Ethanolic Fruit Research Articles

Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of fruit extract of Hodgsonia heteroclita (Roxb.) Hook. f. & Thomson in diabetic mice

Ethnopharmacological relevanceHodgsonia heteroclita has been known as an important traditionally consumed medicinal plant of North-East India known to have antidiabetic properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of the ethanolic fruit extract of Hodgsonia heteroclita against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by using streptozotocin (STZ) treated diabetic mice. Materials and methodsThe fruits of H. heteroclita were collected from the various parts of Kokrajhar district, Assam India (Geographic coordinates: 26°24′3.85″ N 90°16′22.30″ E). Basic morphological evaluations were carried out by the Botanical Survey of India, Eastern circle, Shillong, who also certified and identified the plant. Hexane, chloroform, and ethanolic extracts of the fruit of H. heteroclita were investigated for α-amylase inhibition assay as a rapid screening tool for examining anti-diabetic activity. The efficacy of ethanolic extract at a dose of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight was tested for 21 days in STZ-induced diabetic mice. The body weight, fasting plasma glucose and serum lipids, and hepatic glycogen levels were measured in experimental animals to examine the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic efficacy of the extract. Both HPTLC and LC-MS analysis was performed to examine the phyotochemicals present in the ethanolic extract of H. heteroclita. ResultsIt has been observed that treatment with the ethanolic extract dose-dependently reduced the plasma glucose levels, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, and increased the body weight, liver glycogens and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in STZ treated diabetic mice. HPTLC demonstrated the presence of triterpene compounds and LC-MS analysis revealed the presence Cucurbitacin I, Cucurbitacin E, and Kuguacin G as the triterpene phytoconstituents. ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that ethanolic fruit extract of H. heteroclita improved both glycemic and lipid parameters in mice model of diabetes.

Chemical characterization, safety profile and antileiomyoma effects of Tetrapleura tetraptera Taubert (Fabaceae) fruit ethanol extract in Sprague Dawley rats

BackgroundTetrapleura tetraptera Taubert (Fabaceae) fruits are employed by herbal practitioners in the management of uterine leiomyoma, but its usage in this regard and level of safety in chronic administration has not been sufficiently established. This study evaluated the toxicity effects of T. tetraptera ethanol fruit extract and explored its antileiomyoma effect in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.MethodsSub-chronic toxicity test of the extract was done, with biochemical and hematological changes as well as histopathology of organs assessed. Leiomyoma formation was induced in SD rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG) and the extract given at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, following both the preventive and curative methods. Total serum cholesterol, protein and estradiol were determined, as well as histopathology assessment of the uterus. Phytochemical profiling of the extract was evaluated by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).ResultsNo significant alterations were seen in the biochemical and hematological indices in the toxicity test. The vital organs showed no changes at 200 mg/kg, but at 800 mg/kg it appeared to induce multiplication of glandular epithelium and stromal fibrosis in the uterus, and induced perivascular inflammation around the vessels of the heart. Total serum cholesterol and estradiol were significantly elevated (P ≤ 0.05) on treating normal female rats with 800 mg/kg MSG. Preventive and curative treatment of MSG-treated animals with the extract significantly decreased the elevated serum cholesterol (P ≤ 0.01) and estradiol (P ≤ 0.05). Histological studies of the uterus showed an amelioration of the proliferating fibroid cells with administration of the extract, which was more evident in the curative treatment. Result of HPLC analysis of the extract revealed rich composition in bioactive compounds such as umbelliferone, ferulic acid, aridanin, echinocystic acid, naringenin and hentriacontane.ConclusionThe ethanol fruit extract of T. tetraptera is relatively safe in Sprague Dawley rats in low doses and has antifibroid potential as seen in its significant reduction in the elevated total cholesterol and estradiol content as well as its ability to decrease uterine leiomyoma proliferation, which may be due to its array of phytochemical constituents.

Bioactivity of Papua Red Fruit Extract (Pandanus conoideus L.) Against Superoxide dismutase, Malondialdehyde and Blood Glucose of Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) Hyperglycemia

Red fruit (Pandanus conodus L.) is a plant native to Papua, ethnomedical used as a traditional medicine with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. However, research on the bioactivity of red fruit is still very poorly reported. The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive content, antioxidant bioactivity and the effect of lowering blood glucose in hyperglycemic rats. Red fruit has extracted used the maceration method with 95% ethanol. Analysis of active compound content using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC MS). Analysis of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and blood glucose levels was carried out using the in vivo method using white rats. The research results showed that red fruit ethanol extract contained 173 compounds from six main groups of compounds. Red fruit extract has effective in reducing MDA levels in hyperglycemic mice. K4 and K5 treatments were the best treatments for reducing MDA. Red fruit extract affects the duration of induction of increased SOD in hyperglycemic rats. Treatments K4 and K5 were the best treatments for SOD induction. Red fruit extract affects reducing blood glucose in hyperglycemic mice. Red fruit extract has antioxidant activity and lowers blood glucose. Red fruit extract has the potential to be developed as a source of bioactive antioxidants and antidiabetics.
 
 Keywords: Glucose, hyperglycemia, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase

Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic fruit extract of Terminalia chebula

Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic fruit extract of Terminalia chebula was evaluated using tail-flick method, eddy’s hot plate method, acetic acid induced writhing responses and in-vivo anti-inflammatory property was determined using carrageenan rat paw edema. The ethanolic fruit extract of Terminalia chebula at different concentrations significantly inhibited the nociception in comparision with different standard drugs that showed anti-nociception. The test extract also reduced the edema induced in rats using carrageenan paw edema method as compared with the standard drug Diclofenac sodium 10mg/kg. The results obtained in this research study found to be very significant when compared to standard reference drug.

Ameliorative effects and histological assessment of active fractions of ethanolic fruits extract of Raphia hookeri on AlCl3 induced toxicity in rats

Background: Aluminium chloride is a widely distributed element with a well-established toxicity. The study aimed at evaluating ameliorative effects of active fractions and ethanolic fruits extracts of Raphia hookeri on AlCl3-induced toxicity in male rats. The objectives included; determination of liver and kidney function biomarkers, lipid profile, histopathological assessment of the organs. Methods: A total of 110 healthy male rats weighing 180-200 g were grouped into 11 groups of 10 rats each. Group 1: Normal feed and water (normal control). Group 2: AlCl3 only. Group 3: 200 mg/kg b. w of vitamin C. Group 4 and 5: N-hexane fraction at 10 and 20 mg/kg b. w. Group 6 and 7: ethyl acetate fraction at 10 and 20 mg/kg b. w. Group 8 and 9: Aqueous fractions at 10 and 20 mg/kg b. w. Group10 and 11: Ethanol extract at doses of 200 mg/kg b. w and 400 mg/kg b. w. The treatment lasted for 21 days. Results: Results revealed a significant (p˂0.05) decreased in the activities of ALT, AST, ALP, TB, DB and TP. It further revealed a significant (p˂0.05) decrease in urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and chloride. Also, a significant (p˂0.05) decrease in CHOL, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C was observed. Histopathological assessment of the liver and kidney tissues corroborated the observed changes in enzymes activities. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated ameliorative potentials of active fractions and ethanolic fruit extract of Raphia hookeri against hepatic and renal damage induced by AlCl3 in a dose and time dependent manner.

Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of Limeberry (Triphasia trifolia) Fruit Ethanol Extract against Staphylococcus aureus

Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of Limeberry (Triphasia trifolia) Fruit Ethanol Extract against Staphylococcus aureus

Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala berry extract and cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibit hepatotoxicity and apoptosis.

Excessive oxidative toxicity in liver cells is a significant risk factor that can cause cellular injury, leading to the development of chronic liver disease (CLD). Natural anthocyanins have been shown to prevent the harmful effects of oxidative toxicity in mammalian cells. Ripe Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala berry fruits are rich in anthocyanins, which have been reported to possess many health benefits. Therefore, this study examined the protective effect of ethanolic fruit extract of C. nervosum var. paniala (CNPE) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage and cell death in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Results showed that CNPE had strong antioxidant capabilities and high amounts of total phenolics and anthocyanins. HPLC analysis showed that CNPE consists of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G). Our investigations found that HepG2 cells pretreated with CNPE or anthocyanin C3G inhibited H2O2-induced cellular damage and apoptosis by increasing the viability of cells, the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein, and the activities of cellular antioxidant enzymes, namely SOD, CAT, and GPx. Moreover, both CNPE and C3G significantly suppressed expression of apoptotic proteins (Bax and cytochrome c) and the activities of cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3 caused by H2O2. Our results indicate that CNPE and C3G can suppress H2O2-induced hepatotoxicity and cell death through stimulation of endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibition of apoptosis pathway in HepG2 cells. These findings might support development of CNPE as an alternative natural product for preventing CLD.

The potential of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) fruit as an ethanol extract for neuroprotection in aged model rat.

Dementia is a common aging-related neurodegenerative disease in the elderly worldwide. Alterations in neurogenesis and angiogenesis factors have been linked to cognitive impairment in neurological disorders. However, synthetic drugs to improve memory disorders have uncomfortable side effects. The purpose of this study is to explore the neuroprotective potential of the fruit ethanol extract of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) [Andaliman fruit ethanol extract (AEE)] on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and spatial memory in rat models of aging. This study had an experimental design with AEE. The 4 groups were treated as follows: N (normal), M (served as positive control), P1 (AEE 150 mg/kg bw), and P2 (AEE 300 mg/kg BW) for 8 weeks. Aged model rats (M, P1, and P2) were obtained by inducing D-galactose (150 mg/kg bw). BDNF and VEGF expression were determined by RT-PCR, and spatial memory was assessed using the test of the Moris Water Maze (MWM). The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess the statistical analysis. AEE had a tendency to increase BDNF in P2 compared to the normal group (1.98 versus 1). VEGF expression increased in P1 and P2 compared to the normal group (1.14 and 1.29 versus 1). AEE at a dose of 300 mg/kg bw significantly improved spatial memory (p = 0.026). For eight weeks, AEE at a dose of 300 mg/kg bw considerably increased the potential to enhance VEGF and BDNF expression as well as spatial memory.

Nutritional, Phytochemical, and Biological Activities of Chrysophyllum albidum Fruit Extracts from Lagos

This study investigated the nutritional, phytochemical, and biological activities of Chrysophyllum albidum aqueous (CAA) and ethanolic (CAE) fruit extracts from Lagos. Proximate, vitamin and mineral compositions, phytochemicals, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the extracts were analysed. There was no difference in the composition of moisture content, total ash, carbohydrate, crude protein, fat, fibre, and caloric values in CAA and CAE. Elemental analysis showed the presence of sodium, iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium, manganese, potassium, and copper, while vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, D, and K were also present. The total tannin, flavonoid, and phenol contents of CAA were higher than those of CAE; however, CAE elicited stronger reducing power, antioxidant capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and nitric oxide scavenging activities than CAA. The antibacterial activity of CAA was bactericidal on all tested bacterial clinical strains with the most promising activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On the other hand, the antibacterial activity of CAE was bactericidal on all tested organisms except Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus faecalis on which it was bacteriostatic. The most promising bactericidal activity was against Staphylococcus epidermidis and P. aeruginosa. These findings conclude the strong antioxidant effect of C. albidum fruit extracts in addition to a broad-spectrum antibacterial property.

Gastroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of the fruit peels extract of a hybrid plant Citrus x paradisi Macfad. (Rutaceae) against ethanol-induced-gastric ulcer and paracetamol-induced-hepatitis on Wistar strain male rats.

Introduction: Diseases of the digestive system and liver are the leading cause of hospitalization worldwide, at around 12.2%. In particular hepatotoxicity which affects more than fifty million people worldwide and peptic ulcer disease. Moreover, the therapies used for the treatment of these diseases are not only very expensive but also present numerous
 
 undesirable side effects (hypersensitivity, arrhythmia, impotence, hematopoietic changes). The use of medicinal plants and herbal medicine probably make a considerable contribution. And the present study demonstrates it.
 Material and Method: 200 and 400 mg of crude ethanolic fruit peel extract (EFPE) were administered by nasogastric tube to two groups of G and H rats consisting of 3 batches of 5 rats each. The 3 batches representing the neutral, negative and positive controls. Then, gastric ulcer and hepatitis was induced in rats according to the Kanbur and al.’s procedures. Results and Discussion: The percentages of protection of the gastric mucosa are 6 - 7 times higher than those of rats pretreated with distilled water and close to nearly 90% than that of omeprazole at 20 mg / kg. At equal concentrations (200 mg / kg bw) the gastroprotective effect of the FFPE therefore appears to be 1.2 greater than that reported by Selmi et al., 2017 [5] on the fruit peels of the parent C. sinensis. The lowest serum transaminases (AST, ALT, ALP) levels were observed in rats pretreated with EFPE at 200 mg / kg bw. Oral administration of 200mg/kg bw of the EFPE equally twice that of silymarin would lead to a decrease in transaminases comparable to that of silymarin administered at 100 mg / kg used as a reference sample. The hepatoprotective effect of EFPE are similar with those observed on seeds by Udom et al., 2018 [6]. These results are consistent with macroscopic and histological examination of the damaged tissue. Conclusion: The EFPE of Citrus x paradisi has gastroprotective and hepatoprotective effects which would be comparable to those of Omeprazole and Sylmarin orally administered.

Investigation of New Potential Uses of Pistacia terebinthus for Various Industries

Investigation of New Potential Uses of Pistacia terebinthus for Various Industries
 ABSTRACT: Pistacia terebinthus has been used extensively in alternative medicine. Inhibitory activity of ethanol fruit extract from P. terebinthus fruit on food-borne and clinical test microorganisms was obtained to determine the potential use of the extract for food and pharmaceutical industries as a natural antimicrobial source. Antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract on fish originated pathogen bacteria was also determined for its potential use in the feed industry. In addition, the effect of the extract on the probiotic bacteria originated from breast milk were tested to obtain the potential use of the extract together with probiotic bacteria for pharmaceutical and food industries. Antimicrobial activity was obtained by performing micro-dilution and macro-dilution assays as well as disc diffusion. Among the food-borne and clinical test microorganisms, the highest inhibition zone diameter (22.39±1.92 mm) was detected on Listeria monocytogenes. The highest antibacterial activity on the fish pathogens was recorded as 17.67±0 mm against Vibrio anguillarum A4. It was determined that P. terebinthus fruit extract had higher antimicrobial activity against some test microorganisms than Amikacin and Gentamicin antibiotics. Antifungal activity on Candida glabrata was also investigated by counting viable cell. At a concentration of 20 mg/mL, no viable cells were determined after 24 hours. The extract inhibited all the tested LAB, however, with low MIC and MBC values. The sun protection factor (SPF) of the extract and the extract+cream mixture at 10 mL concentration was recorded as 9.36 and 7.51. The results of the study indicated that P. terebinthus fruit ethanol extract can be an alternative as a natural additive in various industries such as feed, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
 Keywords: Menengiç, Antimicrobial activity, Extract, Lactic acid bacteria, Solar protection

Antibacterial Activity of Andaliman Ethanol Extract (Zantoxylum Acanthopodium Dc.) Against Porphyromonas Gingivalis Bacteria

Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth that causes further damage to the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone to the formation of pockets, and decreased gums caused by the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. The most common and frequent periodontal disease is chronic periodontitis which is caused by the accumulation of plaque and calculus. Alternative treatment using herbal ingredients such as andaliman fruit (Zantoxylum acanthopodium DC.) has therapeutic benefits because of its broad biological activity, and lower side effects. Andaliman fruit (Zantoxylum acanthopodium DC.) contains active compounds such as phenolic compounds, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids that act as antibacterial. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory level (MIC) and minimum killing rate (MBC) of andaliman fruit ethanol extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. The research procedure used for the MIC and MBC tests was broth microdilution and the number of colonies was counted using the total plate count (TPC) with variations of 6 concentrations of andaliman fruit ethanol extract with 10% DMSO solvent and 0.2% Chlorhexidine. Statistical analysis in this study was performed using Levene Statistics and Post Hoc Dunnet T3. The ethanol extract of andaliman fruit has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum killing concentration (MBC) against the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration in the ethanol extract of andaliman fruit was at a concentration of 25%, while the minimum killing concentration was at a concentration of 100%.

The Influence of Salak Skin Ethanol Extract on the Lipid Profile, Il-6 and MDA Serum (Experimental Study on Male Rats of Wistar Strains Induced by High-Fat Diet)

Dyslipidemia is characterized by an increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and a decrease in HDL. One of the consequences of endothelial dysfunction as a precursor to cardiovascular disease is induced by oxidative stress and inflammation, so this condition must be controlled. Dyslipidemia causes an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines which play a role in oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of administering snake fruit ethanol extract on serum lipid profile, IL-6 and MDA levels in Wistar rats induced by a high-fat diet. The type of research is experimental with a Post Test Only Control Group Design research design. The research subjects used 36 Wistar rats, divided into 6 treatment groups, namely healthy control group (KS), negative control (K-), positive control with simvastatin (K+), 60 mg dose EEKS group (P1), 120 mg dose EEKS group (P2), and EEKS group dose 240 mg (P3). Examination on day 36 used blood serum ELISA method to analyze levels of lipid profile, IL-6 and MDA. There was a significant difference using the t test (p0.05) in the average decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride levels and increase in HDL levels. The results of IL-6 levels showed significant differences between groups using the one way anova test (p0.05), the 120 mg dose had the lowest results but was not significantly different when compared to the K+ group using the post hoc LSD test (p0, 05), while the results of MDA levels were significantly different using the Kruskal Wallis test (p0.05), showing that the 240 mg dose had the same results as the simvastatin group using the Mann- Whitney test (p0.05). Snake bark ethanol extract (EEKS) at a dose of 240 mg has the same effect as simvastatin by reducing total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride levels and increasing HDL. EEKS reduces IL-6 and MDA levels in dyslipidemia conditions.

Evaluation and comparison of antibacterial efficacy of different concentrations of Chhattisgarh herbal product-Terminalia chebula fruit extract in opposition to Enterococcus faecalis: An invitro study.

Due to the low cost, natural origin, higher safety margins, and little to negligible adverse effects of herbal medications, the use of plants and plant derivatives in medicine is becoming increasingly widespread. Terminalia chebula is among the most significant medicinal plants in ayurvedic, siddha, unani, and homeopathic remedies. It is ranked first in Ayurvedic material medicine. T. chebula has been shown to have established effects against various bacterial and fungal infections, including dental caries pathogens. In recent years, there has been a rise in interest in dentistry and medicine related to Enterococcus faecalis. The research aimed to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of different concentrations of T. chebula ethanolic fruit extract (10%, 40%, and 100%) in opposition to E. faecalis and compare it with 2% chlorhexidine. For the study, T. chebula ethanolic fruit extracts were obtained and prepared with Group I: -10% concentration, Group II: -40% concentration, Group III: -100% concentration, and Group IV: -2% chlorhexidine. Colonies of E. faecalis were cultivated in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 37°C and were inoculated in 16 BHI agar plates. Then, on the petri dishes, four wells were created (8 mm diameter) using a metal borer. The Agar well diffusion method was used to examine the antibacterial activity, and the zones of inhibition around the wells were noted. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests. The result shows that as the concentration increases, there is an increase in the efficacy of the antibacterial property of the extract before it reaches the saturation point. The decreasing order of antibacterial was chlorhexidine >100% T. chebula >40% T. chebula >10% T. chebula. The production of contemporary pharmaceuticals from T. chebula was addressed, as the global scenario is currently evolving toward using nontoxic plant products with traditional medicinal benefits.

Microencapsulation of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Leaves, Fruits and Seeds

Several plants rich in phenolic compounds have many uses in the food and pharmaceutical fields. However, after extraction, these active biomolecules are susceptible to degradation. Microencapsulation is a possible solution to prevent this rapid degradation. In this study, phenolic compounds from the okra Abelmoschus esculentus L’s leaves, fruits and seeds were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction and then microencapsulated via the spray drying technique using maltodextrin combined with pectin (in a ratio of 10:1) as an encapsulation material. The total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging and antimicrobial activities of okra extracts and encapsulated samples were evaluated to verify the encapsulation efficiency. Particle size distribution determination and scanning electron microscopy of the microcapsules were also carried-out. The ethanolic leaf extract showed higher significant levels of total phenolic compounds (162.46 ± 4.48 mg GAE/g DW), and anti-oxidant (75.65%) and antibacterial activities compared to those of other aqueous and ethanolic extracts from fruits and seeds. Furthermore, the spray-dried ethanolic leaf extract had the highest total phenolic content. However, the encapsulated ethanolic fruit extract had the highest percentage of DPPH scavenging activity (30.36% ± 1.49). In addition, antibacterial activity measurements showed that the addition of ethanolic and aqueous seed microcapsules provided a significant zone of inhibition against the bacterium Brochotrix thermosphacta (38 mm and 30 mm, respectively). Okra aqueous leaf microcapsules showed the smallest Sauter mean diameter values (7.98 ± 0.12 µm). These data are applicable for expanding the use of okra leaves, fruits and seeds as food additives and/or preservatives in the food industry.

Asimina triloba (pawpaw) fruit extract suppresses adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis-related protein expression in 3T3-L1 cells

Obesity is a health condition accompanied by life-threatening comorbidities; hence, there is an increasing need for anti-obesity agents. The anti-cancer effects of the leaves of Asimina triloba (pawpaw) has been reported. However, limited research has been conducted on the potential anti-obesity effects of A. triloba fruit. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of A. triloba fruit extract on murine preadipocytes (3T3-L1). We specifically examined lipid droplet formation in these cells using Oil Red O solution and intracellular pro-adipogenic protein levels were examined using western blot analysis. The results revealed that treatment with A. triloba 70% ethanolic fruit extract effectively suppressed lipid droplet formation. Moreover, the expression of crucial proteins involved in adipogenesis, namely sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and fatty acid synthase, were significantly inhibited. These findings suggest that A. triloba fruit has the potential to prevent obesity by inhibiting fat synthesis and may serve as a natural source for anti-obesity functional agents..

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus heterophylla var. assamica Fruits

The objective of the current study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of the ethanolic extract from the fruits of Ficus heteorphylla var. assamica (FHVAEE). Several in-vitro tests were performed on the plant's fruit ethanol extract. The antioxidant capability of diverse compounds was assessed using tests for total phenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and total antioxidant capacity. Protein denaturation was tested against anti-inflammatory properties. On a test for total phenol content, the fruit extract had a modest antioxidant capability; TPC as GAE was 120 ±3.14 mg/gm. Total flavonoid content assay results indicated exceptional antioxidant activity; TFC as QE was 428.33 ±7.07 mg/gm. The IC50 value for the DPPH free radical scavenging experiment was 61.17 μg/ml, while standard ascorbic acid was found to have an IC50 value of 16.97 μg/ml, indicating modest antioxidant activity. According to the anti-inflammatory assay, the plant fruit extract has excellent anti-inflammatory potential. The presence of several phytoconstituents in the extract could be the cause of these effects. To assess these effects and the results, which call for further advanced research, more studies must be done.

Effects of ethanolic fruit extract of solanum aethiopicum (L.) on saccharin induced hyperlipidemia and sperm abnormalities in male wistar rats

Effects of ethanolic fruit extract of solanum aethiopicum (L.) on saccharin induced hyperlipidemia and sperm abnormalities in male wistar rats

Antibacterial inhibitory test of tomi-tomi fruit (Flacourtia iinermis Roxb) extracts against pathogenic bacteria in improving food safety

The tomi-tomi fruit (Flacourtia inermis Roxb) is a rare plant. This fruit has benefits as a flavourings spice and also traditional medicine used by the community, besides it also contains tannins and flavonoid compounds that can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in food. To support the use of tomi-tomi fruit (F. inermis Roxb) and increase its application in supporting food safety, the purpose of this study is to test and see the antibacterial inhibitory power of tomi-tomi fruit extract against pathogenic bacteria, namely Gram-Negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium) and Gram-Positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus). This study is an experimental study using the Disc Diffusion method to determine the inhibitory power of bacterial growth using ethanol solvents with concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%. The results showed that of the three concentrations of tomi-tomi fruit extract tested against pathogenic bacteria, it turned out that the ethanol extract concentration of tomi-tomi 75% had a very strong inhibitory power category in S. aureus bacteria of 39 mm, S. typhimurium of 32.7 mm and B. cereus of 34.0 mm. Thus, tomi-tomi fruit ethanol extract has an inhibitory power that can be used for decontamination of 3 types of bacteria, especially in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria which have very strong inhibitory power, to maintain quality and improve food safety, among others rice, milk, cheese, fish, and meat that is often contaminated.

Potential antibacterial and antioxidant inhibitory activities of Silybum marianum mediated biosynthesised He-Ne laser

A potentially beneficial method in laser irradiation is currently gaining popularity. The biosynthesis of low-power lasers has also been applied to the therapy of disease in biological tissues. This study used laser pre-treatments of Silybum marianum (S. marianum) fruit extract as a stabilising agent to bio-fabricate a low-power laser. The silybin A and silybin B of the S. marianum fruit, which are derived from seedlings before S. marianum undergoes therapy with an He-Ne laser at various intervals, were assessed for their expressive properties in this study. The findings revealed that 6-min laser pre-treatments increased silybin A + B and bacterial inhibition and improved the medicinal property of S. marianum. The analysis of the reaction records was performed using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) limit for the sphere dispersion approach’s antimicrobial effect on the microorganisms under investigation was 50 to 100 g/mL. With an IC50 of 0.69 mg/mL, the laser-treated S. marianum (6 min) demonstrated radical scavenging activity. At MIC concentration, the laser-treated S. marianum (6 min) did not exhibit cytotoxicity in the MCF-7 cell line. Additionally, Salmonella typhi, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and E. coli were more susceptible to the antimicrobial effects of ethanolic fruit extract with a greater silybin level. It was observed that the laser-treated S. marianum (6 min) showed beneficial antioxidant and antibacterial properties and could be employed without risk in several medical applications.