Circle Of Friends Research Articles

World War II and the Making of a Journalist

World War II and the Making of a Journalist Owen V. Johnson (bio) and Jon Paul Dilts (bio) In early 1945, Sgt. Ralph Holsinger, in a reflective mood, wrote to the editor of the Piqua (Ohio) Daily Call to tell him what the war was like "in the rain and mud and mountains."1 We captured Naples, he wrote, and: had come to expect an advance of 25 miles every week. And then in November, in the mountains, around Venafro, something happened. Maybe the rain was heavier and the mud thicker, maybe the mountains were higher and more rugged, maybe the Germans were tougher. . . . Whatever it was, we made no more weekly moves of 25 miles. As a matter of fact, many weeks passed and we made no moves at all. We ate our Thanksgiving and Christmas and New Year's dinners in the same muddy olive grove on the side of the same hill overlooking the same valley. While we were there the rains turned to snow and the mountains became white-capped. On New Year's Day a terrific blizzard swept through the valley, blowing down all our tents and covering the mud with six inches of ice cold slush. It was a miserable day.2 [End Page 28] Ralph had started writing to his hometown editor after hearing some of his letters home were being shared and occasionally published. He had written hundreds of letters since he was drafted—letters to his parents in Ohio, to his friends from school, and, more recently, to his hometown newspaper. He wrote about the war, the tiredness, the boredom, the dead, the fighting at Salerno and Anzio. Many of those letters today can be found preserved in the archives at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, where Ralph spent his later years teaching. They tell the story of a young soldier from Ohio, a story of a life-changing adventure, a story still best told in Ralph's own words. ________ The writing of letters was at its peak during World War II.3 Advances in communication and postal delivery gave letter writing a boost at the beginning of the twentieth century. High school curricula began to include the how-tos of letter writing. The first US war that saw extensive writing of letters was World War I.4 While the use of telephones was growing, the cost of long-distance calls was prohibitive of extensive use until the 1960s or later. Troops were encouraged to write home often, a process facilitated by the use of V-Mail.5 Dozens of articles and books of World War II letters have been published, but many of them are of significant interest only to the soldier's family and a small circle of friends. Some constitute collections of letters by multiple individuals.6 Among the more interesting collections are those that have appeared under the auspices of university [End Page 29] presses, state and local historical societies, or reputable trade publishers.7 A few publications focus on the letters of well-known individuals.8 ________ Ralph was six months into his first job out of Ohio Wesleyan University when the war came. The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) Victor Company had brought him to Camden, New Jersey, to the center of American technology, and to the Nipper Building. For Ralph, the RCA job meant a future of stability and security. The Holsingers of Covington, Ohio, had survived the Depression because Ralph's father, Fred, was good with his hands and Ralph's mother, Mary Vannas Inman Holsinger, was smart and careful. Ralph was the oldest of four children, two boys and two girls. Mary brought Ralph into the world during the Great War in 1918, Evelyn came the following year, Perry arrived in 1922, and Thelma June was born in 1927. Together, they learned the values of thrift, grit, self-discipline, and positive thinking. They believed that if one worked hard, [End Page 30] stayed focused, calculated risks, and took care of friends, good things were bound to happen. And they mostly did for the Holsinger family. Ralph finished high school and went to work for his father as a carpenter's helper...

Документи архівної кримінальної справи історика В’ячеслава Заїкина як джерело до вивчення його біографії

The study is devoted to the analysis of the documents of the criminal case of historian Vyacheslav Zaikyn, which is stored in the Sectoral State Archives of the Security Service of Ukraine. The aim of the publication is the elucidation of previously unknown pages of V. Zaikyn’s biography as of a victim of the bloody «Sovietization» of Galicia, through the prism of the analysis of his environment, professional activity and the introduction of new information from the investigative case into the scientifi c circulation for a more complete construction of the life history and intellectual biography of the historian. The methodology of the research is based on the strategy of biographical studies, prosopography and comparative studies, which allow combining diff erent factual layers, in particular archival sources, to construct an intellectual biography of the historian. The scientifi c novelty of the work lies in the actualization of previously uninvolved into the scientifi c use sources and the reproduction of unknown stories from V. Zaikyn’s life on their basis, as the biography of this repressed historian-intellectual is still little clarifi ed in historiography. During the research, the scientifi c value of the documents of the criminal case was determined, the submitted information was compared with the facts given in other sources and investigation. The prospect of further research is based on the elucidation of the biographical portrait of V. Zaikyn through the prism of his epistolary and scientifi c achievements. The study of Zaikyn’s connection with the emigrant environment is also relevant for future investigations. Conclusions. The materials of the archival criminal case of V. Zaikyn have signifi cant source value for the reproduction of the biography of the scientist. Analysis of information from case documents made it possible to clarify a number of unknown facts from diff erent periods of his life, during the revolution of 1917–1921, as well as in emigration, to determine the specifi cs of accusations, to highlight important prosopographic information, to supplement the information about the circle of communication and personal contacts of the scientist. Interrogation records recorded important information about V. Zaikyn’s family and circle of friends. In addition, the case materials are important evidence of the repressive policy of the Soviet government towards the Ukrainian scientifi c intelligentsia.

Cosmetics: What Do Bruneian Female Adults Believe?

Objectives: The study aimed to measure the level of attitudes and the current practices of the female community in Brunei Darussalam regarding the usage of cosmetics. Methods: An online survey was conducted using a non-probabilistic snowball sampling approach via the social media channels WhatsApp and Instagram. The inclusion criteria were female Bruneian citizens or permanent residents, aged between 18 and 65 years old, who can understand English or Malay, and use cosmetic products at least once a day. Results: A total of 445 participants responded to the online survey. Most of the participants agreed that the use of cosmetic products improves one’s physical appearance to the public (391, 87.8%) and also improves self-confidence (405, 91.1%). There were significant differences in monthly cosmetic product expenses and participants’ attitudes about safe cosmetic use (p = 0.001). No significant changes in the individuals’ attitudes based on their age or educational level were observed. Overall, the participants had a good level of cosmetic safety practice. Almost half of the participants use social media to obtain information regarding what cosmetics to use or purchase. Conclusion: There is a medium to high level of attitude and a high level of practice regarding the safe use of cosmetics among Bruneian female adults. Social media was the main source of information for the respondents, followed by friend circle and family members.

Labour mobility across the Baltic Sea: Language brokering at a blue-collar workplace in Sweden

AbstractIn this case study we investigate the role of transnational networks and language brokering in labour migration within the European Union. By describing the working days of Estonians hired by a city maintenance company in Sweden, we demonstrate how language skills and network ties of a manager enable work migration in the local context. Most of the recruited workers belong to the manager's circle of family and friends. The manager is thus both capitalising on his social relationships and reinforcing a social support network in the receiving country for the individuals involved. The article promotes our understanding of the interface between migration, multilingualism, and language brokering in the understudied blue-collar workplaces and dissects the social and economic values of linguistic resources in work migration across the Baltic Sea. The data consist of ethnographic observations of daily work routines, video recordings of interaction, and interviews. (Labour migration, multilingualism, manual work, language broker)*

Fora Apps: Examination for the Advancement of Human Rights (Family, Friendship, School, and Work Environment)

Many people around us, both from the circle of friends, family, school, and work environment, still do not understand the meaning of human rights, and how to implement and promote human rights. To increase awareness of human rights in Indonesian people from various circles of society, an effort to promote human rights is designed. Efforts to promote human rights are a mandate that must be realized by the government as a form of their service to the community. The promotion of human rights in Indonesia can be done by utilizing technology, one of which is an application that can be freely accessed by the public. Therefore, an application was made efforts to promote human rights in Indonesia. This application aims to make people get the ease of understanding, enforce, implement, and comply with human rights in Indonesia in an effort to promote human rights. This application will help assess each individual how well they understand human rights and educate the public so that all levels of society obey the rules and dare to speak up if there are parties who violate their human rights as human beings. This application will be designed with an attractive appearance and easy to understand so that the purpose of this application can be achieved, and more and more people are aware of the importance of human rights. Keywords: FORA apps, human rights, law, sexual harassment, sexual violence, or sexual vulnerability. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/12-16-02 Publication date: August 31 st 2022

To Assess the Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices of Barbers Regarding HIV and HCV Transmission in the Peshawar Region

Introduction/Objective: The primary goal of this study was to assess barbers' knowledge and practices regarding the spread of HIV and HCV infections. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey about the knowledge, attitude, and practices of barbers regarding HIV and HCV was conducted in different union councils of Peshawar by selecting 70 hairdresser shops. The barbers were asked to fill out a questionnaire, which was comprised of questions related to their socio-demographic features, knowledge about HIV and HCV, and practices they exercise while providing their services. Results: Most of the respondents were of the age group of 31-45 years (58.6%). 57% were workers while 42.9% were owners of shops. All the respondents were aware of HIV and HCV infections along with their sources and modes of transmission. The source of awareness was friends circle in the majority (45.7%) cases. 60% of the respondents knew about the organ/system targeted by these viruses while only 50% were aware of the progression and outcome of the disease. 70% of participants were aware of the measures to prevent the transmission of these infections. Spiritual personnel was revealed to be the best healers (47%) followed by medical doctors (30%). Only 20% of respondents accepted the use of gloves, aprons, and washing hands while all of the barbers revealed the use of new shaving blades and cleansing of razors and scissors by Dettol for every client. Conclusion: The majority of the barbers had adequate knowledge about HCV and HIV infections and their transmission but compliance with preventive measures was not strictly followed. Keywords: HCV, HIV, Barbers, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices.

A Study on the Utilization of Fan Economy by Luxury Brands in Chinese Market—Taking Louis Vuitton as an example

Fan economics generally refers to business practices that generate revenue based on fan-fan relationships. It is a business operating model that increases user engagement and achieves economic and social benefits in the form of word-of-mouth marketing. In the past, the fans were mostly celebrities, idols, and industry celebrities. For example, fans of the music world buy albums, concert tickets, products that celebrities like or approve. Today, the Internet has exceeded the limits of time and space, and the fan economy is widely used in many fields, such as culture and entertainment, sales of goods, and service provision. With the help of a certain platform, merchants gather a circle of friends and fans through a certain point of interest and provide fans with diversified and personalized products and services, which are finally converted into consumption and profitable. Louis Vuitton is a luxury brand owned by the luxury goods company LVMH. It was founded by Louis Vuitton in France in 1854. Its products mainly include handbags, travel goods, small leather goods, accessories, watches, fine jewelry and customized services. With The rise and frenzy of the fan economy in the Chinese market, and the marketing status of this brand in the Chinese market is also being objectively affected. The purpose of this paper is to take Louis Vuitton as a case study to analyze the status, characteristics, problems and Solutions to related problems.

Knowledge and attitude of artificial intelligence (AI) technology among clinical researchers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has grown in popularity over the last few decades, and its application in clinical trials is on the rise around the world. Despite Sophie, the world's first humanoid robot to be awarded personality and citizenship by Saudi Arabia, and AI Arabic bots designed to improve customer service, the Saudi region is yet to completely embrace the AI Revolution. Over the last few years, the clinical usage of AI systems in medicine has grown in popularity. Several surgical AI platforms have been tested and found to improve preoperative diagnostic and decision making, outcome prediction, surgical planning, and intraoperative surgical guidance. This study examines clinical researchers' knowledge and attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in Saudi Arabia. Objective: To find out knowledge about artificial intelligence among clinical researchers of Saudi Arabia and their attitude towards the same. Materials and methods: This study was carried out utilising an online questionnaire-based survey that was created with Google forms and emailed to clinical researchers in the friend circle. A total of 118 people replied to the survey, and the sample population was chosen using a convenience sampling technique. They were asked about their demographics, knowledge of AI, and attitudes toward it.

Active aging of older adults in rural area after participating in senior self-directed learning groups

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the behaviors of older adults in rural areas at all stages of active aging after participating in senior self-directed learning groups. This study adopted a qualitative research method and conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews with six members of a senior learning center in a rural area. The themes identified from the thematic analysis were categorized into three levels: health, safety, and participation. The health level included (1) understanding the importance of exercise and taking the initiative in leading simple group exercises to develop regular exercise habits and (2) paying greater attention to disease and diet control through knowledge sharing with group members.The safety level included (1) paying more attention to safe driving when volunteering with other members; and (2) resonating with fall prevention techniques and cultivating a safe home to prevent falls. The participation level included (1) having more common topics to share with family members to enhance relationships (2) changing conceptualizations of interpersonal relationships and actively expanding and managing a circle of friends; and (3) increasing willingness to actively participate in social activities compared to before participating in the group. The results of this study showed that after joining the senior self-directed learning groups, the older adults had a positive change in their cognition of active aging, recognized the importance of active aging, and then faced their aging process with a positive attitude.

Strategi Adaptasi Mahasiswa Pekerja Korban PHK Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Pekerja Asal Kabupaten Mamasa Di Kota Makassar)

This study aims to determine 1) the adaptation strategy of student workers from Mamasa Regency who were laid off victims in Makassar City, 2) What factors influenced the adaptation strategy of student workers from Mamasa Regency who were laid off victims in Makassar City. The type of research used is qualitative research with a case study method or approach to describe the adaptation strategy of student workers from Mamasa Regency who are victims of layoffs in Makassar City. The technique of determining the informants was done by purposive sampling technique with the criteria of informants, namely student workers who were laid off and had worked for more than one year, totaling 10 people. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. The data validation technique uses source triangulation.The results of this study indicate that 1) Student workers from Mamasa Regency, victims of layoffs in Makassar City have several strategies in meeting their daily needs, including a) Leave from college, b) Go home, c) Save expenses, d) Switch jobs (become an online motorcycle taxi driver). and day laborers). 2) There are three factors that influence the adaptation strategy of student workers from Mamasa Regency who are victims of layoffs in Makassar City, namely a) Socio-economic conditions of the family, b) Peer Group / circle of friends, c) Skill / skills.

Knowledge and attitudes towards epilepsy: A survey of people with epilepsy

ProblemMany studies focus on knowledge and attitudes of unaffected people towards epilepsy and people with epilepsy (PWE). The perspective of PWE themselves is much less explored. MethodsWe invited PWE in Germany to answer a questionnaire on their knowledge and attitudes towards epilepsy and PWE. ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 230 PWE (median age: 40 years; min./max.: 19/83; 66 % female). Of PWE, 22 % thought that PWE are more helpful, and 10 % thought that PWE are friendlier than other people. Nevertheless, reservations about relationships and friendships with other PWE existed: of the participants, only 74 % would definitely go on a date with another PWE, and 90 % would definitely include another PWE they liked into their circle of friends. Swimming was judged as more dangerous for PWE than for healthy people by 71 % of PWE. Of PWE, 86 % correctly assumed it was not useful to hold a person having a seizure to the ground. Putting a solid object in the mouth was considered not useful by 85 % of PWE. Of PWE, 20 % would definitely administer an available emergency medication if another PWE had a seizure. For 67 % of PWE, certain preconditions should have to be fulfilled such as an available document with instructions. Of PWE, 11 % stated they would not administer an available emergency medication if another PWE had a seizure. ConclusionAlthough positive attitudes of PWE towards other PWE exist, we also found some reservations calling for psychosocial support. Most PWE had sufficient knowledge about risks of certain activities and about measures to be taken during a seizure. Nevertheless, a small group of PWE showed knowledge gaps. Thus, educational support still seems essential.

EVALUATIONS OF YOUTH PROBATIONERS AND PROBATION SPECIALISTS ON PROBATION PRACTICES

This research aimed to examine the views of juveniles and probation specialists on the probation system and to put forward some suggestions on effective social work practices in the probation system. In this qualitative study, the phenomenology design was used. The study group of the research determined using the purposive sampling method comprises 30 juvenile justice-involved aged between 19-25 and 20 probation specialists. Five sub-themes were identified as: getting consultancy services, meeting psychosocial needs, developing cognitive and behavioral skills, raising awareness about substance use, changing friend circle. According to data from in-depth interviews, the probation system is considered a system that generally meets some basic psychosocial needs of young people; provides cognitive and behavioral awareness of the effects of substance abuse but cannot fully touch the lives of young people. The education and improvement programs in the probation system should be revised in accordance with the needs of the youth.

Development and Preliminary Validation of the Questionnaire “Evaluation of the Constitution of Social Circles” in Patients Treated for Cancer of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract

Purpose: The constitution of social circles around patients treated for cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) has a major influence on factors that affect quality of life (QOL) but is poorly assessed, mainly due to a lack of tools. The objective of this study is to develop a questionnaire that assesses the constitution of social circles in a population treated for UADT cancer and to analyze the construct (structural and clinical validity) and criterion validity. Methods: The Evaluation of the Constitution of Social Circles (ECSC) questionnaire was developed in French by a committee of experts. Structural validity was analyzed using inter-item correlations. The scores of a group of patients treated for UADT cancer were compared with those of a group of healthy subjects (clinical validity). For criterion validity, the ECSC scores were compared to those from various questionnaires that assess social functioning (QFS), psychological status (HAD), perceived speech impairment (PHI), and QOL (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) in patients. Results: Structural validity shows low to moderate inter-item correlations which is consistent with the construction of the questionnaire not assessing underlying concepts. Clinical validity was satisfactory regarding the frequency of contact (p = 0.01), satisfaction with the frequency of contact in the private circle (p = 0.03), and the size of the social circles of family and friends (p ≤ 0.01). Criterion validity was adequate with moderate correlations between the ECSC scores and the QFS sub-scores of interest (rs > 0.56, p < 0.05). Anxiety (HAD) had a low correlation (|rs| = 0.46, p < 0.05) with satisfaction with exchanges and the frequency of contact with family. Satisfaction with exchanges with the private circle was moderately correlated with the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 score (rs = 0.56, p = 0.01) and showed a negative trend on the PHI (rs < −0.39, p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: While the test-retest reliability is yet to be evaluated and the sample size should be increased, this preliminary study shows that the ECSC is a valid tool for assessing the constitution of social circles in patients treated for UADT cancer. It highlights the links between social circles and their functional impact on communication and QOL.

What Not To Do to Thrive in your Career?

What not to do to thrive in your career The presentation will examine options that are usually available to psychiatrists during their training and early in their career and propose criteria which should be used to select or discard them. Among the criteria proposed – in addition to personal interest - should be the amount of time that engaging in a particular pursuit might take, the potential gain of the engagement later on in one’s career, the likelihood of expanding the circle of friends and acquaintances and several others.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

L’identité sexuée à l’épreuve de la vieillesse chez un homme nonagénaire

ObjectivesAging is often perceived as a degenerative process in which the elderly must adapt to a series of degradations. As the population grows older, the field of psychology focuses more on the social and physical aspects of aging than of those of a more psychical nature. In older adulthood, a very particular context appears with the scarcity of social ties, and physical modifications due to advanced age. These bring about profound identity reorganization. However, current aging research focuses little on sexual identity, which is often assumed to be non-existent, especially in old age. Our objective is to examine whether it indeed exists in later adulthood, and if so, to identify the possible trials and tribulations that the elderly encounter therein. MethodologyThis research is based on a clinical case study of a nonagenarian man in a retirement home. A clinical psychologist accompanied the subject over a period of six weeks, with two weekly interviews, the transcriptions of which make up different descriptive vignettes. Afterwards, a reflection allows us to grasp the different psychical characteristics expressed by this resident. Two approaches will guide us in our method of analysis. The first is phenomenological; it remains an interesting reference as it aims to establish an absence of any presuppositions, ensuring a certain neutrality on the part of the researcher, while leaving room for participation in observation and introspection. In addition, succeeding the latter, the method of psychoanalytic inquiry provides the framework for analysis, bringing about a theoretical-clinical articulation to identify and describe the different psychical processes. ResultsThe words of a nonagenarian man shed light on one of the possible destinies of sexual identification in very old age. Some changes can be sudden and destabilizing, reflecting feelings of confusion. Indeed, presenting a certain form of withdrawal, the resident states that he no longer recognizes himself in his sexual identity with the appearance of a new sexual attraction, causing great psychical suffering. This is first experienced as intrusive. It also calls into question his social identity, both within his family, and even within his circle of friends, and more intimately in his relationship with himself. This therapeutic accompaniment makes it possible to highlight unconscious motives that manifest themselves in this new sexual attraction. The identification of the latter puts an end to this period of confusion, the resident is then able to identify the origin of the episode. The emphasis on certain constants during this trying moment bring about an experience of an identical identity despite what he had thought. This accompaniment concluded with a certain sense of peace and continuity. ConclusionThe clinical setting makes it possible to question the notion of identity, both through psychoanalytic inquiry, and Butler's theoretical conception, which challenges the previous ideas about identity. This theoretical questioning of the clinic enables us to clarify and redefine a possible dynamic of sexual identity in its unconscious perspective. Finally, we put this study in perspective with previous research, and suggest new avenues of investigation to be explored in future studies.

Transatlantic Ties of the Far Right: The NSU Case in Germany and its Links to Actors and Incidents in the USA

ABSTRACT The “National Socialist Underground” (NSU) is one of the most severe cases of terrorism in Germany after World War II. For more than twelve years, three neo-Nazis had lived under false identities in Germany. The group murdered ten people and committed several crimes. At first sight, this seems to be a case of domestic terrorism, but a closer look exposes transnational facets and turns it into an example of transatlantic ties between far-right groups. In their strategy and in their ideology, the German neo-Nazis and their circle of friends and supporters have been influenced by actors and incidents in the U.S. As the article shows, a powerful tradition of anti-Americanism in the milieu of Germany’s far right does not contradict an alliance of anti-Semites and white supremacists in both countries. Drawing on police files, intelligence reports, parliamentary hearings and court proceedings, the article lays out and analyzes the intertwining of German and U.S. militant right-wing actors. It examines references and connections to the Ku Klux Klan, “The Turner Diaries,” and to the U.S. terrorist group “The Order.”

Locating and Interrogating the Savarna Trace in Selected Marathi Dalit Short Stories

In the present time modern urban India denies the existence of caste prejudices and caste-based discriminations. Educated urban people talk of “caste” as concept which is centuries old and quite outdated. But how far it is true is a matter of question. Since even today when it comes to marriage, educated families look for boys or girls from the same caste, caste consciousness always remain at the back of the mind of an educated youth while forming the friend circle, and caste discrimination becomes more prominent when the so called educated modern urban families do not allow their domestic help to use the same plates. Down the ages it has been observed that the Savarnas or the so-called upper caste people have always occupied the central position in the society and continuously shaped and dictated the fate of the Dalits leaving them no choice to construct their lives according to their own will and wish. Literature, however, has always been the mimetic platform which has inspired the common people to rethink, reevaluate and bring about reformative and revolutionary changes. The present paper attempts to hear those unheard voices of the Dalits who have long been oppressed by the upper caste people in this casteist Indian society. The present paper analyses two short stories written by two prolific Dalit writers namely Baburao Bagul and Sharankumar Limbale. Through a close reading of Bagul’s “When I Hid My Caste” and Limbale’s “The Dalit Brahmin”, the present paper aims to identify and comprehend how instrumental and phenomenal is the trace of the upper caste in the lives of the Dalits and how this hegemonic savarna social system has caused the unbuilding of the identity which the Dalits have so ambitiously built equal to that of the Savarnas.

Who wants to grow old in Welfare Sweden?

The research presented in this paper focuses on social media usage, specifically Facebook, in times of the Covid-19 crisis when some Swedish citizens lost trust in their official institutions. Once Sweden decided not to comply with WHO recommendations, the great majority of the Swedish population rallied around the flag in support of that move. For those who questioned this approach not much support was available, so they turned to social media. We ran a survey of 371 Facebook users gathered around the “Dr Whistleblower oxygen for all” group. Combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, in this study we analyse the role of social media in situations when people lose trust in public institutions and are left out. The most interesting and surprising result of this study is the discovery of fear for Dr Whistleblower’s future, and fear for participants’ own lives. We argue that in times of grave crisis, when we need reliable information the most, we turn to social media not only due to its immediacy but also due to its ability to connect us with a much wider circle of people than our close circle of friends can do. Then, more than ever, we look for trustworthy information, we express our fears and look for help online, thus seriously disrupting the traditional news landscape.

Impact of Geographic Conditions on Sirri Marriage Phenomenon in Situbondo District

This study aims to determine the impact of the geographical conditions of an area on the phenomenon of sirri marriage through a qualitative study. Data analysis was carried out inductively from the results of observations, in-depth interviews and FGDs. The results of the study indicate that the phenomenon of unregistered marriage occurs in Sumber Malang, Situbondo, East Java as a result of the geographical conditions of the area. The topographical conditions of the area in the form of mountainous areas with an altitude of 500-1,250 meters above sea level, very steep with a slope of 45%, rocky and dry soils make the Sumber Malang area difficult to develop economically. This is because agricultural cultivation is difficult to develop. Furthermore, the accessibility of areas that are difficult to reach because they are far inland, narrow roads, no public transportation, far from the center of economic activity have caused people in this area to choose to stay in their environment. Topography and regional accessibility have an impact on adolescent marriage behavior in the Sumber Malang community. Adolescents and parents view unregistered marriage as something that is done to avoid sin, the certainty of a relationship, economic motives (because the cost of marriage is considered expensive by the community) and as a result of the remote location of the area; because the teenager only has a circle of friends in Sumbermalang. There are two patterns of sirri marriage that occur, namely teenagers will marry sirri and live together and teenagers will marry sirri then stay with their parents and still continue their education. The implication of this research is to provide an illustration that geographical space can affect the pattern of marriage that occurs in society. Based on this, the relevant government can provide adequate access to education at the research sites.&#x0D; Keywords : Sirri's Marriage; geographical condition; topography; accessibility&#x0D; &#x0D; Copyright (c) 2022 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember&#x0D; This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

Instagram Content Management for Interaction During the Covid 19 Pandemic

Physical restrictions imposed during the pandemic stopped all concert activities, but @ykvvknd kept interacting with their followers. This study uses qualitative descriptive research method, where researchers collect data through field study techniques (interviews, observations, and document collection). These three data were collected through interviews. Our informant is the owner and manager of @ykvvknd content. Observations were made in the comment column for each @ykwknd content and document collection from articles in mass media. Authentic engagement is the only proven way for Instagram account managers to understand Gen Z, listen to them, and start forming relationships. Two-way communication among opinion leaders in their circle of friends is based on a high level of trust in opinion leaders.