Frontiers Of Science Research Articles

Analysis of the Current Status and Hot Technologies of Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage

Carbon dioxide geological storage is one of the key measures to control and alleviate atmospheric carbon dioxide content. To better grasp the developmental dynamic and trend of carbon dioxide geological storage research over the world, promoting the research of CO2 storage theory and technology, 5052 related studies published in the past 22 years were collected from the Web Of Science database. The annual published articles on carbon dioxide geological storage research, partnerships, research hotspots, and frontiers were analyzed by using the knowledge map method of article analysis. The results show that the articles on the carbon dioxide geological storage are increasing yearly. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom are the most active countries; meanwhile, Tianfu Xu and Xiaochun Li from China are experts with the most achievements in the field of carbon dioxide geological storage. Although the theoretical and research frameworks for geological storage of CO2 are abundant, the field of enhanced gas formation recovery, shale gas extraction and subsurface storage, methane reservoirs, and methane adsorption are still challenging frontier science and technology topics.

ERC science and invention: Does ERC break free from the EU Paradox?

We explore the relationship between government-supported science and its translation into inventive activities, focusing on the European Research Council (ERC), the principal funding mechanism for top-quality research in Europe. We show that, compared to similar European research, ERC science accrues a greater number of patent citations. Moreover, patents that draw upon ERC research are of superior quality, measured by forward citations. Compared to similar European research, inventive activities arising from ERC science are more likely to be housed within universities and public research organizations. In absolute terms, however, US organizations, especially US companies, still lead in deriving the greatest benefits from ERC science. The significant disparity in corporate sector patenting linked to ERC science in the US and EU is fueled by inventions undertaken by startups, highlighting the crucial role of a dynamic startup landscape in driving inventions at the frontier of science. Overall, our findings suggest that ERC science continues to face challenges associated with the so-called European Paradox.

A Survey on Dialogue Management in Human-robot Interaction

As social robots see increasing deployment within the general public, improving the interaction with those robots is essential. Spoken language offers an intuitive interface for the human–robot interaction (HRI), with dialogue management (DM) being a key component in those interactive systems. Yet, to overcome current challenges and manage smooth, informative, and engaging interaction, a more structural approach to combining HRI and DM is needed. In this systematic review, we analyze the current use of DM in HRI and focus on the type of dialogue manager used, its capabilities, evaluation methods, and the challenges specific to DM in HRI. We identify the challenges and current scientific frontier related to the DM approach, interaction domain, robot appearance, physical situatedness, and multimodality.

Islamic Theology and Extraterrestrial Life: New Frontiers in Science and Religion, edited by Shoaib Ahmed Malik and Jörg Matthias Determann

Islamic Theology and Extraterrestrial Life: New Frontiers in Science and Religion, edited by Shoaib Ahmed Malik and Jörg Matthias Determann

Tropes and the Literary-Scientific Revolution: Forms of Proof, by Michael Slater

Tropes and the Literary-Scientific Revolution: Forms of Proof, by Michael Slater

Data-enhanced revealing of trends in Geoscience

Abstract Purpose This article presents an in-depth analysis of global research trends in Geosciences from 2014 to 2023. By integrating bibliometric analysis with expert insights from the Deeptime Digital Earth (DDE) initiative, this article identifies key emerging themes shaping the landscape of Earth Sciences①. Design/methodology/approach The identification process involved a meticulous analysis of over 400,000 papers from 466 Geosciences journals and approximately 5,800 papers from 93 interdisciplinary journals sourced from the Web of Science and Dimensions database. To map relationships between articles, citation networks were constructed, and spectral clustering algorithms were then employed to identify groups of related research, resulting in 407 clusters. Relevant research terms were extracted using the Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) algorithm, followed by statistical analyses on the volume of papers, average publication year, and average citation count within each cluster. Additionally, expert knowledge from DDE Scientific Committee was utilized to select top 30 trends based on their representation, relevance, and impact within Geosciences, and finalize naming of these top trends with consideration of the content and implications of the associated research. This comprehensive approach in systematically delineating and characterizing the trends in a way which is understandable to geoscientists. Findings Thirty significant trends were identified in the field of Geosciences, spanning five domains: deep space, deep time, deep Earth, habitable Earth, and big data. These topics reflect the latest trends and advancements in Geosciences and have the potential to address real-world problems that are closely related to society, science, and technology. Research limitations The analyzed data of this study only contain those were included in the Web of Science. Practical implications This study will strongly support the organizations and individual scientists to understand the modern frontier of earth science, especially on solid earth. The organizations such as the surveys or natural science fund could map out areas for future exploration and analyze the hot topics reference to this study. Originality/value This paper integrates bibliometric analysis with expert insights to highlight the most significant trends on earth science and reach the individual scientist and public by global voting.

Human microbiome and health: Disease, intervention, and regulation

This paper explores the complicated connection between human health and microbiome, with a particular emphasis on the symbiotic relationships that exist between bacteria and the human body. The human microbiome, which is comprised of up of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms, is essential for many body processes, which include digestion, immunological response, metabolism, and even mental health. However, our understanding of these complex relationships remains rudimentary, with existing research facing limitations in sample sizes, research depth, and longitudinal studies. The essay further explores the modulation and intervention of the microbiome, discussing dietary interventions and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) as promising strategies for microbiome therapy. Despite the challenges and limitations in current research, the study of the human microbiome and its impact on health represents a frontier in medical science, with the potential to revolutionize our approach to health and disease

Exploring the Frontier of Data Science: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions

Data science, an interdisciplinary field, has profoundly transformed our understanding and utilization of data across diverse sectors such as healthcare, finance, marketing, and transportation. With the rapid advancements in computational power and the exponential growth of data from digital sources, sophisticated methodologies and tools have emerged, enabling deeper insights and more informed decision-making. This paper explores the latest innovations in data science, focusing on advancements in machine learning algorithms, big data technologies, and data visualization tools. It highlights the development of cutting-edge techniques that enhance predictive accuracy, optimize resource allocation, and improve operational efficiencies. Additionally, we address the key challenges faced by practitioners, including ensuring data quality and management, navigating ethical and privacy concerns, and bridging the skill gap within the workforce. By examining these aspects, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of data science and its implications for future research and application. The insights gathered aim to guide researchers and professionals in leveraging data science advancements while addressing the inherent challenges to maximize the potential benefits across various industries.

70Zn-induced fusion reactions for synthesis of superheavy element Z=120

In this work, we delved into the intriguing realm of nuclear physics by investigating fusion reactions initiated by [Formula: see text]Zn projectiles colliding with various stable isotopes of thorium nuclei, including [Formula: see text]Th. Our primary objective was the synthesis of the superheavy element [Formula: see text]. To achieve this, we employed an advanced statistical model to evaluate the evaporation residue cross-sections. Remarkably, we observed that the fusion reaction between [Formula: see text]Zn and [Formula: see text]Th exhibited the highest evaporation residue cross-sections, reaching a peak value. Furthermore, the 3n channel within this fusion reaction yielded substantially larger evaporation cross-sections, with a notable value of 0.89 picobarns. The predicted cross-sections fall within the measurable range, making them highly valuable for experimental endeavors aimed at synthesizing the superheavy element [Formula: see text]. This research not only contributes to our understanding of nuclear reactions but also holds promise for expanding our knowledge of the heaviest elements in the periodic table, potentially opening new frontiers in nuclear science.

Preface: 5th International Symposium on Frontiers of Economics and Management Science (FEMS 2024)

It was a great pleasure to welcome you to 5th International Symposium on Frontiers of Economics and Management Science (FEMS 2024), which had been held successfully during April 13-14, 2024 in Macao, China. The organizing committees are very grateful indeed to the presence of Prof. W. Wang who from Central China Normal University, and Prof. W. Yue from University of Bedfordshire. We also wish to thank the plenary and invited speakers: Prof. S, Karsten from University of Waterloo, Canada, Prof. G.S. Liu from Hunan University, Prof. S. Zhu from Wuhan University, Prof. P. Wang from Guangzhou College of Commerce. FEMS 2024 had gained respect in the scientific community with consistent hard work of its organizers. The objective of publishing this proceedings is to record, acknowledge, and share the cherished contribution made by the symposium participants. With our warmest regards, Conference Committees

Imaging and ferroelectric orientation mapping of photostriction in a single Bismuth Ferrite nanocrystal

The exploration of multiferroic materials and their interaction with light at the nanoscale presents a captivating frontier in materials science. Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO3, BFO), a standout among these materials, exhibits room-temperature ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic behaviour and magnetoelectric coupling. Of particular interest is the phenomenon of photostriction, the light-induced deformation of crystal structures, which enhances the prospect for device functionality based on these materials. Understanding and harnessing multiferroic phenomena holds significant promise in various technological applications, from optoelectronics to energy storage. The orientation of the ferroelectric axis is an important design parameter for devices formed from multiferroic materials. Determining its orientation in the laboratory frame of reference usually requires knowing multiple wavevector transfer (Q-Vector) directions, which can be challenging to establish due to the need for extensive reciprocal-space searches. Our study demonstrates a method to identify the ferroelectric axis orientation using Bragg Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging (BCDI) measurements at a single Q-vector direction. This method involves applying photostriction-inducing laser illumination across various laser polarisations. Our findings reveal that photostriction primarily occurs as a surface phenomenon at the nanoscale. Moreover, a photo-induced crystal length change ranging from 30 to 60 nm was observed, consistent with earlier findings on bulk material.

New frontiers in animal welfare science: an introduction to (farmed) insects.

New frontiers in animal welfare science: an introduction to (farmed) insects.

A blueprint for a new commercial driving epidemiology: An emerging paradigm grounded in integrative exposome and network epistemologies.

Excess health and safety risks of commercial drivers are largely determined by, embedded in, or operate as complex, dynamic, and randomly determined systems with interacting parts. Yet, prevailing epidemiology is entrenched in narrow, deterministic, and static exposure-response frameworks along with ensuing inadequate data and limiting methods, thereby perpetuating an incomplete understanding of commercial drivers' health and safety risks. This paper is grounded in our ongoing research that conceptualizes health and safety challenges of working people as multilayered "wholes" of interacting work and nonwork factors, exemplified by complex-systems epistemologies. Building upon and expanding these assumptions, herein we: (a) discuss how insights from integrative exposome and network-science-based frameworks can enhance our understanding of commercial drivers' chronic disease and injury burden; (b) introduce the "working life exposome of commercial driving" (WLE-CD)-an array of multifactorial and interdependent work and nonwork exposures and associated biological responses that concurrently or sequentially impact commercial drivers' health and safety during and beyond their work tenure; (c) conceptualize commercial drivers' health and safety risks as multilayered networks centered on the WLE-CD and network relational patterns and topological properties-that is, arrangement, connections, and relationships among network components-that largely govern risk dynamics; and (d) elucidate how integrative exposome and network-science-based innovations can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of commercial drivers' chronic disease and injury risk dynamics. Development, validation, and proliferation of this emerging discourse can move commercial driving epidemiology to the frontier of science with implications for policy, action, other working populations, and population health at large.

Knowledge mapping of links between dendritic cells and allergic diseases: A bibliometric analysis (2004–2023)

In this study, bibliometric analysis was carried out to comprehend the global research trends, hotspots, scientific frontiers, and output characteristics of the links between dendritic cells (DCs) and allergic diseases from 2004 to 2023. Publications and their recorded information were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). VOSviewer and Citespace were used to visualize the hotspots and trends of research area. ChemBio 3D, Autodock tools, and Discovery Studio were used to visualize the molecular docking results of hotspots. A total of 4861 articles were retrieved. The number of publications (Np) was in a high and stable state. Years 2011 and 2017 were two peaks in Np. The largest contributor in terms of publications, scholars, and affiliations was the USA. The paper published in NATURE MEDICINE (IF: 82.9) and written by Trompette, A in 2006 had the highest global citation score (GCS). Keywords, such as “asthma,” “t-cells,” “inflammation,” “expression,” “atopic dermatitis,” “food allergy,” “gut microbiota,” “murine model,” and “cytokines related to immunity” appeared the most frequently. Most of the binding free energy of the key active components of Saposhnikovia divaricata docked with toll-like receptor proteins well. This bibliometric study aimed to help better comprehend the present state and make decisions from a macro viewpoint.

High-resolution Spectroscopic Reconnaissance of a Temperate Sub-Neptune

The study of temperate sub-Neptunes is the new frontier in exoplanetary science. A major development in the past year has been the first detection of carbon-bearing molecules in the atmosphere of a temperate sub-Neptune, K2-18 b, a possible Hycean world, with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The JWST is poised to characterize the atmospheres of several other such planets, with important implications for planetary processes in the temperate regime. Meanwhile, ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy has been highly successful in detecting chemical signatures of giant exoplanets, though low-mass planets have remained elusive. In the present work, we report the atmospheric reconnaissance of a temperate sub-Neptune, TOI-732 c, using ground-based high-resolution transmission spectroscopy. The long orbital period and the low systemic velocity result in a low planetary radial velocity during transit, making this system a valuable test bed for high-resolution spectroscopy of temperate sub-Neptunes. We observe high-resolution time-series spectroscopy in the H and K bands during the planetary transit with the IGRINS instrument (R ∼ 45,000) on Gemini-South. Using observations from a single transit, we find marginal evidence (2.2σ) for the presence of methane (CH4) in the atmosphere and no evidence for ammonia (NH3) despite its strong detectability for a cloud-free H2-rich atmosphere. We assess our findings using injection tests with different atmospheric scenarios and find them to be consistent with a high CH4/NH3 ratio and/or the presence of high-altitude clouds. Our results demonstrate the capability of Gemini-S/IGRINS for atmospheric characterization of temperate sub-Neptunes and the complementarity between space- and ground-based facilities in this planetary regime.

Atomic-level analysis of unusual mechanical and failure behaviors in compositionally graded nanowires: A molecular dynamics study

Compositionally graded materials have emerged at the frontier of science involving material science, engineering, physics, and chemistry due to their unusual and tunable material properties derived from spatial variations in compositions. However, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical and failure behavior of compositionally graded nanostructures, particularly at the atomic level, has remained elusive. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the tensile mechanical and failure properties of CuNi nanowires with compositional gradients. The nanowires exhibit a dual variation in composition along the longitudinal direction following power-law functions. The findings demonstrate that Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and yielding stress of nanowires decrease with an increase in the gradient index. Remarkably, the mechanical properties exhibit higher sensitivity to changes in the gradient index for nanowires displaying composition distribution in a convex function, while they exhibit lower sensitivity for those with concave functions. Furthermore, the necking and failure processes predominantly occur in regions with highly varied compositions. Moreover, as the gradient index increases, the distance between the necking position and the mid-plane of nanowires decreases. Additionally, this study provides a detailed discussion of the phase transitions that occur during the tension process.

Towards tailored thermoelectric materials: An artificial intelligence-powered approach to material design

The pursuit of novel thermoelectric (TE) materials with exceptional properties stands as a critical frontier in material science. This transformative endeavor demands a paradigm shift in materials discovery, necessitating the integration of cutting-edge computational approaches. In this groundbreaking study, we employ the power of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to accelerate the identification of promising TE candidates. By meticulously training an ANN model on a comprehensive dataset of TE compounds and their corresponding properties, we have established a powerful tool capable of accurately predicting atoms that can be substituted into a TE material's structure to achieve desired TE properties. Our findings, validated the Materials Research Laboratory (MRL) dataset, demonstrate the exceptional accuracy of the ANN model, with an r2 detection coefficient of 0.97 in the best architectural case. This underscores the transformative potential of ANNs in propelling materials discovery forward, offering a promising avenue for the development of next-generation TE devices.

Prospects to study hyperon-nucleon interactions at BESIII* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11935018, 11875054, 12165022), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences (QYZDJ-SSW-SLH003), and the Fundamental Research Project of Yunnan Province, China (202301AT070162)

The prospects to study hyperon-nucleus/nucleon interactions at BESIII and similar colliders are analyzed in this paper. Utilizing the large quantity of hyperons produced by the decay of 10 billion and 2.7 billion collected at BESIII, the cross sections of several specific elastic and inelastic hyperon-nucleus reactions can be measured via scattering between hyperons and nucleus in the dense objects of the BESIII detector. Subsequently, the cross sections of the corresponding hyperon-nucleon interactions can be extracted from further phenomenological calculations. The interactions between antihyperons and nucleus/nucleon, including scattering and annihilation, can also be studied using the method proposed in this study. The results will definitely benefit the realization of precise probes for hyperon-nuclei/nucleus interactions and establish constraints to study the potential of strong interaction, the origin of color confinement, a unified model for baryon-baryon interactions, and the internal structure of neutron stars. In addition, the desirable prospects of corresponding studies in the future Super Tau-Charm Factory (STCF) are discussed and estimated in this study.

Introducing Carborane Clusters into Crystalline Frameworks via Thiol-Yne Click Chemistry for Energetic Materials.

Crystalline frameworks represent a cutting-edge frontier in material science, and recently, there has been a surge of interest in energetic crystalline frameworks. However, the well-established porosity often leads to diminished output energy, necessitating a novel approach for performance enhancement. Thiol-yne coupling, a versatile metal-free click reaction, has been underutilized in crystalline frameworks. As a proof of concept, we herein demonstrate the potential of this approach by introducing the energy-rich, size-matched, and reductive 1,2-dicarbadodecaborane-1-thiol (CB-SH) into an acetylene-functionalized framework, Zn(AIm)2, via thiol-yne click reaction. This innovative decoration strategy resulted in a remarkable 46.6 % increase in energy density, a six-fold reduction in ignition delay time (4 ms) with red fuming nitric acid as the oxidizer, and impressive enhancement of stability. Density functional theory calculations were employed to elucidate the mechanism by which CB-SH promotes hypergolic ignition. The thiol-yne click modification strategy presented here permits engineering of crystalline frameworks for the design of advanced energetic materials.

Introducing Carborane Clusters into Crystalline Frameworks via Thiol‐Yne Click Chemistry for Energetic Materials

AbstractCrystalline frameworks represent a cutting‐edge frontier in material science, and recently, there has been a surge of interest in energetic crystalline frameworks. However, the well‐established porosity often leads to diminished output energy, necessitating a novel approach for performance enhancement. Thiol‐yne coupling, a versatile metal‐free click reaction, has been underutilized in crystalline frameworks. As a proof of concept, we herein demonstrate the potential of this approach by introducing the energy‐rich, size‐matched, and reductive 1,2‐dicarbadodecaborane‐1‐thiol (CB−SH) into an acetylene‐functionalized framework, Zn(AIm)2, via thiol‐yne click reaction. This innovative decoration strategy resulted in a remarkable 46.6 % increase in energy density, a six‐fold reduction in ignition delay time (4 ms) with red fuming nitric acid as the oxidizer, and impressive enhancement of stability. Density functional theory calculations were employed to elucidate the mechanism by which CB−SH promotes hypergolic ignition. The thiol‐yne click modification strategy presented here permits engineering of crystalline frameworks for the design of advanced energetic materials.