Dietary Fruit Research Articles

Culturally Tailored Lifestyle Modification Strategies for Hypertension Management: A Narrative Review

Hypertension (HTN) is a significant global health challenge affecting billions of individuals worldwide. The prevalence of HTN varies considerably across the globe due to diverse factors, such as lifestyle influenced by culture, genetics, health care access, and socioeconomic conditions. Lifestyle modification has a substantial impact on blood pressure management; however, some cultural practices and behaviors affect recommended lifestyle modification strategies for HTN management. The purpose of this review was to explore lifestyle modification strategies for HTN management from a cultural perspective. Lifestyle modification, including physical activity, stress reduction, changes in dietary patterns (adopting a low-sodium diet and intake of fruit and vegetables), and weight management, provide an effective non-pharmacologic intervention for the management of hypertension. Individual’s cultural practices have the potential to determine their diet, physical activity levels, knowledge, and perception about HTN, adherence to treatment and medications, and the use of local herbal preparations for HTN management. Culture focuses on individuals’ belief, practices and how these beliefs and practices influence their lifestyle behaviors for HTN management. It is important to consider patients’ cultural beliefs before recommending lifestyle behaviors for HTN management.

Inequality in breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in Argentina by household income level in 2018-2019.

Introduction. Diet quality is a right related to survival, healthy growth, prevention of chronic diseases, and malnutrition in all its forms. The objective of this study was to analyze breastfeeding and feeding practices in children younger than 2 years from urban areas of Argentina in 2018-2019 according to their household income level. Population and methods. Secondary analysis of data of the Second National Survey on Nutrition and Health (ENNyS2) of 2018-2019. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding indicators proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) were analized. Data were stratified by household income level. Results. The analysis included 5763 children younger than 24 months old. Although 97% was ever breastfed, only 47% of infants younger than 6 months were exclusively breastfed the previous day and 48% continued with breastfeeding after 1 year old, with a higher prevalence in low-income children. The previous day, 23% of children aged 6 to 23 months did not eat any fruit or vegetable, 60% consumed unhealthy foods, and 50% consumed sweet beverages. The consumption of sweet beverages and the absence of fruit and vegetables were higher in low-income households. Conclusion. The quality of children's diet is far from the recommendations and is conditioned by income. Early initiation of breastfeeding, minimum dietary diversity, fruit and vegetable consumption are lower and sweet beverage consumption is greater in impoverished sectors.

Fruit and vegetable intake modifies the association between ultra-processed food and metabolic syndrome

BackgroundThis prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as to assess whether fruit and vegetable intake and weight change modify this association.MethodsWe included 1915 healthy participants who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), all of whom had complete demographic, anthropometric, and dietary measurements. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess UPF consumption based on the NOVA classification system. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for MetS events across tertiles of UPF. The effect of fruit and vegetable consumption and weight change on this association was assessed using joint classification by Cox regression.ResultsUFP consumption showed no association with MetS risk after adjusting for confounders. However, after adjustment for dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables, the highest tertile of UPF consumption was positively linked to MetS risk, compared to the lowest tertile. There was a significant interaction between fruit, vegetable, and dietary fiber intake and UPF consumption concerning the risk of MetS (All P values < 0.05). Among individuals consuming less than 248 g/day of fruit, the risk of MetS increased by 54% (confidence interval: 1.13–2.10) in the highest UPF tertile. Consuming vegetables and dietary fiber below the median (258 g/day and 42.2 g/day, respectively) increased the risk of MetS in the third tertile of UPF. However, consuming vegetables and fiber ≥ median intake, reduced the risk of MetS among those with the lowest UPF consumption. Furthermore, the risk of MetS was observed in the third tertile of UPF consumption among individuals with fruit and vegetable consumption < 537 g/day. UPF consumption was not associated with the risk of MetS in different weight change statuses.ConclusionsConsuming more fruits and vegetables mitigated the adverse effect of UPF on the risk of developing MetS.

Global burden and cross-country inequalities in stroke and subtypes attributable to diet from 1990 to 2019

Data sourcesThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2019.BackgroundTo describe burden, and to explore cross-country inequalities according to socio-demographic index (SDI) for stroke and subtypes attributable to diet.MethodsDeath and years lived with disability (YLDs) data and corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were estimated by year, age, gender, location and SDI. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the connections between age-standardized rates (ASRs) of death, YLDs, their EAPCs and SDI. We used ARIMA model to predict the trend. Slope index of inequality (SII) and relative concentration index (RCI) were utilized to quantify the distributive inequalities in the burden of stroke.ResultsA total of 1.74 million deaths (56.17% male) and 5.52 million YLDs (55.27% female) attributable to diet were included in the analysis in 2019.Between 1990 and 2019, the number of global stroke deaths and YLDs related to poor diet increased by 25.96% and 74.76% while ASRs for death and YLDs decreased by 42.29% and 11.34% respectively. The disease burden generally increased with age. The trends varied among stroke subtypes, with ischemic stroke (IS) being the primary cause of YLDs and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) being the leading cause of death. Mortality is inversely proportional to SDI (R = -0.45, p < 0.001). In terms of YLDs, countries with different SDIs exhibited no significant difference (p = 0.15), but the SII changed from 38.35 in 1990 to 45.18 in 2019 and the RCI showed 18.27 in 1990 and 24.98 in 2019 for stroke. The highest ASRs for death and YLDs appeared in Mongolia and Vanuatu while the lowest of them appeared in Israel and Belize, respectively. High sodium diets, high red meat consumption, and low fruit diets were the top three contributors to stroke YLDs in 2019.DiscussionThe burden of diet-related stroke and subtypes varied significantly concerning year, age, gender, location and SDI. Countries with higher SDIs exhibited a disproportionately greater burden of stroke and its subtypes in terms of YLDs, and these disparities were found to intensify over time. To reduce disease burden, it is critical to enforce improved dietary practices, with a special emphasis on mortality drop in lower SDI countries and incidence decline in higher SDI countries.

Longitudinal Three-Year Associations of Dietary Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Serum hs-C-Reactive Protein in Adults with and without Type 1 Diabetes.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a widely used clinical biomarker of systemic inflammation, implicated in many chronic conditions, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite the increasing emphasis on dietary intake as a modifiable risk factor for systemic inflammation, the association of hs-CRP with fruit and vegetable consumption is relatively underexplored in T1D. To address this gap, we investigated the longitudinal associations of dietary pattern-derived fruit and vegetable scores with hs-CRP in adults with and without T1D. Additionally, we examined the impact of berry consumption as a distinct food group. Data were collected in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study over two visits that were three years apart. At each visit, participants completed a food frequency questionnaire, and hs-CRP was measured using a particle-enhanced immunonephelometric assay. Mixed effect models were used to examine the three-year association of fruit and vegetable scores with hs-CRP. Adjusted models found a significant inverse association between blueberry intake and hs-CRP in the nondiabetic (non-DM) group. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension- and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-derived vegetable scores were also inversely associated with hs-CRP in the non-DM group (all p-values ≤ 0.05). Conversely, no significant associations were observed in the T1D group. In conclusion, dietary pattern-derived vegetable scores are inversely associated with hs-CRP in non-DM adults. Nonetheless, in T1D, chronic hyperglycemia and related metabolic abnormalities may override the cardioprotective features of these food groups at habitually consumed servings.

Developing and evaluating the construct validity of a dietary pattern predictive of plasma TMAO and choline

Background and aimsThe metabolism of choline (highly present in animal products) can produce trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite with atherosclerotic effects; however, dietary fiber may suppress this metabolic pathway. This study aimed to develop a dietary pattern predictive of plasma TMAO and choline concentrations using reduced rank regression (RRR) and to evaluate its construct validity. Methods and resultsDiet and plasma concentrations of choline (μmol/L) and TMAO (μmol/L) were assessed in 1724 post-menopausal women who participated in an ancillary study within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1993–1998). The TMAO dietary pattern was developed using RRR in half of the sample (Training Sample) and applied to the other half of the sample (Validation Sample) to evaluate its construct validity. Energy-adjusted food groups were the predictor variables and plasma choline and TMAO, the response variables. ANCOVA and linear regression models were used to assess associations between each biomarker and the dietary pattern score. Discretionary fat, potatoes, red meat, and eggs were positively associated with the dietary pattern, while yogurt, fruits, added sugar, and starchy vegetables were inversely associated. Mean TMAO and choline concentrations significantly increased across increasing quartiles of the dietary pattern in the Training and Validation samples. Positive associations between the biomarkers and the TMAO dietary pattern were also observed in linear regression models (Validation Sample: TMAO, adjusted beta-coefficient = 0.037 (p-value = 0.0088); Choline, adjusted beta-coefficient = 0.011 (p-value = 0.0224). ConclusionWe established the TMAO dietary pattern, a dietary pattern reflecting the potential of the diet to contribute to plasma concentrations of TMAO and choline.

Association of Dietary Vegetable and Fruit Consumption with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Previous studies have shown contradictory results regarding the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and the risk of sarcopenia. We aimed to evaluate this association using a meta-analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library through July 2023 using related keywords. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on the random-effects model. We included 14 observational studies with 11 cross-sectional and three cohort studies involving 6436 sarcopenias among 33,801 participants. Vegetable and fruit consumption were significantly associated with reduced sarcopenia risk (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.79; I2 = 59.8%). The association was significant in cross-sectional studies (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.84; I2 = 56.3%; n = 11) but not in cohort studies (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.11; I2 = 76.4%; n = 3). Moreover, the association was significant in age ≥60 (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.83; I2 = 58.0%; n = 10). This meta-analysis suggests that eating vegetables and fruit reduces sarcopenia risk. However, as cohort studies provide a higher level of evidence than case-control studies, further prospective cohort studies should be conducted.

Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk of Disabling Dementia: Japan Public Health Center Disabling Dementia Study

BackgroundFruits and vegetables contain abundant amounts of antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C, α-carotene, and β-carotene. Few prospective observational studies have investigated the effects of fruit and vegetable intake on the risk of dementia, and the results are inconsistent. ObjectivesOur aim was to examine associations between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of disabling dementia. MethodsWe conducted a follow-up survey within the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study involving 42,643 individuals aged 50–79 y at baseline (2000–2003). Dietary fruit and vegetable intakes and related antioxidant vitamin intakes (i.e., α-carotene, β-carotene, and vitamin C) were determined using a food frequency questionnaire. The diagnosis of disabling dementia was made based on the daily living disability status related to dementia under the Japanese long-term care insurance program from 2006 to 2016. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for disabling dementia were estimated using area-stratified Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounding factors. ResultsA total of 4994 cases of disabling dementia were recorded. We observed an inverse association between total fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of dementia among males and females: the multivariate hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest compared with lowest quartiles of intake were 0.87 (0.76, 0.99) (P- trend = 0.05) among males and 0.85 (0.76, 0.94) (P- trend = 0.006) among females. Among antioxidant vitamins, vitamin C intake was inversely associated with the risk of dementia among males and females: the multivariate hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest compared with lowest quartiles of intake were 0.71 (0.61, 0.84) (P- trend < 0.0001) among males, and 0.76 (0.67, 0.86) (P- trend < 0.0001) among females. ConclusionsFruit and vegetable intake and dietary intake of vitamin C may contribute to reducing the risk of disabling dementia among males and females.

The Effect of Nutritional Status and Diet on Hipertension Disesase in Tabaringan Health Care

Hypertension is a disease that is defined as a persistent increase in blood pressure. According to WHO, the increase in hypertension is mainly driven by several factors the main risks are unhealthy eating and living patterns, lack of physical activity, etc. For example, the diet that is thought to be the main cause contains high energy, high carbohydrates, high fat, high cholesterol, high sugar, high salt, instant food and smoking habits. This can also cause fat accumulation which over time will result in weight gain and manifest in hypertension. To determine the effect of nutritional status and diet on the incidence of hypertension at the Tabaringan Community Health Center In this research, the case control method was used with the type of analytical observational research. Data collection techniques use primary data. The collected data was analyzed using the Chi-Square Test. Respondents were taken using techniques consecutive sampling. Respondents were 64 people consisting of 32 people each with hypertension and non-hypertension groups. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between nutritional status and hypertension p=0.000, animal protein diet to hypertension p=0.000, vegetable protein diet to hypertension p=0.000, vegetables diet to hypertension p=0.000, fruits diet on hypertension p=0.000. However, there was no significant relationship between carbohydrate diet and hypertension, p=0.217. There is a significant relationship between overweight/obesity nutritional status and a diet of animal protein, vegetable protein, fruits and vegetables on the incidence of hypertension at the Tabaringan Community Health Center, Makassar City.

Palatability of Cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus) to the Combinations of Pellet Feed Based on Organic Value

Cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus) in captivity that were given a dominant fruit diet needed additional feed from their natural habitat because of the higher nutritional potential and fiber components. This study aims to determine the palatability of cuscus to the feed based on organic value. An experimental method was used, consisting of 4 treatment groups: 100% banana (Musa paradisiaca) as control, 70% banana mixed with 30% matoa (Pometia pinnata) leaves, 70% banana mixed with 30% ironwood (Pongamia pinnata) leaves, and 70% banana mixed with 30% crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus). The results showed that banana was the most preferred feed ingredient, either alone or as a supplementary feed mixture. In terms of quantity, its mixture with matoa leaves had a higher consumption level than ironwood leaves and crickets. The consumption level of organic matter was higher in the treatment with 100% banana than in other treatments. This information will help support ex-situ and in-situ conservation programs formulated by the government and other parties, including the community. Keywords: cuscus, feed, organic matter, palatability, Spilocuscus maculatus

Maternal Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy Are Linked to Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among a Predominantly Low-Income US Hispanic/Latina Pregnancy Cohort.

Diet during pregnancy may be a potential intervention for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that disproportionally burdens Hispanic/Latina women. The MADRES (Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social stressors) study (n=451) is a prospective pregnancy cohort of predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latina women in Los Angeles, California, who completed up to 2 staff-administered 24-hour dietary recalls in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were abstracted from medical records and based on a physician's diagnosis or systolic or diastolic blood pressure (≥140 or ≥90 mm Hg, respectively) at ≥2 consecutive prenatal visits. Using multivariable logistic regression, we evaluated associations of 2 previously derived dietary patterns in this population (solid fats, refined grains, and cheese and vegetables, oils, and fruit) and the Healthy Eating Index 2015 with (1) gestational hypertension, (2) preeclampsia, and (3) any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (either gestational hypertension or preeclampsia). In separate models, we additionally tested interactions with prepregnancy body mass index. Comparing highest-to-lowest quartiles, the solid fats, refined grains, and cheese dietary pattern was associated with an increased odds of any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (odds ratio [OR], 3.99 [95% CI, 1.44-11.0]; Ptrend=0.014) and preeclampsia (OR, 4.10 [95% CI, 1.25-13.5]; Ptrend=0.036), whereas the vegetables, oils, and fruit pattern was associated with reduced odds of preeclampsia (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.10-0.99]; Ptrend=0.041). Among the overweight prepregnancy body mass index category, inverse associations of vegetables, oils, and fruit and Healthy Eating Index 2015 with preeclampsia were more pronounced (both Pinteractions=0.017). Healthy Eating Index 2015 findings were generally nonsignificant. While the solid fats, refined grains, and cheese diet was strongly associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy, findings suggest the vegetables, oils, and fruit diet may be more relevant than Healthy Eating Index 2015 for preventing preeclampsia among low-income Hispanic/Latina women.

An In Silico In Vitro and In Vivo Study on the Influence of an Eggplant Fruit (Solanum anguivi Lam) Diet on Metabolic Dysfunction in the Sucrose-Induced Diabetic-like Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster).

Introduction: Africa faces immense food and health insecurity challenges, a problem partly attributed to food loss and waste during postharvest handling and distribution. In the context of research to meet the sustainable development goals, this project specifically addressed the postharvest loss of the ripe indigenous eggplant (Solanum anguivi lam) fruit called "Igba Yinrin" by Yoruba in South-West Nigeria, which is usually discarded in farms. The study was carried out on ripe and unripe fruits to better understand their value by comparing their effects in diabetes treatment. Methods: The study sought to assess the effects of a diet including ripe or unripe mature eggplant fruits in the sucrose-induced diabetic-like fruit fly. Bioactive compounds were identified and quantified with HPLC-UV, while the antioxidant vitamin (A, C, E), carotenoid, and mineral (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, and Zn) content was analyzed in the fruits. Extracts were used to investigate their in vitro anti-inflammatory properties on cyclooxygenases (COX 1 and 2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and anti-diabetes enzymes [α-amylase and α-glucosidase], while extract-supplemented diets (0.25-1% concentration) were fed to the fruit flies for 14 days. Results: Interestingly, the results showed that the ripe fruits had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher total phenol and flavonoid content, as well as a higher content of vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals, than the unripe fruits. The in vivo activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione transferase (GST)] and the total thiol level increased, while the blood glucose, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly). An in silico docking analysis showed strong binding affinity of the above-mentioned enzymes under investigation with the ligands hesperidin, naringin, and myricetin, which are bioactive compounds contained in the examined extracts. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the biological effects of the ripe and unripe fruit extracts on inflammatory and anti-diabetes enzyme activities, which means that the ripe fruit, usually discarded, could serve as a sustainable alternative source of food nutrients.

Water quality and oxidative stress in fish Colossoma macropomum fed with dietary Amazonian fruit Euterpe oleracea Mart. after transport simulation

ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of lyophilized Euterpe oleracea (LEO) in the diet of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) on antioxidant capacity following transport stress. Six diets with varying LEO concentrations (0.00, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.0%) were administered. After a 30-day feeding period, the fish from each diet were subjected to simulated transport for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. No mortality was observed during the posttransport simulation. Dietary LEO appeared to conserve dissolved oxygen in water. The inclusion of 1.25% and 10.0% LEO enhanced the hepatic total antioxidant capacity by 42% and 53%, respectively, compared to the control during transport for up to 12 h. Additionally, 5.00%–10.0% LEO mitigated lipid peroxidation in the brain, gills, and liver of tambaqui for up to 12 h, remaining effective in the gills for 24 h. Consequently, considering its potential to alleviate oxidative stress, the incorporation of 5.00% to 10.0% LEO into the diet is a promising strategy for enhancing the resilience of fish during transport lasting up to 12 h.

Cinnamic Acid and Caffeic Acid Effects on Gastric Tight Junction Proteins Analyzed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes.

Analysis of secondary plant compounds for the development of novel therapies is a common focus of experimental biomedicine. Currently, multiple health-supporting properties of plant-derived molecules are known but still information on many mechanisms is scarce. Cinnamic acid and caffeic acid are two of the most abundant polyphenols in human dietary fruits and vegetables. In this study, we investigated cinnamic acid and caffeic acid effects on the gastric barrier, which is primarily provided by members of the transmembrane tight junction protein family of claudins. The Xenopus laevis oocyte has been established, in recent years, as a heterologous expression system for analysis of transmembrane tight junction protein interactions, by performing paired oocyte experiments to identify an effect on protein-protein interactions, in vitro. In our current study, human gastric claudin-4, -5, and -18.2. were expressed and detected in the oocyte plasma membrane by freeze fracture electron microscopy and immunoblotting. Oocytes were paired and incubated with 100 µM or 200 µM cinnamic acid or caffeic acid, or Ringer's solution, respectively. Caffeic acid showed no effect on the contact area strength of paired oocytes but led to an increased contact area size. In contrast, cinnamic acid-incubated paired oocytes revealed a reduced contact area and a strengthening effect on the contact area was identified. These results may indicate that caffeic acid and cinnamic acid both show an effect on gastric barrier integrity via direct effects on tight junction proteins.

A study on the impact of Magnesium on the Glycemic regulation

Objectives: The present study was to evaluate the impact of magnesium on glycemic regulation and also evaluate the changes of glycemic control indicators in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: A total of 50 subjects aged 30–60 years with the FBS of more than 126 mg/dL who had been recently diagnosed with T2D (maximum one year) and were being treated with antidiabetic drugs were enrolled in the present study. All the subjects were instructed to follow a prescribed diet plan for one week to stabilize their serum glucose level (30% of total energy as fat, 15% of energy as protein, and 55% of energy as carbohydrate-focused, from complex carbohydrates). Both groups were instructed to consume a healthy diet of fruits and vegetables (five serving per day), legumes, nuts and whole grains. The intervention group consisted of 25 participants who were on Mg supplementation for three months. The control group (25 participants) were not received any type of supplement throughout the intervention period. Body weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). All measurements and indicators were taken at the base line (Pre) and after three months of intervention (post changes). Results: Mean age group of intervention and control group was not significant (p=0.118). In both group, males were more preponderance than females. When we compared the mean BMI, HbA1C, C-peptide (ng/mL), HOMA.?%, and Mg (mg/dL) between intervention and control group subjects respectively. P-value was found to be 0.512, 0.588, 0.117, 0.606, 0.317, and 0.235 respectively. Mean FBS of interventional group patients was significantly (p=0.011) reduced in post intervention as compared to pre intervention. While in control group, mean FBS was not significant differences (p=0.184). Mean Ca of interventional group subjects was extreme significantly (p&lt;0.0001) decreased in post intervention as compared to preintervention. While in control group subjects, mean Ca was not significantly decreased in post-test as compared to pre-test. In interventional group subjects, mean Mg was highly significantly (p=002) increased in post intervention as compared to pre intervention. While in control group subjects, mean Mg level was extreme significantly (p&lt;0.0001) reduced in post-test as compared to pre-test. Conclusions: Oral magnesium supplement significantly decreases the fasting blood sugar level. And it reduces the insulin resistance and improves the glycaemic control indicators in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Key words: Magnesium, glycaemic control indicators, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Higher Diet Quality Observed in Pregnant Women Compared to Women Living with and without Children in the US: NHANES 2011–2016

Background Women of reproductive age are a critical part of the population because their dietary habits and nutritional status impact the nutritional trajectory of future generations. Various studies have assessed the diet quality among women of reproductive age, but few studies have compared the diet quality of these women across the different life stages. Objective To compare the diet quality among pregnant women, women living with children and women living without children in the United States of America (USA) using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Methods This cross-sectional study was a secondary data analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES), 2011–2016. Study participants comprised a total of 7120 women, ages 20–44 years in one of three life stage categories, pregnant women, women living in households with and without children less than 18 years. The HEI 2015 was used to assess the overall diet quality score as well as 13 dietary component scores-whole fruit, total fruit, greens and beans, whole grains, total vegetables, total protein foods, fatty acids, seafood and plant proteins, dairy, saturated fat, sodium, refined grains, and added sugars. The differences in HEI scores by life stage was assessed using linear regression models, adjusting for marital status, age, race and ethnicity, poverty index ratio, and educational status. Results The mean overall HEI score of participants was 52.0 out of 100 points. The overall HEI scores of pregnant women was significantly higher than women living with and without children respectively (β = 4.6 ± 1.42, p = 0.002; β = 3.7 ± 1.34, p = 0.009). Also, pregnant women had significantly higher scores for whole fruit (β = 0.99 ± 0.18, p < 0.001; β = 0.98 ± 0.17, p < 0.001), dairy (β = 0.63 ± 0.27, p = 0.02; β = 0.68 ± 0.29, p = 0.02) and whole grains (β = 1.05 ± 0.40, p = 0.01; β = 0.97 ± 0.39, p = 0.02) than women living with and without children respectively. On the other hand, women living without children had significantly higher scores for total vegetables (β = 0.18 ± 2.04, p = 0.002), refined grains (β = 0.22 ± 0.10, p = 0.03) and added sugars (β = 0.35 ± 0.16, p = 0.04) than women living with children. Conclusion Pregnant women had the highest diet quality while women living in households with children had the lowest diet quality among the studied population.

KARAKTERISTIK DAN KEPATUHAN DIET DASH PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI DIRUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT SANTA ELISABETH TAHUN 2023

Characteristics mean different things about a person, place, or thing that describes them. Compliance, which was originally known as "compliance", has a definition as the extent to which a patient's behavior (in terms of taking medication, following a diet, or making other lifestyle changes) must be appropriate according to clinical prescriptions. the DASH diet (Dietary Approach To Stop Hypertension) which is a vegetable and fruit diet that contains a lot of dietary fiber, which is 30 grams per day and certain minerals, namely potassium, magnesium and calcium while salt intake is limited, which is only 3 grams per day. The research objective was to determine the characteristics and adherence to the DASH diet in hypertensive patients at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2023. Research Methods: This type of research is descriptive with a population of 120 hypertensive patients. The sampling technique in this study was random sampling in hypertensive patients with 53 people as a collection instrument. data using a questionnaire with 9 question items. The results of the study: The characteristics of respondents aged 56-60 years were 20 people (37.7%). Most of the female sex as many as 32 people (60.4%). Most of the duration of the patient suffering from hypertension 1-5 years as many as 36 people (67.9%). Most of the respondents to adherence to the hypertension diet found that 15 patients (28.3%) did not feel it. Conclusion: There are 20 people (37.7%) aged 56-60 years. Most of the female sex as many as 32 people (60.4%). Most of the duration of the patient suffering from hypertension 1-5 years as many as 36 people (67.9%). Most of the respondents to adherence to the hypertension diet found that 15 patients (28.3%) did not feel it. Suggestions for people with hypertension respondents are expected to be able to maintain and regulate a balanced diet with the DASH diet information to avoid hypertension.

Tooth chipping patterns and dental caries suggest a soft fruit diet in early anthropoids.

Fossils from the Fayum Depression, Egypt, are crucial for understanding anthropoid evolution due to the abundance of taxa and the time interval they represent (late Eocene to early Oligocene). Dietary and foraging behavioral interpretations suggest fruits were their dominant food source, although hard foods (e.g., seeds and nuts) and leaves could have been important dietary components for particular groups. In this study, we compare dental chipping patterns in five Fayum primate genera with chipping data for extant primates, to assess potential hard object feeding in early anthropoids. Original specimens were studied (Aegyptopithecus: n = 100 teeth; Parapithecus: n = 72, Propliopithecus: n = 99, Apidium: n = 82; Catopithecus: n = 68); with the number, severity, and position of chips recorded. Dental caries was also recorded, due to its association with soft fruit consumption in extant primates. Tooth chipping was low across all five genera studied, with a pooled chipping prevalence of 5% (21/421). When split into the three anthropoid families represented, chipping prevalence ranged from 2.6% (4/154) in Parapithecidae, 6% (12/199) in Propliopithecidae, and 7.4% (5/68) in Oligopithecidae. Three carious lesions were identified in Propliopithecidae. The chipping prevalence is low when compared to extant anthropoids (range from 4% to 40%) and is consistent with a predominantly soft fruit diet, but not with habitual hard food mastication. The presence of caries supports consumption of soft, sugary fruits, at least in Propliopithecidae. Our results add support for low dietary diversity in early anthropoids, with soft fruits as likely dominant food sources.

Yields and milk characteristics of Bunaji, Wadara and Friesian X Bunaji cows fed Dietary baobab fruit pulp meal under tropical environment

Yields and milk characteristics of Bunaji, Wadara and Friesian X Bunaji cows fed Dietary baobab fruit pulp meal under tropical environment

Overview of research progress on the association of dietary potassium intake with serum potassium and survival in hemodialysis patients, does dietary potassium restriction really benefit hemodialysis patients?

For the general population, increasing potassium intake can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, since hyperkalemia is a common and life-threatening complication in maintenance hemodialysis patients, which can increase the risk of malignant arrhythmia and sudden death, the current mainstream of management for hemodialysis patients is dietary potassium restriction in order to prevent hyperkalemia. Hemodialysis patients are usually advised to reduce dietary potassium intake and limit potassium-rich fruits and vegetables, but there is limited evidence to support this approach can reduce mortality and improve quality of life. There is still no consistent conclusion on the association between dietary potassium intake and serum potassium and survival in hemodialysis patients. According to the current small observational studies, there was little or even no association between dietary potassium intake and serum potassium in hemodialysis patients when assurance of adequate dialysis and specific dietary patterns (such as the plant-based diet mentioned in the article) are being followed, and excessive dietary potassium restriction may not benefit the survival of hemodialysis patients. Additionally, when assessing the effect of diet on serum potassium, researchers should not only focus on the potassium content of foods, but also consider the type of food and the content of other nutrients. However, more large-scale, multi-center clinical trials are required to provide high-quality evidence support. Besides, further research is also needed to determine the optimal daily potassium intake and beneficial dietary patterns for hemodialysis patients.