Front Head Research Articles

Non-geodesic winding design method for the composite shell of unequal-pole-hole solid rocket motor

Advanced composite materials have the advantages of high specific strength, high specific modulus, good fatigue resistance, good shock absorption performance, and strong designability. They are widely used in the fields of national defense science and technology and civil engineering. To make a more accurate winding design of the composite shell of the non-equidistant solid rocket motor, based on the ANSYS ACP composite structure design and analysis software, this paper uses the cubic spline function method to design the fiber winding thickness of the shell head section for a solid rocket motor. The Runge-Kutta method is used to calculate the changing winding angle of the non-geodesic line, and the changing winding angle and winding thickness on the head are simulated based on the look-up table interpolation table module in ACP. Finally, the mechanical properties of the designed shell under certain internal pressure are simulated and analyzed. Through the simulation analysis of the designed engine model, it is found that the connection between the front head and the barrel section is a weak profit, and the follow-up study should reinforce this area.

Ctenocephalides orientis and Ctenocephalides felis in Thailand: Head geometry by species, sex and geography.

Fleas in the genus Ctenocephalides serve as biological vectors or intermediate hosts of microorganisms such as bacteria, rickettsia, protozoa and helminths. Ctenocephalides felis has a worldwide distribution, while C. orientis has long been considered as a subspecies of C. felis in Asia. To help the morphological recognition of these two species and further explore their differences, we used the geometric morphometric approach applied to the head. Both sexes were examined. Five anatomical landmarks of the head were used, and to capture the curvature of the front head, 10 semilandmarks were added. There was a consistent difference in species classification accuracy when considering landmarks only versus their combination with semilandmarks, suggesting the importance of the curve of the head as a taxonomic signal. Using or not the labels in the reclassification analyses, the head shape allowed by itself almost perfect recognition of the two species, in both sexes, even after adjustment for prior probabilities. The same approach disclosed a high level of sexual size and shape dimorphism in both species. The contribution of size variation to the discrimination by shape was much more important between sexes (from 27% to 45%) than between species (from 0.7% to 7.1%). Nevertheless, in our data, size never could represent a way to reliably recognise the sex of an individual, even less its species. Geographical variation in head shape could only be explored for the C. orientis sample. No significant correlation of morphometric variation with geography could be detected, which would be consistent with gene flow between Thai provinces. The geometric morphometric approach of the flea head, when it incorporates head curves, is a promising tool for rapid, economical, and accurate species and sex identification. It is, therefore, a useful tool for future epidemiological and demographic studies.

A thermo-chemo-mechanical model for material extrusion of frontally polymerizing thermoset polymers

The material extrusion of thermoset polymers that undergo frontal polymerization produces three-dimensional structures with complex freestanding shapes without the use of sacrificial support material. In this technique, a gelled monomeric ink is extruded from a nozzle and undergoes rapid curing by a self-energized reaction front. Between extrusion and complete curing, the material experiences large deformations, viscous dissipation, rapid heating, and solidification. A mathematical model for these processes is developed in the current study to guide the selection of process parameters for achieving defect-free prints and high dimensional stability. A thermo-chemo-mechanical theory is presented to model the extruded viscoelastic filament and its transition to a fully cured thermoset polymer. Additionally, a computational model is developed to simulate the 3D printing of common structures. Numerical examples are included for linear and curvilinear extrusions to illustrate the role of printing parameters like the extrusion, front, and printer head velocities. Comparisons with experiments, including some new experiments, for archetypal geometries demonstrate the utility of the model in the identification of process parameters for defect-free prints.

Description of the termite genus Prohamitermes (Termitinae) with new characters from the Leuser Ecosystem, Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Muarrif S, Samadi S, Jauharlina J, Syaukani S. 2023. Description of the termite genus Prohamitermes (Termitinae) with new characters from the Leuser Ecosystem, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6119-6125. Prohamitermes is a termite genus that belongs to the subfamily Termitinae, alongside 61 other genera, within the family Termitidae. Termitidae, comprising 70% of all termite species, is the most prominent family in Isoptera. However, limited information about this Prohamitermes genus is available. Consequently, researchers and experts in the field have encountered challenges in acquiring comprehensive knowledge about the genus due to the need for more relevant literature. This paucity of information needs to improve our understanding of its characteristics, behavior, and ecological significance. Therefore, describing Prohamitermes is necessary to taxonomically identify termites from the subfamily Termitinae. This comprehensive study was meticulously conducted within the pristine Leuser Ecosystem (LE), employing a rigorously standardized transect protocol specifically developed to ensure accurate termite analysis. The genus is characterized by certain features present in its head capsule. Firstly, the shape of the front in a lateral view is a distinguishing characteristic, followed by the shape of the lateral sides (left and right) of the head capsule as observed from a dorsal view. While previous journals have described this termite genus based on the shape of its labrum and mandibles, this article focuses on the shape of its head capsule, specifically the front and lateral head capsule. Additionally, the article discusses the ecology of Prohamitermes. The morphological description presented in this study is expected to contribute to termite research, particularly in termite taxonomy and control.

Inflammatory pseudotumor of frontal sinus mimicking an aggressive malignancy: a rare case with diagnostic challenge on fine needle aspiration

Abstract Introduction/Objective Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of sinonasal tract is a rare disease that sometimes mimicks malignancy in radiographic findings. Diagnosis of IPT on fine needle aspiration (FNA) is challenging due to limited cellularity and lack of architectural evaluation. Methods/Case Report Patient is a 59-year-old female presented with left front head swelling, facial pain and pressure. Imaging demonstrated a 3.0 cm hypermetabolic frontal sinus mass with osseous erosion through the calvaria table and deviating the adjacent dura, suspicious for malignancy. Also, an incidental 6.8 cm renal mass was identified and was proven to be clear cell renal cell carcinoma. FNA from frontal sinus showed loosely cohesive atypical cells with prominent nucleoli and occasional mitotic activity mixed with lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and eosinophils. Extensive immunostains showed that the lesional cells were only weakly stained for CD10 and desmin. Because of prominent cytologic atypia and radiological concerning for malignancy, FNA was diagnosed as malignancy not further classified. The patient underwent frontal sinus resection and the surgical specimen showed spindle cell proliferation surrounded by reactive woven bone with plump osteoblasts in a myxocollagenous stroma containing mixed lymphoplasmacytic cells and eosinophils. The spindle cells are positive for actin and calponin, negative for ALK. The spindle cells and plump osteoblasts corresponded to the atypical cells observed on FNA. The overall finding is consistent with IPT, although inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor cannot be completely ruled out. During follow up, the patient developed metastatic renal cell carcinoma in lung. Her frontal sinus lesion was stable for 17 months after surgery. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion IPT of sinonasal tract is a rare lesion that sometimes demonstrate aggressive radiologic features. FNA from IPT poses a diagnostic challenge and can be misinterpreted as malignancy due to prominent cytologic atypia. Being aware of this rare entity helps avoid misdiagnosis and triggers the request for core biopsy during onsite evaluation.

Strong surface winds in Storm Eunice. Part 1: storm overview and indications of sting jet activity from observations and model data

Strong surface winds in Storm <i>Eunice</i>. Part 1: storm overview and indications of sting jet activity from observations and model data

Savings and Loan Transaction Agreement from the Perspective of Islamic Business Ethics

UED-SP Barokah Mandiri, owned by the village government, is one of the choices often used as a place for borrowing funds by the community. However, the contract agreement used is conventional. So, there are many perceptions that those who are not Sharia are not that good. This raises the question of whether it is true that conventionally based agreements are not good. In order to see this, the researcher will examine the model of the contract agreement carried out by UED-SP and its services to prospective/customers from the perspective of Islamic business ethics. The research method used is field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data analysis model uses inductive reasoning. Data sources were obtained from front liners, heads, customers and prospective UED-SP Barokah Mandiri Penampi Village customers and documents. The research location is the Penampi Village area, precisely at UED-SP Barokah Mandiri, Penampi Village. The data analysis model used is descriptive qualitative. The choice of this method was to analyze and explain the phenomenon or social condition of the people of Penampi Village who work as farmers and need a source of funds. However, the closest financial institution there is a conventional financial institution. The results of the study show that in terms of business ethics, the agreements and services carried out by UED-SP Barokah Mandiri are more or less compatible with the values of Islamic business ethics.

Interperformer coordination in piano-singing duo performances: phrase structure and empathy impact.

Musicians' body motion plays a fundamental role in ensemble playing, by supporting sound production, communication, and expressivity. This research investigates how Western classical musicians' head motion during ensemble performances relates to a piece's phrase structure and musicians' empathic perspective taking (EPT) profile. Twenty-four advanced piano and singing students took part in the study, and their EPT score was pre-assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. High and low EPT duos were formed, and musicians were paired with a co-performer from the same and the other EPT group. Musicians rehearsed Fauré's Automne and Schumann's Die Kartenlegerin, and performed the pieces one time before and three times after rehearsal. Motion capture data of the musicians' front head, audio, and MIDI recordings of the performances were collected and analysed. Similarity in musicians' head motion and tendency to lead/lag their co-performer were computed by extracting, respectively, power and phase difference of the cross-wavelet transforms of the velocity curves of each paired marker. Results demonstrate that the power of interperformer coordination corresponds to the piece's phrase levels and that singer's EPT can impact the leader-follower relationships between musicians, depending on piece and take number. In the Fauré piece, the higher the singer's EPT score, the higher the tendency for the singer to lead and pianist to follow in take 3, and the lower the tendency for the singer to lead and pianist to follow in take 2. These results contribute to a further understanding of the mechanisms underpinning social interactions, by revealing the complexity of the association between empathy and body motion in ensembles in promoting and diffusing leadership between musicians.

Frontally polymerized foams: thermodynamic and kinetical aspects of front hindrance by particles.

Frontal polymerization (FP) is a solvent-free, energy-efficient process where a self-propagating polymerization reaction with a characteristic sharp temperature gradient at the front head propagates through the resin to provide the curing conditions. It relies on the enthalpic balance, which spreads the reaction to unreacted resin in the neighborhood. Therefore, the FP is sensitive to the presence of non-reactive volumes, such as boundaries, fillers, or other additives, that retain heat from the front but produce no enthalpy in return. On the other hand, the front's high temperature could be used to initiate other processes, such as foaming, incorporating them into a simple single-step fabrication procedure. This study used silica particles of two different sizes (14 nm and 200-300 nm) in an epoxy-based FP foam as a representative filler to probe the constraints imposed by non-reactive additives. The presence of particles visibly hindered the front propagation, increased the foam density and even corrupted the frontal regime in some cases. We show that preheating or chemical composition changes are viable approaches to address the fillers' adverse effects. Furthermore, we present evidence that the reduced reaction enthalpy caused by silica nanoparticles, was balanced by the lower heat capacity of our model system. At the same time, the front hindrance was attributed to changes in reaction kinetics and the heat distribution around the front. These results set up essential narratives for the design and practical applications of frontally polymerized foams with non-reactive fillers.

마스크와 모자 개발을 위한 20∼24세 남성의 얼굴 및 머리 유형 분석

This study attempted to analyze the face and head shape of 20∼24 aged males using the 8th Size Korea Survey and classify the types to find out the characteristics of each type. Through this, it was intended to provide data to help develop fashion items that span the face and head, such as masks and hats. A total of 39 items of data were analyzed with the SPSS 26.0 program. Among the measurement items on the face and head of men in 20∼24, the items with the largest standard deviation were Head Circumference, Bitragion Coronal Arc, Sagittal Arc of Head, Bitragion Cellion Arc, Bitragion Chin Arc, Menton to Occiput Length, etc. There are many items related to the vertical length of the face and head, indicating that men in 20∼24 have a large individual difference in the vertical length of the face and head. The face and head parts of 20∼24 aged males were classified into six categories: face and head vertical, face front width, face, and head thickness, eye spacing, under-eye vertical, and face protrusion. There were four types: short lower face & short face type, long lower face-flat face and thick head type, long-big face and flat head type, and wide-protruding face and thick head type. When developing a mask pattern, the mask

Interventional cardiology and X-ray exposure of the head: overview of clinical evidence and practical implications.

Interventional cardiologists are significantly exposed to X- rays and no dose of radiation may be considered well tolerated or harmless. Leaded aprons protect the trunk and the thyroid gland, leaded glasses protect the eyes. The operator's legs, arms, neck and head are, instead, not fully protected. In fact, the operator's brain remains the closest part to the primary X-ray beam and scatter in most interventional procedures and specifically the physician's front head is the most exposed region during device implantation performed at the patient's side. After the initial description of cases of brain and neck tumours, additional reports on head and neck malignancies have been published. Although a direct link between operator radiation exposure and brain cancer has not been established, these reports have heightened awareness of a potential association. The use of lead-based cranial dedicated shields may help reduce operator exposure but upward scattered radiation, weight and poor tolerability have raised concerns and hindered widespread acceptance. The purpose of this review is to describe current knowledge on occupational X-ray exposure of interventional cardiologists, with a special focus on the potential risks for the head and neck and efficacy of available protection devices.

Effects of Methods, Genders, and Interaction to Human Body Temperature Measurement Results Using Tailor-Made Infrared Thermometer and Application Program

The 16-temperature measurement site method is holistic but inefficient. This study compared 8 to 16 temperature measurement site methods on seven married couples. The data gathering was obtained using our infrared thermometer, while the data processing was carried out utilizing Two Way ANOVA with Repetition inserted in our developed application program. Unlike the thermometer in general, our thermometer can equally measure the ear canal and forehead temperature equally. Our made application software was used and validated. The result shows no significant difference between 16 and 8 temperature measurement site methods (F method 0.05 < 4.26). There was no significant difference between male and female temperatures (F gender 1.46 < 4.26), and there was no significant interaction between the method and gender (F interaction 1.51 < 4.26). Male and female temperatures, in general, were almost similar, around 0.57 %, but there was a tendency that they were different in detail. The front head (face), lower part arm, hand, thigh, calf, and feet temperatures for men were slightly higher than for women, while the trunk, upper part arm, and back neck temperatures were slightly higher than men's. Based on these findings, eight temperature measurement site methods can replace the 16-temperature measurement site method. A further study should be carried out to obtain the simplest temperature measurement site but with a significant level of accuracy as the 16-temperature measurement site method. Detail differences between male and female temperatures should also be further investigated.

Prediction of the live weight at breeding age from morphological measurements taken at weaning in indigenous Honamli kids using data mining algorithms

The purpose of this study was to predict live weight at breeding age (LW) based on weaning morphological traits, which birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), withers height (WH), back height (BH), rump height (RH), chest depth (CD), body length (BL), tail length (TL), chest girth (CG), leg girth (LG), front shark circumference (FSC), head length (HL), head width (HW), nose length (NL), ear length (EL), and ear width (EW). For this purpose, measurements were taken from 84 Honamli kids born in 2018. The study also included sex, birth type (BT), and ear type as the nominal predictors. For this purpose, two MARS (Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines), which are interaction (MARS2) and non-interaction (MARS1), and based-tree algorithms, such as CART (Classification and Regression Tree), CHAID (Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector), and Exhaustive CHAID, were used by cross-validation 5 and compared with each other considering the predictive performance by taking into account nine predictive performances criteria. LW has a significantly positive and high linear relationship with WH (0.770), BH (0.770), RH (0.750), BL (0.750), and CG (0.770), respectively (p < 0.01). According to these criteria, second-order interaction MARS2 model had the best performance among all data mining algorithms. Also, the CHAID algorithm was the best predictor of LW among regression tree-based algorithms. The CHAID algorithm predicted that the Honamli goat with 14.426 < WW < 15.575kg and HW > 16.464cm had the heaviest LW at 56.268kg. The MARS2 model showed that the heaviest LW could be produced by WW > 16.10kg, HW > 17cm, Sex-Male × BL > 60cm, WW × BL < 50cm, BT-twin × WW < 15.60kg, BL > 50cm × CG > 62.4cm and male goats. Also, CHAID and MARS2 algorithms explain 92.00% and 94.50% of the variation in LW, respectively. According to the results, it can be concluded that the CHAID and MARS algorithms used in the prediction of LW at breeding age could give an idea to reveal the breed standards examined for breeding purposes. While determining that there are important statistical methods in defining body characteristics at weaning in a complex way, the body characteristics determined by these models can be used as indirect selection criteria.

Determination of the morphometric characteristics of donkey (Equus asinus)populations reared in Turkey

This research aims to determine the morphometric characteristics of the donkey (Equus asinus) populations reared in Turkey. For this purpose, live weights and body measurements were collected from 500 donkeys. The donkeys were grouped according to the factors of color, age, sex, and province and the live weights (LW) (kg), withers heights (WH), rump heights (RH), body lengths (BL), chest circumferences (CC), chest depths (CD), front shank circumferences (FSC), head lengths (HL) and ear lengths (EL) (cm) of the donkeys were measured. In the study, the males were found to have higher values of live weight, withers height, rump height, and chest depth than the females (p < 0.05). Significant differences in the live weights of the donkeys were seen by province, age, color, and sex (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Significant differences were found among the age groups as well (p < 0.01). Accordingly, the least squares means of the animals aged 1-3 years, 4-5 years, 6-8 years, and 9 years and over for live weight were measured as 112.10 ± 3.11 kg, 141.54 ± 2.76 kg, 153.98 ± 2.42 kg, and 152.95 ± 2.34 kg, respectively. The least squares mean of live weights were also determined as significant between the female and male animals (138.08 ± 1.96 kg) and (142.21 ± 2.25 kg), respectively (p < 0.05). The highest correlation coefficient was calculated between live weight and body length among the donkeys (r = 0.83). Furthermore, the classical method (CM) and the fixed object photo (FOP) method were compared for photographed animals in the study. No difference in WH, RH, CD or HL was seen between the two methods (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the morphometric characteristics of the donkeys were determined and it was shown that the populations were not distinguished clearly from each other and that this was fundamentally due to the transitions among the donkey populations for long years.

Assessing the performance of open-source, semi-automated pattern recognition software for harbour seal (P. v. vitulina) photo ID

Photographic identification (photo ID) is a well-established, non-invasive, and relatively cost-effective technique to collect longitudinal data from species that can be individually recognised based on natural markings. This method has been improved by computer-assisted pattern recognition software which speed up the processing of large numbers of images. Freely available algorithms exist for a wide range of species, but the choice of software can have significant effects on the accuracy of individual capture histories and derived demographic parameter estimates. We tested the performance of three open source, semi-automated pattern recognition software algorithms for harbour seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina) photo ID: ExtractCompare, I3S Pattern and Wild-ID. Performance was measured as the ability of the software to successfully score matching images higher than non-matching images using the cumulative density function (CDF). The CDF for the top ranked potential match was highest for Wild-ID (CDF1 = 0.34–0.58), followed by ExtractCompare (CDF1 = 0.24–0.36) and I3S pattern (CDF1 = 0.02–0.3). This trend emerged regardless of how many potential matches were inspected. The highest performing aspects in ExtractCompare were left heads, whereas in I3S Pattern and Wild-ID these were front heads. Within each aspect, images collected using a camera and lens performed higher than images taken by a camera and scope. Data processing within ExtractCompare took > 4 × longer than Wild-ID, and > 3 × longer than I3S Pattern. We found that overall, Wild-ID outperformed both ExtractCompare and I3S Pattern under tested scenarios, and we therefore recommend its assistance in harbour seal photo ID.

A wideband tonpilz transducer with a transverse through-hole in the radiating head.

We propose a rectangular transverse through-hole wideband tonpilz transducer using multimode coupling. To excite a vibration mode that can be coupled with the longitudinal vibration for broadening the frequency band, a rectangular through-hole is opened at a certain distance from the front head of the conventional longitudinal vibration tonpilz transducer. To achieve the best bandwidth, the finite element method was used to optimize the length and width of the through-hole and the distance between the front end of the hole and the end surface of the front head. In addition, to obtain the best hole position and size, a prototype tonpilz transducer was developed. The test results show that the transducer has three main operating modes within 12-32.5 kHz, and the latter two modes contribute to the widening of operating bandwidth. A longitudinal vibration tonpilz transducer of the same size with no hole has a 3 dB bandwidth of only 3 kHz, whereas the holed transducer has a bandwidth of 10.5 kHz. Effectively expanding the working bandwidth shows that the theoretical calculations and experimental results are in good agreement.

Langevin transducer with a stepped polymer horn

Here, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with high Young’s modulus and low loss was used as the front head material of a Langevin transducer for high-frequency vibration of mechanical antennas. In this study, transducer 1# with the front head and rear end made of PPS and steel, respectively, and transducer 2# with both the front head and rear end made of PPS, are designed and fabricated. Tests demonstrate that when the transducer’s size is fixed and the front head is made of PPS, a greater vibration amplitude of the front head surface and the amplitude-to-voltage ratio can be obtained when the rear end is made of steel. The highest temperature of the two transducers is located at the highest strain area, consistent with the theoretical calculation. Besides, the PPS-based transducer’s bandwidth is relatively large, conducive to the transmission of more signals.

An intravascular helical magnetic millirobot with a gripper mechanism performing object delivery and collecting motions actuated by precession rotating magnetic fields

This research proposes a novel intravascular helical magnetic millirobot (IHMM) that can conduct various functional motions such as helical navigating, unclogging, object delivery, and object collecting motions, simply actuated by a precession rotating magnetic field (PRMF). The proposed IHMM is composed of a helical body with a tapered drilling tip attached to the front head. Since it is composed of two identical halves of a cone hinged to two separate pin joints, the drilling tip can also act as a magnetically actuated gripper to deliver objects to a target area or collect debris after unclogging motions. This research established a simplified equation to maneuver the IHMM’s different mechanical motions in a straightforward manner. Then, it conducted various experiments demonstrating various functional motions of the IHMM to show the validity of the proposed mechanism.

Efficiency of the RADPAD Surgical Cap in Reducing Brain Exposure During Pacemaker and Defibrillator Implantation

This study sought to investigate the RADPAD No Brainer (Worldwide Innovation and Technologies, Overland Park, Kansas) efficiency in reducing brain exposure to scattered radiation. Cranial radioprotective caps such as the RADPAD No Brainer are being marketed as devices that significantly reduce operator's brain exposure to scattered radiation. However, the efficiency of the RADPAD No Brainer in reducing brain exposure in clinical practice remains unknown to date. Five electrophysiologists performing device implantations over a 2-month period wore the RADPAD cap with 2 strips of 11 thermoluminescent dosimeter pellets covering the front head above and under the shielded cap. Phantom measurements and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to further investigate brain dose distribution. Our study showed that the right half of the operators' front head was the most exposed region during left subpectoral device implantation; the RADPAD cap attenuated the skin front-head exposure but provided no protection to the brain. The exposure of the anterior part of the brain was decreased by a factor of 4.5 compared with the front-head skin value thanks to the skull. The RADPAD cap worn as a protruding horizontal plane, however, reduced brain exposure by a factor of 1.7 (interquartile range: 1.3 to 1.9). During device implantation, the RADPAD No Brainer decreased the skin front head exposure but had no impact on brain dose distribution. The RADPAD No Brainer worn as a horizontal plane worn around the neck reduces brain exposure and confirms that the exposure comes from upward scattered radiation.

Investigating the effects of clay/sand content on depositional mechanisms of submarine debris flows through physical and numerical modeling

In this study, we carried out a series of physical experiments using a submersed flume model to investigate how sand/clay content influences the depositional mechanism of submarine debris flows. A three-dimensional biphasic numerical model, with a Herschel-Bulkley rheology, was used to back-analyze the physical experiments. The calibrated numerical model was then used in a back-calculation to investigate the effects of viscosity on the deposition process. The results show that as submarine debris flows mix with water during the deposition process, shear stress at the slurry-water interface generates a vortex that leads to a swirl-wedge front head. High-viscosity slurry flows with a swirl-wedge front head travel at a higher aspect ratio and with a greater radius of rotation. Hydroplaning was observed when the front head was lifted by water during flow. The lifting height increased with flow depth fluctuation. Higher viscosity slurry was found to lift more rapidly due to its larger vortex and the decrease in density at the front head over time, both of which promote fluctuation. Although a high-density slurry has a greater lifting height, the ratio of lifting height to front head height is lower, indicating a smaller lifting force influence. Lower density flows have higher kinetic energy as the transfer of potential energy into kinetic energy is more efficient. Kinetic energy dissipation comprises three stages: (1) gravity-dominated coherent flow and hydroplaning lead to a rapid increase in kinetic energy; (2) sharp reduction in kinetic energy as slurry mixes with water, coherence and hydroplaning are reduced, and the influence of the shear stress increases; (3) slurry mixed very well with water, turbidity current dominates the kinetic energy dissipation. High-density slurry dissipates quicker in the last two stages. In stage 3, which dominates the temporal evolution of the debris flow, the Froude number is lower than 1, the flow thins and elongates, and the deposition process of submarine debris flows is dominated by gravity, and the difference of morphology of the different cases become clear.