Periphery Of City Research Articles

Living in the frame of structural violence: Institutional regulations and daily life in Lleida, Spain

This article investigates how structural violence is reflected in the daily life of the peripheries of a medium-sized city in the interior of Spain. For this, three categories of analysis are used: inquisitive violence, coercive violence and horizontal violence. Forms of resistance are also highlighted. This makes it possible to trace the various ways that state institutions act and behave to exercise power over people. These actions have direct consequences for ‘vulnerable’ population, inducing feelings of humiliation, personal and group suffering, the perpetuation of social inequality, the lack of democratic freedoms, and the creation of violent or exploitative practises. Likewise, this path allows us to see how neoliberal logics are applied, their consequences and, most importantly, how they generate new normalities and livelihoods that serve as discursive support for new applications of antisocial policies.

Development of spatial-recreational frame in dense residential areas of megapolis

The study analyzes aspects of the impact of high-density development on the periphery of the largest cities. The relevance of the study is dictated by the current situation of large-scale housing construction on the border of St. Petersburg and adjacent districts, which create preconditions for a further reduction in the area of ​​forest areas and an increase in the recreational load on the preserved natural objects. The aim of the study is to develop scientifically grounded recommendations for the functional planning development of the buffer zone between the built-up, subject to development and natural territory in the suburban areas of St. Petersburg in order to preserve the ecological balance of the territory.

Legal Framework to Control at Disposal Point Source Urban and Industrial Effluents of Hyderabad City into Pinyari (Old Phulleli) Canal off-taking from Kotri Barrage, Sindh

Pinyari (old Phulleli) canal off-takes from left bank of Kotri barrage is last Hydraulic structure on Indus river. This canal is passing from periphery of Hyderabad city and its design discharge is 13,636 cusecs which supplies fresh water not only for agricultural, industrial purpose and drinking purpose for the several towns and villages because groundwater in its command area is highly saline and not drinkable. The cottage factories and Hyderabad industrial area are located on nearby banks of canal. Hence, effluents from city and industrial SITE area are directly disposed off into the canal. The disposal of untreated wastewater created health and environmental safety problem. This paper presents that the analyzed results of water quality parameter ie pH, TDS, EC, Na, hardness, K, Mg, Mn, DO and BOD of collacted samples exhibit TDS 6%, K 20%, DO 67% and BOD 54%, respectively exceeded permissible limit. While pH, Na, hardness and Mn found within prescribed limits. Total coliform /E.coli (MPN/100ml) were found positive. Furthermore, the result of Water Quality Index (WQI) model reveals that water quality of canal of collected samples varies from excellent to very poor that reveals canal water is unsuitable for drinking purpose and aquatic life and also causes various waterborne diseases. Therefore, the local people are facing serious health problem by consuming water canal. With an attempt to ensure enforcement of environmental water laws in Sindh province of Pakistan for preventing degrading clean water. These environmental water laws have already been framed, but due to lake of enforcement, water pollution problems are increasing day by day. The enforcement of environmental water laws are very essential to control water pollution for safety of human health, and ecology in Sindh, Pakistan.

Measuring spatial accessibility to urban services for older adults: an application to healthcare facilities in Milan

This study proposes a Geographic Information Systems-based methodology to measure accessibility to urban services from the elderly perspective to support urban planning processes. Specifically, it seeks to understand and clarify how the urban environment can influence the quality of life for older adults, mostly through pedestrian and public transport networks, locations of essential urban services, and the organisation of their resources. In light of a significant demographic change, policymakers will have to promote age-friendly urban planning approaches to guarantee equal access to services and activities. We propose a methodology to measure accessibility to healthcare provision services that considers land-use and mobility features and older adults' behavioural traits. The method belongs to the family of 2SFCA—2 steps floating catchment area—which evaluate accessibility as the combination of both supply and demand of urban services. Therefore, we have introduced innovative elements to shape actual mobility opportunities for the elderly and their travel choices. The methodology was applied to Milan's city to measure accessibility to the Health Protection Agency (ATS) services, which is responsible for healthcare assistance to the elderly dwelling in the city. The outputs show that a significant share of older people (almost 40%) suffer from poor accessibility to primary health services and that they mostly live in the city periphery. Moreover, the application to a case study has shown that the methodology could identify the critical aspects needed to aid urban planning to achieve a high quality of life for elderly people.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Impact of Landscape Changes on Vegetation and Land Surface Temperature over Tamil Nadu

Land-use changes adversely may impact ecological entities and humans by affecting the water cycle, environmental changes, and energy balance at global and regional scales. Like many megaregions in fast emerging countries, Tamil Nadu, one of the largest states and most urbanized (49%) and industrial hubs in India, has experienced extensive landuse and landcover change (LULC). However, the extent and level of landscape changes associated with vegetation health, surface permeability, and Land Surface Temperature (LST) has not yet been quantified. In this study, we employed Random Forest (RF) classification on Landsat imageries from 2000 and 2020. We also computed vegetation health, soil moisture, and LST metrics for two decades from Landsat imageries to delineate the impact of landscape changes in Tamil Nadu using Google Earth Engine (GEE). The level of vegetation health and drought for 2020 was more accurately assessed by combining the Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). A Soil moisture index was subsequently used to identify surface permeability. A 75% expansion in urban areas of Tamil Nadu was detected mainly towards the suburban periphery of major cities between 2000 and 2020. We observed an overall increase in the coverage of urban areas (built-up), while a decrease for vegetated (cropland and forest) areas was observed in Tamil Nadu between 2000 and 2020. The Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) values showed an extensive decline in surface permeability and the LST values showed an overall increase (from a maximum of 41 °C to 43 °C) of surface temperature in Tamil Nadu’s major cities with the highest upsurge for urban built-up areas between 2000 and 2020. Major cities built-up and non-vegetation areas in Tamil Nadu were depicted as potential drought hotspots. Our results deliver significant metrics for surface permeability, vegetation condition, surface temperature, and drought monitoring and urges the regional planning authorities to address the current status and social-ecological impact of landscape changes and to preserve ecosystem services.

Peripheralization, Ejidos and Agricultural Livelihoods in Intermediate Mexican Cities: The Importance of Collective Agency to Reduce Vulnerabilities

This paper focuses on the interactions between peripheralization, vulnerabilities of agricultural livelihoods, and local collective agency in the creation of new capabilities in intermediate cities. It discusses the theoretical implications of a study conducted in the municipality of Tarímbaro, part of the intermediate city of Morelia, Mexico; it expands on results already published in preliminary form. The unit of analysis was the ejido, since this type of social land tenure, granted to landless peasants in 1917 after the Mexican Revolution, is one of the most important forms of social organization in rural Mexico. About one-half of the Mexican territory comprises >30,000 community-based land tenures (mainly ejidos), and a high proportion of the land now occupied by urban centers was ejido land. This paper uses the example of 15 ejidos, notably affected by the expansion of Morelia city, to illustrate how local (rural) organizations can foster collective agency to reduce differential vulnerabilities in peri-urban agricultural livelihoods in intermediate cities. In 2015, a semi-structured interview was undertaken with the president of each ejido, followed by a survey of 61 individuals from 11 of the 15 ejidos. The peripheralization of Morelia has produced inequalities in the adjacent municipality of Tarímbaro. Differential vulnerabilities in peri-urban agricultural livelihoods were found in the participant ejidos. Not all the ejidos have been successful in addressing vulnerabilities associated with urbanization of agricultural land, but those who have achieved some success have certain characteristics that reinforce common values and motivations to establish common goals to sustain local livelihoods. This paper highlights the importance of functional (rural) organizations in regulating access to, and distribution of, resources in the peripheries of intermediate cities.

Hobby and part‐time farmers in a multifunctional landscape: Environmentalism, lifestyles, and amenity

AbstractHobby and part‐time farming have become important elements of agricultural development in peri‐urban areas of developed countries. Although there has been renewed interest recently in examining the characteristics of this farming, studies have rarely attempted to consider its role in transitional multifunctional landscapes. This article reports on research in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, using surveys and semi‐structured interviews to examine contributions of hobby and part‐time farmers to an evolving multifunctionality. Hobby farmers are often recent, well‐educated migrants transferring capital from urban areas to the peri‐urban fringe. They engage in various on‐farm and off‐farm activities, with an emphasis on pro‐environmental actions and/or keeping horses. In contrast, part‐time farmers commonly have a farming background and are often transitioning out of farming while retaining farm‐based enterprises representing up to half their household income. While hobby farmers are seeking amenity value from the fringe, part‐time farmers are a more integral component of the conventional rural economy. A re‐evaluation of the importance of the growing numbers of hobby and part‐time farmers is vital as urbanisation pressures increase in peri‐urban fringes of major Australian cities. These farmers represent an important bulwark against urban sprawl, helping to retain agricultural and environmental land uses on the fringe.

Microscopic Simulation-Based Model analysis at Jaipur

Abstract: Socio-Economic development of a country includes sustainable transportation system. As simulation is safer, less expensive and faster than field implementation and testing, Microscopic simulation models have been widely used in transportation operations and management analysis. The accuracy and reliability decide the usefulness of these models in making design and traffic control. Nowin India, VISSIM which is microscopic traffic simulation software is used. However, modifications to the default behavioral parameters are essential to effectively simulate Indian heterogeneous traffic conditions. In this study, the queue length and travel time of link connected to Narayan Singh Circle and Trimurti Circle intersection is analyzed before and after transfer the bus stop at Narayan Singh Circle to the periphery of city. For this, intersections are designed in VISSIM software and traffic flow performance is validated via VISSIM. Then average vehicular delay under different traffic volumes was analyzed. The results are finally compared before and after transfer the bus stop at Narayan Singh Circle to the peripheryof city. Keywords: Non-destructive Testing, Concrete, Structural Health Monitoring, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity,Rebound Hammer.

Chagas Disease Expands Its Epidemiological Frontiers From Rural to Urban Areas

The infection with the hemoflagellate parasiteTrypanosoma cruzioriginates from America where the wildlife cycle remains to alternate between mammals and hematophagous triatomines. Transmission through contamination of the bite site by vector feces containing highly infectious forms of parasite or direct ingestion ofT. cruzi-infected triatomines appear to be the dominant transmission mechanisms. Man joins the transmission when he enters this wild environment or takes the leaves of palms carrying vectors to build houses. Rural Chagas disease develops associated with populations of low economic resources, with infection and reinfection of vector bites since childhood, and the consequent evolution toward chronic cases in adults, when there is little therapeutic benefit to infected people. The progressive migration of people from rural to urban areas and the adaptation of vectors to the peripheries of cities due to displacement caused by deforestation or urbanization that has favored the presence of enzootic cycles withPanstrongylus geniculatusas the most widely distributed species and mammals (synanthropic and domestic) allow vector transmission by ingestion of food contaminated with excrements containing infectious trypomastigotes as the dominant transmission mechanism in the urban environment. Human-to-human transmissions through vertical mother–child infection, transfusions, organ transplants, and the possibility of sexual transmission, transform the epidemiology and the clinical evolution of Chagas disease in the urban environment. Vectors of American trypanosomiasis are no longer restricted to the endemic area, but its presence has been demonstrated in nonendemic areas of the United States, Asia, and other latitudes. The worldwide plague of bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) threatens the possibility of expansion of transmission since they are vectors susceptible to infection, transmission to mammals, trans-stadial penetration, and not being affected byT. cruziinfection at least experimentally. These factors, added to the presence of an unknown number of migrating Latin American asymptomatic carriers together with the presence of triatomines in other continents, have initiated the globalization of a pathology originating in the American continent. Only with an integrative approach, based on new and better tolerated and efficient drugs, vaccines and residual action insecticides, all of them included in an epidemiological surveillance program.

Take-Aways aus der Planungsgeschichte: Infrastrukturplanung und Siedlungsbau

What is noticeable about contemporary housing developments in Germany, whether they occur on city fringes or inner-city brownfields (for example, harbour or station areas)? It is not only the return of large-scale housing, but also the leitmotiv that shapes new towns and urban districts. Holistic approaches and integrated planning are experiencing a renaissance. In order to illustrate whether and how past epochs are linked to today’s leitmotivs, a review has been undertaken into how social infrastructure, in particular, has been planned in recent decades. The aim is not to compare the urban design of housing from the Late Modern period with today, but to focus on non-housing in housing developments. What role does/did infrastructural planning play? How is/was infrastructural planning woven into integrated approaches and urban design leitmotivs? How are/were planners striving for urbanity in the new housing developments? Back then and today, these new housing areas are/were not meant to be “dormitory towns”, but urbanised districts of a lively city. Do planners actively learn from the past, not only from Late Modern housing but also from the Careful Urban Renewal of the past three decades, as many large-scale settlements were and are the backdrop to renewal? This article aims to connect evidence about the past with current planning approaches. It links recent infrastructural demands (for example, regarding education and mobility) with past and present planning approaches and discusses the impact of societal reorientation towards a common good for the urban leitmotivs of today’s large-scale housing developments. English title: Takeaways from planning history: Infrastructure planning and housing development construction

Rearing livestock on the edge of secondary cities: examining small ruminant production on the fringes of Wa, Ghana

Rapid urbanization exerts pressure on urban fringe resources in most cities in the global south. The resultant effect of this pressure is the rapid conversion of natural reserves and farmlands into residential and non-residential developments that affects crucial rural livelihoods including the production of small ruminants. However, scientific studies on the production of small ruminants on the fringes of cities in Ghana are limited. This study draws evidence from seven communities in Wa, Ghana to examine how urban fringe development influences the production of small ruminants, the challenges the farmers encounter, and the coping strategies adopted. The study adopted a mixed-methods research design involving 329 respondents to compare small ruminant production in 2009 and 2019. Data were also elicited from community and institutional level participants. A questionnaire-based survey, in-depth interviews, focused group discussions and observation were used to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. The findings revealed that the effects of weedicide use, frequent theft and vehicular downing adversely affected production resulting in a decrease in the number of small ruminants over the study period. Those who adopted the semi-intensive system of rearing were confronted with feeding, housing and security challenges. The study concludes that urban fringe development is detrimental to the production of small ruminants. To sustain production, it is recommended that the city's Livestock Division of the Department of Agriculture support local farmers in constructing low-cost housing using local materials such as thatch, mud bricks and cow-dung and the preparation of low-cost feed using crop residues.

Evaluating the corresponding relationship between the characteristics of resource utilization and the level of urbanization: a case study in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, China.

The Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle is an important center for promoting economic growth in the western region. Clarifying the driving force and restrictive factors of the urbanization development in Chengdu-Chongqing area is conducive to the further development of the region. Firstly, this study uses geospatial information to describe the resource consumption characteristics of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle. Then, Moran index has been used to test the spatial agglomeration relationship. Finally, the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle is classified according to the characteristics of natural resource utilization and spatial relations. The results show that (1) the relationship between the comprehensive utilization of natural resources and urbanization in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle is high in the east and low in the west, and the two places jointly drive the development of the north and the south. (2) From 2015 to 2020, the comprehensive utilization capacity of natural resources in the core area on the west side decrease, and the core area on the east side increase. Urbanization in the north and south is slow, and the direct utilization capacity of natural resources needs to be improved. (3) The city with the best coordination relationship between comprehensive utilization of natural resources and urbanization is on the periphery of the core cities of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, and the protection and management measures of the core cities for natural resources do not match their urbanization level.

Giardia lamblia infection risk modeling in Mexico city's flood water

Abstract Urban floods can be contaminated with fecal material and pathogens. Evidence on infection risks associated with exposure to waterborne pathogens in urban floods is lacking. We address this gap by assessing the risk of infection from exposure to Giardia lamblia in urban flood water samples in Mexico City using a QMRA. Historical flood data was used to build severity indices and to test for correlations with risk of infection estimates. Results indicate similar maximal pathogen densities in urban flood water samples to those from wastewater treatment plants. Significant positive correlations between risk of G. lamblia infection and severity indices suggest that floods could act as an important source of pathogen transmission in Mexico City. Risk of infection to G. lamblia is greater in the city's periphery, which is characterized by high marginalization levels. We argue that these risks should be managed by engaging citizens and water and health authorities in decision making.

Events as a means to foster knowledge-driven urban development: Experience from the new district development in Nanjing

Events can bring important impetus to urban development. In addition to hardware investments, such as infrastructure, events also have important potential in the development of knowledge cities. Nanjing is a typical city where China's knowledge industry is rapidly growing. Since the end of the last century, Nanjing has been promoting new district development on the city's periphery and has hosted a series of events, including the 10th National Games in 2005 and the 2nd Youth Olympic Games in 2014. In this process, the city government also hopes to explore the potential of the knowledge economy and is committed to providing a new direction for urban development.This work reviews the history of Nanjing's knowledge city development from two different dimensions (land development and knowledge development) and summarises the related achievements and lessons in different periods. The authors aim to identify the diverse effects of events in urban social and economic development based on the analysis of the differences in governance structure between land development and knowledge development. This work contributes to the literature on events and provides insights into the potential uses of events as a mechanism for knowledge-driven urban development.

Spatiotemporal evolution scenarios and the coupling analysis of ecosystem health with land use change in Southwest China

Ecosystem degradation caused by Land use/cover change (LUCC) in the process of rapid urbanization has attracted extensive attentions. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of future ecosystem health (EH) and its coupling relationship with land use has not been well analyzed. In this study, based on future land use scenarios, we used the vigor-organization-resilience-services assessment framework to measure the ecosystem health level in Southwest China and analyzed its spatial-temporal characteristics under the four scenarios in 2010, 2050 and 2100. The results showed that areas with high health level (i.e., well and relatively well) accounted for the largest proportion across all the scenarios, indicating the ecosystem in Southwest China was in a good state. However, higher population and higher urban expansion scenarios will lead to a significant decline in EH in most counties, especially in rapidly urbanization areas. The ecological sensitivity method was applied to explore the response of ecosystem health to change in land use intensity. The results found that about 80% counties were at moderate sensitivity level under the four scenarios, as only counties with high ecological sensitivity were concentrated in western Sichuan, southwest Yunnan and the periphery of large cities. The coupling coordination analysis between ecosystem health and land use intensity was employed to discern the counties with low-level coordination in EH and land use management. Results showed that the degree of coordination in western Sichuan was low and its change remained stable across all the scenarios, while the coordination degree was high and its change relatively intense in Sichuan basin and western Guizhou from 2010 to 2100. This study can provide effective guidance for ecosystem management and the formulation and implementation of land use policies.

Influence of land cover features on avian community and potential conservation priority areas for biodiversity at a Ramsar site in India

BackgroundWetlands provide diverse ecological services to sustain rich biodiversity, but they are recklessly exploited around the globe. East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW; Ramsar site No. 1208, ~ 125 km2) was once very rich in faunal diversity that declined over the years due to various anthropogenic pressures. In such scenarios, effective management plans need to contemplate local and landscape level initiatives and prioritize areas for conservation. Studying the foraging guild structure and spatial patterns of relationship between bird and its environment provides important insight of ecological processes of avifauna. Thus, we carried out extensive surveys in 142 point count stations to explore the diversity and foraging guild structure of birds in EKW. We addressed two important questions that how bird diversity varied from the outer periphery of the city towards the wetlands and how bird diversity is influenced by land cover features at local and landscape level in wetland complex. The goal of this study was to prepare a spatial map of avian diversity and to find the conservation priority areas for birds in this internationally recognized wetland complex.ResultsWe recorded 94 species of birds and the Shannon diversity index values ranged between 1.249 and 3.189. We found that the avian diversity increased with increasing distance from city periphery. Omnivores and insectivores were the dominant foraging guilds, followed by carnivores, granivores, frugivores and piscivores. Generalized Linear Models revealed that bird communities were positively influenced by areas of wetlands, dikes and banks, agricultural field and emergent vegetation, and negatively influenced by built-up area. In the projected spatial map of species diversity, 74.15 km2 area has high diversity. Finally, we identified 12.82 km2 of top 10% conservation priority areas.ConclusionsLow bird diversity near city periphery is related to habitat degradation due to anthropogenic pressure. Dominance of omnivores and insectivores indicates a possible impact of urbanization in EKW. We suggest that a mix of agricultural field, wetland areas and emergent vegetation helps to sustain a greater avian community. Besides, protection of conservation priority areas, restoration of the degraded habitats and reduction of threats (particularly in the north-eastern parts of EKW near the city periphery) will ensure the conservation of avifauna, and also the overall biodiversity of EKW.

Characterising Land Cover Change in Brunei Darussalam’s Capital District

In fast-developing regions like Southeast Asia monitoring urban areas presents a challenge given the lack of publicly available data. This is an issue that precludes the nuances of a city’s growth and undermines the way land use is considered with respect to planning. The issue of data availability is very much present in the small nation of Brunei. Little is still known about the spatiotemporal evolution of its urban realm in particular, with regard to its national development planning. The country presents an interesting case-study given the pursuit of two highly opposing master-plans within the last 40 years. Its first master plan advocated polycentric growth away from the capital city, Bandar Seri Begawan. Its latest plan, however, currently promotes compact growth within a predefined urban footprint as a development control mechanism. This paper looks at remotely-sensed satellite data to examine the way in which the two implemented master-plan strategies have translated into actual land-use thus far. It employs a supervised classification procedure and characterises urban land into three typologies: urban infill, edge growth, and leapfrog growth. The paper’s findings suggest that residential developments play a stronger role in driving urban growth in Brunei. This is particularly true for public housing, which has typically persisted in isolated pockets of low density at the city fringe. This study has produced a novel dataset of urban land use and land cover in Brunei; and, its quantification may prove useful in understanding the impacts of master planning and the formulation of development policies both within Brunei, and the wider Southeast Asian region.

New cities in China: Tracking urban projects in the city fringe

AbstractIn recent decades, hundreds of new cities have been built in China with a notable acceleration of this trend in the 2000s. Yet despite their numbers and variety, China’s new cities remain marginal to a wave of popular and scholarly attention directed at new towns and new cities globally. This article brings China’s new cities into these conversations through review of extant literature on the topic. Research on China’s new cities has focused on their functions as sites of accumulation, economic restructuring, globalization, territorialization, and innovation. In this article, we introduce these themes in the literature and show areas that remain ripe for future study.

Unmapping green space

In this article, we study the ongoing redevelopment of post-war, modernist residential area Rosengård, located in Sweden’s third biggest city Malmö. We show how a planning and design strategy for this area has come to focus on a ‘compact city’ typology in line with Malmö’s strategy for creating a ‘near, dense, green and mixed city’. Such compact city typology emphasizes high density, urbanity, proximity and mixed-use as key values for renewal, but also threatens the green spaces in areas designated for densification. This article illustrates how renewal plans for modernist residential areas with generous green space provision also ensure dispossession of residents’ rights to green space. Our analysis highlights how this planned dispossession is preceded by a discursive dispossession carried out by the way urban planning represents these spaces. The Rosengård case illustrates how a compact city vision imposed on marginalized modernist areas co-emerges with new forms of expert knowledge which both ‘unmaps’ existing green spaces and defines them as problematic and requiring interventions. The article highlights the important, but not yet sufficiently explored, dispossession of the right to public green space in racialized poor peripheries of Northern cities already facing intense displacement pressure. We argue that this type of renewal of modernist areas not only tends to neglect mapping important public spaces and uses of space, but actively produces blind spots by deploying a compact city planning epistemology which necessarily undermines rights to green space in the city and should put into question the compact city as the default sustainability fix.

How Urban Fringe Expansion Affects Green Habitat Diversity? Analysis from Urban and Local Scale in Hilly City.

Hilly cities in China have gone through an extensive expansion, and urban fringe morphology has experienced a massive change. As a result, green habitats have been occupied or disturbed, and such landscape changes can impact biodiversity. Understanding how urbanization impacts green habitats is essential for urban sustainable development. However, such understanding is lacking for hilly city. This study has two objectives: (1) to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of green habitats in hilly city fringe during 2000-2020; (2) to identify the differentiated impacts of different hilly city expansion shapes on green habitat. By using landscape indexes to characterize green habitat patterns, the green habitats impact analysis was processed in two scales, at urban scale and local scale. Information Entropy Model and Classification and Green Habitat Quality Evaluation were used to reveal the relationships of urban expansion shapes and green habitat quality in mountainous city. The results showed that, at urban scale, (1) the more complex the city fringe morphology is, the more negative impacts there are on green habitats, (2) and when Guiyang urban fringe green space declined, the green habitats type pattern was refactored. At the local scale, we classified urban fringe expansion into four shape styles; we then discussed the changes of green habitats from the perspective of shape style and stage of urbanization. The results showed that, (1) dispersed type and strip type of urban fringe expansion led to the largest green habitat lost, besides, spreading type and strip type resulted in the largest loss of green habitats core areas. (2) Moreover, at a different stage of urban fringe expansion, the challenge of green habitats persistence was varied, the legacy type has been eager for special species habitats. However, the new type has been facing the risks of guaranteeing habitats stock and quality.