounds simultaneously. This research aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for oil from red fruit using the Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology. The studied UAE factors, including sample-to-solvent ratio (1:3, 1:2, and 1:1 g mL−1), extraction temperature (60, 75, and 90 °C), and pulse duty-cycle (0.20, 0.50, and 0.80 s−1). Analysis of variance revealed that the three studied factors significantly influenced the recovered RFO, while the level of total phenolic compounds in the extracts was defined merely by extraction temperature (p < 0.05). These significant factors were then included in the optimization models (R2 > 0.99, lack-of-fit p > 0.05). The proposed UAE setting by the multiresponse optimization was an extraction temperature of 67 °C, a pulse duty-cycle of 0.50 s−1, and a sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:2.5 g mL−1. Subsequently, the extraction kinetic was evaluated, confirming full recovery at 60 min of extraction time. The developed method was then applied to extract six red fruit clones. Mbarugum clones provided high RFO recovery (9.60%), with an uppermost total phenolic compound of (42.63 mg GAE g−1) among the six red fruit clones. Additionally, the resulting RFO showed eminent antioxidant activities, indicated by excellent values of IC50 DPPH (37.69 mg L−1), IC50 FIC (30.43 mg L−1), FRAP reducing power (63.55 mg AAEA g−1), and IC50 ABTS (93.88 mg L−1). In contrast with a wet rendering method, UAE enhanced the RFO recovery by 53.02%, resulting in a higher level of total phenolic compounds. Henceforth, the proposed UAE method is a promising technique to substitute conventional oil production in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Anatomical and Phytochemical Characteristics of Different Parts of Hypericum scabrum L. Extracts, Essential Oils, and Their Antimicrobial Potential

Hypericum (Hypericaceae) is a genus that comprises a high number of species around the world. In this study, the roots, aerial parts, flowers, fruits, and aerial parts with flowers from Hypericum scabrum were macerated separately by methanol and water and then fractionated by different solvents of, such as ethyl acetate, n-hexane, butanol, dichloromethane, aqueous residue sub-extracts, and ethnobotanical use. All the extracts, sub-extracts and essential oils of H. scabrum were investigated for the first time in detail for their antimicrobial, total phenolics, and antioxidant activities. Anatomical structures of the root, stem, leaf, upper and lower leaf surface, stamen, sepal, and petal of H. scabrum were examined. The biochemical layout of essential oils was determined by GC and GC/MS. The antioxidant activity was determined by free radical scavenging activity (by DPPH). Antimicrobial activity was applied against Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659, and C. tropicalis ATCC 750 using microdilution methods. The essentials of the aerial parts, flower, and fruit are characterized by the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons, whereas roots oil include alkanes. The GC-FID and GC-MS analysis showed that major components of roots, aerial parts, flowers, and fruits oils were undecane (66.1%); α-pinene (17.5%), γ-terpinene (17.4%), and α-thujene (16.9%); α-pinene (55.6%), α-thujene (10.9%), and γ-terpinene (7.7%); α-pinene (85.2%), respectively. The aerial part sub-extracts indicated a greater level of total phenolics and antioxidant potential. The n-hexane sub-extracts (from aerial part, flower, and aerial part with flower) showed the best activity against B. subtilis, with 39.06 µg/mL MIC value. The presented research work indicates that H. scabrum can be a novel promising resource of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds.

Literature Review: Pengaruh Pemberian Aromaterapi Sebagai Intervensi Asuhan Keperawatan Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Lansia

Introduction : The aging process is a process marked by a decrease or change in various physical, psychological and social conditions in interacting with other people. Of the various elderly who experience physical changes will affect health and will cause a decrease in welfare so that it can cause psychological problems, one of which is anxiety. Elderly who experience psychological problems such as anxiety, then these conditions can interfere with the daily activities of the elderly. One of the non-pharmacological therapies to reduce anxiety levels that is easy to do and affordable is Aromatherapy. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing anxiety levels in the elderly based on the Literature Review. Methods: Search articles using PubMed, Google Scholar and World Wide Science, then found 8 articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria which were then reviewed. Results: Based on eight reviewed journals, an effective therapy to reduce anxiety levels in the elderly is by giving aromatherapy with fruit and flower essential oils. Discussion: giving aromatherapy can be done 3-7 days and there are some journals that are done for 30 days in a row and given for 10-15 minutes. Conclusion: giving aromatherapy is very effective in reducing anxiety levels in the elderly because the therapy is easy, safe, effective, non-invasive, and can be done by all ages.

Macauba fruits preserved by combining drying and ozonation methods for biodiesel production

ABSTRACT Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) is an oleaginous plant for use in biodiesel production. After harvest, the fruits of this palm tree have high water content, thus attracting microorganisms. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate fruit storage strategies to ensure oil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combined use of drying and ozonation on the quality of macaúba fruit oil used to produce biodiesel. The fruits were dried at 60 °C and subsequently subjected to ozonation (treatments with different dosages and application intervals). The treatments with the combined use of drying and ozonation were efficient in maintaining FFA content below 5% for up to 45 days of storage. Furthermore, these treatments did not affect the oil content in the mesocarp of macauba fruits during 180 days of storage. Thus, the combined technique of drying and ozonation of macauba fruits without epicarps can become a viable alternative post-harvest.

Protein stabilized seabuckthorn fruit oil Nanoemulsion：Preparation, characterization and performance research

Protein-stabilized nanoemulsion was successfully prepared by ultrasound-assisted method under optimal ultrasound conditions, so as to improve the defects of sea buckthorn fruit oil (SBFO) and increase its bioavailability. This paper investigated the performance of nanoemulsion obtained by sodium caseinate (SC) and whey glycoprotein (WGP) at different concentrations, including polymer dispersity index (PDI), particle size, zeta potential (ZP). The SBFO nanoemulsion prepared under the optimal concentration of protein has good microstructure and rheological properties. Under different temperature (20–80 °C), pH (3–9), salinity (50–200 mM) and storage time (4 weeks), the performance of SBFO nanoemulsion has been measured to prove that SBFO nanoemulsion can maintain stable state in most cases. The safety of the SBFO nanoemulsion was evaluated by cytotoxicity (MTT) method and the results showed non-toxic to normal human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293T).

Essential Oils Composition of Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i> DC.) Collection of Bogor Botanic Gardens from Central Java and East Sumba

The Bogor Botanical Gardens' Citrus hystrix collections from East Sumba and Central Java differ in morphology and fruit aroma compared to the common C. hystrix. Hence, this study aimed to determine the essential oils' compositions of C. hystrix originated from Central Java and East Sumba to further clarify these differences. Extraction of essential oils were done using hydro-distillation, and the chemical compositions were investigated using GC-MS. The main compound of the leaf oil from East Sumba and Central Java was Linalool and Citronellal, respectively. Meanwhile, the main constituents were almost identical for the fruit oils, namely L-β-Pinene, D-Limonene, and L-α-Terpineol.

Formulasi Whey Fermentasi dengan Penambahan Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam) sebagai Tabir Surya

Whey produced from cheese processing can be used as non-food products such as sunscreen by fermenting using Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Adding active ingredients such as red fruit oil which contains carotenoids can increase the effectiveness of sunscreen. This study aims to determine the formulation of fermented whey and red fruit oil usage in sunscreen. The study began with the production of fermented whey and sunscreen formulations with ratios of 0, 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 (fermented whey: red fruit oil). Furthermore, observe the organoleptic, antioxidant, SPF, pH, and homogeneity value. Adding fermented whey and red fruit oil showed no significant effect (P>0.05) onthe organoleptic test of aroma, but significantly (P<0.05) on color and texture. The antioxidant activity value test showed significantly different results (P<0.05) with IC50 values classified as moderate to high.Determination of the SPF value of sunscreen showed significantly different results (P<0.05), but this value was classified as low protection. Although there was no significant effect on pH testing (P>0.05), the pH of sunscreen cream indicated that it was suitable for topical application. All samples showed homogeneous results and there were no coarse particles or separation between the oil and water phases. The best sunscreen formulation is 1:1 cream with the highest SPF value of 6.86 and strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 56.15 g/mL. Fermented whey and red fruit oil usage as active ingredients are more effective in increasing the protection of the cream against UV rays and free radicals.

The Impact of Irrigation on Olive Fruit Yield and Oil Quality in a Humid Climate

The expansion of olive orchards into regions with no tradition of olive production and humid climates, such as Uruguay, with more than 1200 mm of annual rainfall, calls into question the need for irrigation. In these regions, however, years with water deficit during summers are quite common. The vapor pressure deficit during summer is lower than in countries with a Mediterranean climate. The high variability in interannual water availability in the current context of climate change, with a growing tendency for extreme events to occur, emphasizes the need to evaluate the production response of olive trees to irrigation. To achieve this, three irrigation treatments were applied to Arbequina and Frantoio cultivars according to the value of the maximum crop evapotranspiration: a first treatment applying 100% ETc, corresponding to being fully irrigated; a second treatment applying 50% ETc; and a third treatment in which neither irrigation nor rain inputs occurred from the end of the pit hardening period until harvest. Results show the possibility of an increasing fruit weight and pulp/pit ratio through irrigation in the local environmental conditions. The oil content in response to irrigation was different within cultivars. Water restriction conditions did not affect the oil content of olives in Arbequina, while in Frantoio it increased it. Polyphenols in fruit increased under water stress for both cultivars. The technological applicability of the results obtained must be accompanied by an economic analysis. The results obtained highlight the need for better use of irrigation water during the growth and ripening phase of the olive fruit under a humid climate.

Физико-химические свойства и жирно-кислотный состав масла Zosima absinthifolia Link.

Zosima absinthifolia is the only species of Zosima genus in Azerbaijan. The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative determination of fatty acids in the fruits of the plant Zosima absinthifolia, which is widespread in Absheron, as well as to study its physicochemical and organoleptic properties, possible use in the pharmaceutical and food industries. The oil obtained from the fruits of the plant collected from the Absheron Peninsula (Bibiheybat) was analyzed by gas chromatography. The oil was obtained at 60 °C for 8 h by the extraction of the fruits in a Soxhlet extractor. The yield was 10.36%. Chromatographic analysis of the oil obtained from plant fruits allowed to determine 14 fatty acids. The main component of Z. absinthifolia fruit oil is oleic acid (74.36%). Small amounts of caprylic and palmitic acids were also found to be 8.9% and 5.39%, respectively. The lowest percentage is palmitinoleic acid (0.07%). Physical-chemical constants and organoleptic properties of Z. absinthifolia fruit oil were also analyzed and it was determined that the percentage of free fatty acids in our sample was 2.47%, the peroxide value 34.16 mg O/kg and the saponification number 200.23 mg KOH/g.

INSECTICIDAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDY OF Dennettia tripetala (G. Baker) FRUIT OIL EXTRACT USED AS COWPEA GRAINS PROTECTANT AGAINST Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) INFESTATION

Dennettia tripetala fruit ethanolic oil extract was investigated for its insecticidal property. Bioassay was conducted at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0ml/20 g of susceptible cowpea. Results indicated that 1.0 ml dosage was the most effective as it evoked 100% beetle mortality within 24 h of application and its effect was significantly (p<0.05) different from other treatments except the positive control that recorded up to 94% mortality of the beetles. All dosages displayed significant lethal effects on the insect as compared with the untreated check. Insect mortality was dosage dependent. Probit analysis showed that, fruit oil extract required 2.46 and 6.66ul to achieve 50 and 95% highest insect mortality within 24 hours. Treated seeds with highest dose of 1.0 ml D. tripetala extract prevented oviposition, adult emergence as well as ability of the insect to cause damage and weight loss, hence reduced infestation and subsequent damage of treated cowpea seeds. Thus, Dennettia tripetala extract could be a potential toxicant and of great importance in storage protection of stored cowpea against the bruchids. The bilirubin, GGT and Uric acid were high as the dosages increased. Positive control showed significantly higher concentration of Bilirubin - 69.11g/dl, GGT - 38.02g/dl Uric acid - 50.25g/dl while Total protein was at its least (0.06g/dl) when compared to other groups. The low values of AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), ALP (Alkaline Phosphate), ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) and Creatine concentrations recorded at 1.0ml of 2% concentration of D. tripetala oil extract has no hepatotoxic effect on animals.

The sweet and embellishing Lycium arabicum Schweinf. ex Boiss. fruit oil: a potential source of essential ω-6 and ω-9 fatty acids, phytosterols, and carotenoids.

In our current phytochemical investigation on the Tunisian plant Lycium arabicum Schweinf. ex Boiss., we attempted to explore the oil obtained from its fruits. This oil was extracted by cold maceration with ethanol and was analyzed to estimate its sterol and fatty acid content. The physicochemical parameters of the oil were also examined. They were specified in terms of acid value (0.8 ± 0.01 mg KOH g-1 oil), peroxide value (10.9 ± 0.02 meq O2 kg-1 oil), saponification value (162.97 ± 0.03 mg KOH g-1 oil), chlorophylls (1.011 ± 0.03 mg kg-1 oil) and carotenoids (42.1 ± 0.05mg kg-1 oil). Gas chromatography analysis demonstrated that oleic (33.5%), palmitic (26.81%) and linoleic (21.51%) acids were the dominant fatty acids. Furthermore, the analysis of this oil with HPLC equipped with a differential refractometer detector (DRD) showed that Palmitic-Oleic-Oleic (21.10%) and Oleic-Oleic-Oleic/Palmitoleic-Palmitic-Palmitic (17.11%) are the main triacylglycerols in this oil. It was also found that this oil contains high levels of β-sitosterol (31.51%), Δ-5-Avenasterol (25.17%), and Δ-7-Avenasterol (15.22%). Analysis of its spectroscopic features allowed us to deduce that this oil contains some sugars like glucose, sucrose, and fructose as well as several carotenoid pigments. From this perspective, Lycium arabicum fruits oil (LAFO) maybe regarded as a worthwhile product that deserves supplementary consideration and investigation as a potentially new multi-purpose candidate for agro-food as a sweetener and a beautifier, in addition to its extreme usefulness for cosmetic and medicinal applications owing to its richness in phytosterols and conservative pigments.

EFFECT OF CERTAIN POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS ON THE ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE INFECTING MANGO FRUITS

The present work aimed to evaluate capability of certain acids and oils as postharvest treatments to induce resistance of “Kiett” mango fruits against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, essential oils like Thyme and Cinnamon, and certain acids such as Salicylic and Boric have been tested to evaluate their effects on fruit deterioration of mango post harvest quality. Results indicated that Thyme oil showed the highest efficacy in inhibiting fungal growth followed by Cinnamon oil giving inhibition percentage of 77.8 and 61% for both oils respectively, at their concentrations of 10000 ppm while both Salicylic and Boric acids caused complete mycelial growth inhibition at their concentration of 500, 3000ppm, respectively. On the other side, decay incidence of mango fruits treated with Thyme oil or Cinnamon oil were significantly than the other treatments either naturally or artificially infected with fungi. The lowest values of weight loss percentage were resulted from Thyme oil treatment of naturally infected fruits, while for artificially infected fruits, the Cinnamon oil treatment caused the lowest ones in two seasons. Moreover, postharvest treatments with Thyme oil or Cinnamon oil of mango fruits either naturally or artificially infected with fungi significantly decreased change rate of fruit colour that means delayed fruit ripening in comparison with the other treatments and control fruits. In addition, these treatments significantly decreased the deterioration rate of fruit contents of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), total phenol contents (TPC) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) compared with the other treatments and control. In conclusion, it could be concluded that postharvest treatments of mango fruits with Thyme or Cinnamon oils at 10000 ppm can be an effective method in order to increase “Kiett” mango fruit storability and keep fruit quality during storage.

Effect of environmental factors on the fruit essential oils of Pistacia terebinthus L. growing wild in Turkey

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental factors on the essential oil yields (EOYs) and major essential oil components in the ripe fruits of Pistacia terebinthus L. (turpentine tree), which is a medicinal and aromatic plant. Fruit samples were collected from 34 different locations of the turpentine tree growing wild in the Lake District in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. EOYs (%, v/w) and essential oil component ratios (%) were determined in fruit samples by hydrodistillation and GC-MS methods, respectively. The effect of environmental factors on these variables were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and Principal Component Analysis. Results: The essential oil yield of fruits collected from different localities ranged from 0.05% (v/w) to 0.19% (v/w). In terms of average values, α-pinene with 41.01% and limonene with 14.28% were the major components in the essential oils of ripe fruits. Among the environmental variables, longitude and sand % in 10-30 cm were the variables that made a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in fruit essential oil yield. According to the results of principal components analysis (PCA), α-pinene and Ocimene components were most affected by silt (%, 10-30 cm) and pH (%, 30-50 cm) ratios. The longitude and total annual precipitation (mm) were the most determining variables in the sabinene and limonene components, respectively. It was seen that the total lime ratios at different depth levels of the soils taken from the localities were the most effective variables for Myrcene and p-Cymene components. Conclusion: The study findings showed that EOYs and intended volatile component ratios in ripe fruits of turpentine trees grown under appropriate environmental conditions can be increased.