Fructose Yield Research Articles

Endogenous calcium enriched hydrochar catalyst derived from water hyacinth for glucose isomerization

Water hyacinth is a major aquatic plant in ecological restoration which propagates rapidly, whereas its biomass waste lacks value-added utilization routes. To address this problem, we put forth an innovative two-step carbonization strategy to convert water hyacinth to catalyst for isomerization of glucose to fructose. Through combining the hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis, catalyst morphology including its carbon substrate and calcium salts was successfully engineered. The prepared hydrochar-based catalyst presented an outstanding catalytic performance, the optimal of which could obtain 31% fructose yield with 89% selectivity at 120 °C for 45 min in water and maintain the reactivity for at least three runs. The catalytic reactivity was derived from the crystallization of endogenous alkaline earth calcium in water hyacinth, which was comparable to catalysts doped with expensive metals. Besides, the equipment and energy requirements for preparation were quite low-demanding (calcined only at 400 °C for 1 h). This study not only pioneers a sustainable way to upcycle aquatic biomass, but also invents a low-cost and efficient catalyst for biorefinery through the production of engineered carbon.

Hydroxyapatite-based catalysts derived from food waste digestate for efficient glucose isomerization to fructose

Transforming biomass waste into cost-effective catalysts for chemical reactions provides new opportunity for biomass waste valorization. In this work, we examined the possibility of using food waste solid digestate as raw materials for the production of a heterogeneous catalyst for glucose isomerization to fructose, which is one of the important intermediates for the production of platform chemicals, hydrocarbon fuels and synthetic materials from biomass. Hydroxyapatite-based catalysts were obtained from food waste digestate by a coupled hydrothermal-calcination approach. In the hydrothermal treatment process, the addition of exogenous calcium can adjust the alkalinity of the catalyst, which is beneficial to improve the activity of the catalyst. The reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst dosage have also been optimized. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance in the glucose isomerization reaction resulting in a high fructose yield of 32.3% with a reaction time of only 20 ​min at 80 ​°C in water. The catalyst can be reused after a simple regeneration without significant activity. This work provides a win-win strategy, which not only solves the problem of the disposal and utilization of digestate, but also expands the synthesis method of the glucose isomerization reaction catalyst.

Magnesium Impregnated on NaX Zeolite Synthesized from Cogon Grass Silica for Fast Production of Fructose via Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Glucose Isomerization

Fructose is a crucial intermediate in the production of several chemical platforms. Fructose is mainly produced from glucose isomerization either through immobilized enzymes or heterogeneous catalysts using a conventional heating source, and this is time-consuming. Thus, this work discloses a fast production of fructose via microwave-assisted catalytic glucose isomerization using Mg catalysts supported on NaX zeolite from cogon grass silica. The catalysts were prepared by the impregnation of magnesium nitrate solution and subsequently transformed into MgO on NaX by calcination. The effect of 3, 6 and 9 wt.% Mg content on NaX on the performance of glucose isomerized to fructose was tested at 90 °C for 15 min. The best catalyst was selected for studying the effect of reaction times of 5, 15, 30 and 60 min. Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption and CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) suggested that crystallinity, surface area and micropore volume decrease but basicity increases with Mg content. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) result confirmed the presence of mixed phases of MgO and Mg2CO3 in all catalysts. The glucose conversion enhanced with the Mg loading but the fructose yield gave the highest value with Mg of 6 wt.%, probably due to the tuning of high active sites and surface area. The greatest fructose selectivity and yield (71.9% and 25.8%) were obtained within 15 min by microwave-assisted catalytic reaction, shorter than the reported value in the literature, indicating a suitable reaction time. Mg (6 wt.%)/NaX catalyst preserves the original catalytic performance up to three cycles, indicating that it is a promising catalyst for fructose production.

High Selective Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose Catalyzed by Amidoximed Polyacrylonitrile.

The isomerization of glucose to fructose provides an important way to expand the utilization of biomass. Herein, an amidoximated polyacrylonitrile (PAO) with an amidoxime functional group was prepared and used as an active heterogeneous catalyst for the isomerization of glucose to fructose. The PAO was characterized by SEM, XPS, and FTIR. The yield of fructose reached 48.9% with a selectivity of 98.6% for a 5 h reaction in aqueous solution at an initial pH of 6.5 and 85 °C. The pH caused a great influence on the conversion of glucose and selectivity of fructose while a little effect on the yield of fructose in the range of pH 5–10. The activation energy of isomerization reaction was evaluated as 79.7 kJ·mol–1. The catalysis mechanism was proposed, and the synergistic effect of oxime and amino groups played an important role in the isomerization of glucose. PAO maintained good catalytic activity after four cycles.

Modification of commercial Y zeolites by alkaline-treatment for improved performance in the isomerization of glucose to fructose

• Alkaline-treatment of H-Y resulted in mesopores and tetrahedral extra-framework lewis acidic al. • Alkaline-treated H-Y yielded high isomerization selectivity and low side product formation. • Na-Y unaffected by alkaline-treatment maintaining low isomerization performance despite a high number of acidic sites. Isomerization of glucose to fructose is a key reaction step in the efficient production of valuable renewable chemical intermediates from biomass. Zeolites have been widely used to promote glucose isomerization, but only limited structure-activity relationship has been established and applied to optimize the reaction. In this work, commercial Y zeolites were modified by alkaline-treatment and their physicochemical properties and structures were correlated in order to optimize the catalytic performance for glucose isomerization. For H-Y, the alkaline-treatment developed new mesoporous structures with larger pore, modified the Si-O(H)-Al bonds and extracted silica from framework structures creating more tetrahedral extra-framework Lewis acidic aluminum. This increased the isomerization selectivity towards fructose more than twelve times and decreased significantly acetalization/ketalization side reactions compared to the pristine zeolite. In contrast, Na-Y contained mainly micropores and had less tetrahedral non-framework acidic Al-species, resulting in low glucose conversion and low fructose yield due to limited substrate accessibility to the pores, although the number of acid sites was tenfold higher than in H-Y. The study demonstrates how commercial Y zeolites can be designed by alkaline-treatment to comprise mesopores and weak acid sites, which greatly improve the catalytic performance for glucose isomerization to fructose.

Natural mineral bentonite as catalyst for efficient isomerization of biomass-derived glucose to fructose in water.

The development of inexpensive and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of biomass including food and winery processing waste to value-added products is crucial in biorefinery. Glucose could be obtained via the hydrolysis of waste cellulose or starch-rich material, and the isomerization of glucose to fructose using either Lewis acid or Brønsted base catalysts is an important route in biorefinery. As a natural clay mineral, bentonite (Bt) is widely used as adsorption material and catalyst support, but how its intrinsic acid-base properties can impact the biomass conversion chemistry is still rarely reported. In this study, we investigated the influence of the textural and acid-base properties of Bt on the glucose isomerization reaction. The reaction kinetics and mechanism, and the effect of Al3+-exchange were explored. The results showed that the activation energy of Bt-catalyzed glucose conversion was 59.0kJmol-1, and the in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) characterization proved that Brønsted base was responsible for the isomerization. The highest fructose yield of 39.2% with 86.3% selectivity could be obtained at 110°C for 60min in water. Alkaline rinse and calcination can recover most of the catalytic activity of the spent catalyst.

Glucose isomerization catalyzed by swollen cellulose derived aluminum-hydrochar.

Since efficient isomerization of glucose to fructose is vital for valorizing cellulose fraction of biomass to value-added chemicals, an approach of engineering aluminum-hydrochar catalyst by impregnating aluminum on swollen cellulose derived hydrochar has been studied. The results showed that Al-hydrochar calcinated at 300°C achieved fructose yield of 26.3% in acetone/H2O reaction medium. It was found that the amorphous Al structures with nano-size on the surface of the carbon microspheres were the major contributor of the catalytic activity on glucose to fructose isomerization, while the formation of Al crystal had an inhibition effect on glucose isomerization. The deactivation study of Al-hydrochar catalysts showed the exfoliation of colloidal carbon containing aluminum active catalytic sites. This finding provides a novel strategy for efficient isomerization of glucose by Al-hydrochar prepared through hydrothermal carbonization and mild calcination activation process.

Valorization of humins from food waste biorefinery for synthesis of biochar-supported Lewis acid catalysts

To close the carbon loop of biomass waste valorization, it is imperative to utilize the unavoidable by-products such as humins, a carbonaceous residue with complex and heterogeneous composition. In this study, starch-rich rice waste was effectively converted into value-added chemicals (e.g., 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) under microwave heating at 160 °C using AlCl3 as the catalyst. The solid by-products, i.e., humins, were then valorized as a raw material for fabricating biochar-supported Lewis acid catalysts. The humins were collected and pretreated by AlCl3 as the impregnation agent, followed by carbonization. Detailed characterization revealed several AlO species on the biochar surface plausibly in the amorphous state. The oxygen-containing functional groups of humins might serve as anchoring sites for the Al species during impregnation. The humins-derived biochars exhibited good catalytic activity toward glucose-to-fructose isomerization, a common biorefinery reaction catalyzed by Lewis acids. A fructose yield of up to 14 Cmol% could be achieved under microwave heating at 160 °C for 20 min in water as the greenest solvent. Such catalytic performance was comparable with the previously reported Al-based catalysts derived from wood waste and graphene/graphitic oxide. This study herein highlights humins as a low-cost alternative source of carbon for the preparation of renewable solid catalysts, proposing a novel practice for recycling by-products from food waste valorization to foster circular economy and sustainable development.

Aplicação de óxidos de metais como catalisadores heterogêneos na isomerização da glicose em meio aquoso

RESUMO: Atualmente, o uso de fontes renováveis e sustentáveis para produzir energia e produtos químicos associados ao desenvolvimento de catalisadores heterogêneos é uma estratégia promissora, pois esses possuem a vantagem de serem recuperados e reutilizados, diminuindo custos e contaminações no produto. Nesse sentido, açúcares derivados de biomassa, como glicose e frutose, podem ser empregados como blocos de construção para fabricação de insumos químicos, que podem complementar ou substituir alguns derivados petroquímicos e que apresentam grande potencial industrial e alto valor agregado. Dessa forma, a isomerização da glicose à frutose em meio aquoso foi estudada utilizando óxidos de metais SnO2, MoO3 e SnO2/MoO3 comparativamente à reação sem catalisador. Foram avaliadas as atividades catalíticas em termos de conversão e rendimento à frutose nas temperaturas de 50 e 70º C com tempos de reação de 0,25 a 6 h. Os catalisadores foram caracterizados utilizando técnicas como espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho (FTIR), análise termogravimétrica (TG/DTA) e difração de raio-X (DRX). Os resultados demonstram que o fator principal que influência a conversão da glicose são os sítios ácidos presentes nos sistemas catalíticos. Com esse estudo pode-se constatar que o óxido de molibdênio e o óxido misto conduziram a altas conversões, porém o óxido de molibdênio apresentou melhores resultados em termos de rendimento à frutose. Além disso, foram identificados e quantificados outros produtos minoritários como gliceraldeído e piruvaldeído.
 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Biomassa. Catálise. Monossacarídeos.

Enhanced conversion of glucose to fructose over naturalattapulgite catalyst promoted by CeO2 in water

AbstractFructose is an important platform compound for the production of chemicals and renewable fuels. Here, the CeO2/ATP catalysts were developed for glucose isomerization in water. The effects of CeO2 loading, glucose concentration and the catalyst dosage to glucose ratio on the activity for the reaction were investigated. Glucose was easily transformed over ATP in the presence of CeO2, and the 10 % CeO2/ATP catalyst exhibited a good fructose yield of 36.4 %. Meanwhile, the reaction activity of glucose was affected by glucose concentration and the catalyst dosage to glucose ratio, and more fructose would be generated at lower glucose concentration, wherein the highest yield of fructose was obtained 39.2 % at 5 % of glucose solution with the catalyst dosage to glucose ratio of 0.1. In addition, the characterization resultsrevealed that CeO2 had a positive interaction with ATP on the adjustment of its structural properties and the amount and distribution of basic sites, and therefore facilitated glucose isomerization.

Mathematical model of dependence of factors for chromatographic separation of fructose from glucose-fructose syrup

The aim of this study is to determine the optimal parameters for the separation of glucose-fructose syrup sugars into glucose, fructose, and oligosaccharides. A mathematical model of chromatographic separation of glucose-fructose syrup (GFS) was constructed. During the optimization of the chromatographic separation process, it was found that the most significant parameter affecting the purity of the fructose yield is the dry matter content. In the course of research, it was found that the dry matter content of 30% is optimal for separating glucose-fructose syrup, at separating the use of this parameter made it possible to obtain a carbohydrate composition with a content of fructose 93%, glucose 5% and oligosaccharides 2%. This is the highest yield of fructose when separated by ion exchange resins of company “Purolite” brand PCR641Ca.

Acid-assisted extraction and hydrolysis of inulin from chicory roots to obtain fructose-enriched extracts

Chicory (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum) roots are an agricultural residue and a low cost feedstock for the production of the platform chemical 5-Hxdroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In a first step, inulin and fructose have to be extracted from the roots. The resulting aqueous extract represents the starting material for the HMF production. In the reaction to HMF, inulin has to be hydrolyzed first to fructose. For this reason, two methods to increase the fructose content in these extracts before the reaction were investigated. This was conducted within the framework of integrating acid hydrolysis into a biorefinery process for HMF production. The first method (one-step process) was acid-assisted extraction to directly hydrolyze inulin in the course of the extraction process. Chicory roots were extracted at 60 and 80 °C at pH 2 and 4 using buffer solutions. The second approach (two-step process) was aqueous extraction at neutral pH followed by nitric acid hydrolysis of the extract at 60 and 80 °C under reduced pH. It was found that in the first approach, the pH of 2 led to a fivefold increase in the fructose content of the extract, resulting from inulin hydrolysis and corresponding to 56% of theoretical fructose yield. For the second approach, it was possible to achieve complete hydrolysis at pH below 2.5 and at 80 °C. Separating extraction and hydrolysis was found to be more suitable in terms of including this process step into a biorefinery concept for HMF production. It was possible to reduce the initial inulin content by 95%.

Effect of the Solvent on the Basic Properties of Mg–Al Hydrotalcite Catalysts for Glucose Isomerization

We suggested the existence of a relationship between the base properties of Mg–Al hydrotalcite catalysts and the solvents employed in the industrially important isomerization of glucose produce fructose. We prepared Mg–Al hydrotalcite catalysts with different Mg/Al atomic ratios to tune the basic properties of the catalyst. The prepared catalysts were used in the glucose isomerization conducted in various solvents. Experimental results confirmed that the catalysts exhibited different activities in the different solvents. We also implemented the Hammett indicator method, which allows to analyze the basic properties of the catalysts in various solvents. According to evidence, the basic properties of the catalysts varied substantially in different solvents. Notably, increases in the catalysts’ base properties matched the observed increases in fructose yield of the glucose isomerization. Consequently, we suggested that, in order to prepare efficient Mg–Al hydrotalcite catalysts for glucose isomerization, the interaction between the solvent used to conduct the reaction and the basic properties of the catalyst, which are in turn influenced by the solvent, should be considered.

Prospective production of fructose and single cell protein from date palm waste

Abstract Background Fructose and single cell protein are important products for the food market. Abundant amounts of low-grade dates worldwide are annually wasted. In this study, highly concentrated fructose syrups and single cell protein were obtained through selective fermentation of date extracts by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results The effect of air flow (0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 vvm) and pH (4.5, 4.8, 5, 5.3 and 5.6) was investigated. Higher air flow led to lower fructose yield. The optimum cell mass production of 10 g/L was achieved at air flow of 1.25 vvm with the fructose yield of 91%. Similar cell mass production was obtained in the range pH of 5.0–5.6, while less cell mass was obtained at pH less than 5. Controlling the pH at 4.5, 5.0 and 5.3 failed to improve the production of cell mass which were 5.6, 5.9 and 5.4 g/L respectively; however, better fructose yield was obtained. Conclusions Extension of the modified Gompertz enabled excellent predictions of the cell mass, fructose production and fructose fraction. The proposed model was also successfully validated against data from literatures. Thus, the model will be useful for wide application of biological processes. How to cite: Putra MD, Abasaeed AE, Al-Zahrani SM. Prospective production of fructose and single cell protein from date palm waste. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.09.007 .

Economic and mathematical approach to optimization of vacuum-freeze drying of the enzyme preparation inulinase Bacillus polymyxa 29

One of the promising directions of improving the processes of processing plant raw materials is bioconversion using enzyme preparations, the use of which allows you to significantly change, intensify and improve existing technologies for the production of food products as a system of energy-efficient processes. The subject of the study is the enzyme preparation of inulinase Bacillus polymyxa 29, which ensures the conversion of the plant polymer inulin to fructose. Fructose has an increased interest in food technologies as a safer human health alternative to sucrose. Fructose yield reaches 90–95%; the sweetness coefficient of fructose is 1.73 times higher than sucrose. Production of enzyme with maximum activity is achieved by vacuum-sublimation drying at time-programmed mode of heat supply control taking into account limitations due to quality of heat exchange and economic feasibility of the process. Method of selection of optimal solutions in vacuum-sublimation drying of feather preparation Bacillus polymyxa 29 according to profit index is proposed. The proposed approach resolved the main technical gap between productivity and energy consumption. An optimal loading of the sublimator has been established, which ensures the minimization of specific electric power consumption for various values of the initial moisture drying of the enzyme, taking into account the given efficiency of the vacuum sublimation dryer.

Catalytic conversion of glucose in fructose utilizing high-silica zeolite Sn-ZSM-12

Abstract Tin incorporation in high-silica ZSM-12 zeolite was evaluated using different concentrations of tin and different structure-directing agents (SDA), in order to be used in the glucose isomerization reaction in fructose. The tetraethylammonium hydroxide SDA successfully formed the structure of the high silica zeolite ZSM-12; however, in this system, the addition of Sn prevented the formation of the ZSM-12 zeolite. Therefore, tetraethylammonium bromide was used as SDA, but the syntheses of high-silica ZSM-12 zeolite without and with tin incorporation were not effective. Then methyltriethylammonium chloride was used as SDA, and the high-silica ZSM-12 structure was formed only with the incorporation of tin. The samples with ZSM-12 structure and different concentrations of tin were evaluated in reaction of glucose conversion to fructose. It was found that the sample with the lowest tin content ( Sn / Si = 0 . 005 ) achieved the highest glucose conversion and the highest fructose yield.

Versatile post-synthetic Sn incorporation into hierarchically porous BEA zeolite for glucose isomerization in 1-butanol

Abstract Glucose isomerization in water has been widely investigated using Sn-BEA zeolites as Lewis acid catalysts. Recently, it was reported that the use of 1-butanol as a solvent can be advantageous in terms of enhanced fructose yields and easy product separation. In this study, we investigated glucose isomerization both in water and 1-butanol over a series of Sn-BEA zeolites including one directly crystallized in a F− medium and the others prepared by post-synthetic Sn incorporation. The directly crystallized Sn-BEA showed high fructose yield (34%) in water because of its defect-free hydrophobic nature, which suppressed the inhibition of Lewis acid sites by water. However, in 1-butanol, it showed the lowest fructose yield and fastest deactivation among the catalysts, because of its extra-large zeolite crystallites (ca. 15 μm) causing mass transfer limitation and undesired side reactions. The Sn-BEA catalysts prepared by post-synthetic Sn incorporation showed limited catalytic performance in water because of hydroxyl defects. However, they showed superior performances in 1-butanol because of the much smaller crystallites and enhanced mass transfer. In particular, the hierarchical Sn-BEA having 10–20 nm crystallites and significant intercrystalline mesoporosity showed a very large fructose yield (55%) that are difficult to achieve in typical aqueous-phase glucose isomerization (

Boron Biofortification of Portulaca oleracea L. through Soilless Cultivation for a New Tailored Crop

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a wild edible plant, traditionally consumed in the Mediterranean area and recently proposed as a new ready-to-eat vegetable; it is also called the “vegetable for long life” because of the high contents of several healthy compounds. Although boron (B) is not considered to be essential for humans, a daily intake of about 2 mg to obtain positive effects on aging in adult men and women has been suggested. In this study, two genotypes of purslane (wild collected and commercial variety) are grown by using a hydroponic system with three boron (B) levels in the nutrient solution (NS) (0.3 mg/L—control, 3 mg/L—low level of biofortification, and 6 mg/L—high level of biofortification) in order to increase the B content in the edible parts of the plant. The crop yield, color traits, and content of glucose, fructose, total phenols, chlorophylls, carotenoids, mineral elements (Al, B, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and Zn), nitrate, and oxalate are analyzed. Independent of the genotype, the B content in edible purslane was successfully increased in comparison with the control, obtaining 1.8- to 10.7-fold higher values of B tissue concentrations by using, respectively, 3 and 6 mg/L of B in the NS without affecting crop performances. From a nutritional point of view, the average daily intake of B could be satisfied by consuming about 75 or 48 g of purslane, grown by using 3 and 6 mg/L B level in the NS, respectively. Apart from B and Fe, the content of mineral elements in edible parts of purslane was not strongly influenced by different B levels in the NS but it was affected by genotypes. A lower sugar content was found in wild purslane grown with the highest B level. A higher content of both chlorophylls and carotenoids was found in the control but only for the commercial genotype. No differences in oxalate content were observed among B levels in the NS, while only in the case of wild genotype, we found a lower nitrate content when a B concentration of 3 mg/L was used in the NS. In conclusion, we demonstrated the possibility of using the floating hydroponic system, combined with specific B concentrations in the NS composition, as a method to calibrate the B uptake in edible parts of purslane.

Malt and beer-related by-products as potential antioxidant skin-lightening agents for cosmetics

Malt and beer-related by-products, namely caramalt, aromatic malt, roasted malt, malt sprouts, dark beer spent grains, and wheat beer spent grains were extracted with water under moderate conditions to exploit the potential as sources of bioactive compounds. After characterizing the extracts in terms of carbohydrate, amino acid, and phenolic contents and composition, their antioxidant potential was assessed in vitro using keratinocyte cell cultures. Malt sprouts provided highest yields of glucose (50.1 mg g-1) and fructose (38.4 mg g-1), while the other materials gave up to 13.5 mg g-1. Furthermore, malt sprouts gave a total amino acid content of 57.6 mg g-1. Extracts of darker malts such as caramalt and roasted malt exhibited the highest yields of phenolic compounds of about 12.9 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g-1 and extracts from spent grains had the lowest total yield with 5.1 and 1.8 mg GAE g-1 (dark beer and wheat beer spent grains), respectively. Phenolic compounds in caramalt extract inhibited the tyrosinase activity by 78% and 87%, when applying extract concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, respectively. Dark malt, roasted malt as well as the malt sprouts extracts achieved similar effects of 86% and 80% inhibition, when using a 1% extract. In contrast, extracts of spent grains showed low inhibitory effects. This study indicates the potential of malt and beer-related by-products as biological sources of ingredients for cosmeceutical products, for instance, in skin whitening.

Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose in Hydrolysates from Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Hydrotalcite

The isomerization of glucose-containing hydrolysates to fructose is a key step in the process from lignocellulosic biomass to the platform chemical hydroxymethylfurfural. We investigated the isomerization reaction of glucose to fructose in water catalyzed by hydrotalcite. Catalyst characterization was performed via IR, XRD, and SEM. Firstly, glucose solutions at pH-neutral conditions were converted under variation of the temperature, residence time, and catalyst loading, whereby a maximum of 25 wt.% fructose yield was obtained at a 38 wt.% glucose conversion. Secondly, isomerization was performed at pH = 2 using glucose solutions as well as glucose-containing hydrolysates from lignocellulosic biomass. Under acidic conditions, the hydrotalcite loses its activity for isomerization. Consequently, it is unavoidable to neutralize the acidic hydrolysate before the isomerization step with an inexpensive base. As a neutralizing agent NaOH is preferred over Ba(OH)2, since higher fructose yields are achieved with NaOH. Lastly, a pH-neutral hydrolysate from lignocellulose was subjected to isomerization, yielding 16 wt.% fructose at a 32 wt.% glucose conversion. This work targets the application of catalytic systems on real biomass-derived samples.