Friction Ridge Patterns Research Articles

A Comparison of Enhancement and Visualization Techniques of Friction Ridge Bloodstain Patterns on Various Textiles

This study investigates the feasibility of observing identifiable friction ridge patterns within a blood medium on common clothing textiles

Probabilistic Fingermark Quality Assessment with Quality Region Localisation.

The assessment of fingermark (latent fingerprint) quality is an intrinsic part of a forensic investigation. The fingermark quality indicates the value and utility of the trace evidence recovered from the crime scene in the course of a forensic investigation; it determines how the evidence will be processed, and it correlates with the probability of finding a corresponding fingerprint in the reference dataset. The deposition of fingermarks on random surfaces occurs spontaneously in an uncontrolled fashion, which introduces imperfections to the resulting impression of the friction ridge pattern. In this work, we propose a new probabilistic framework for Automated Fingermark Quality Assessment (AFQA). We used modern deep learning techniques, which have the ability to extract patterns even from noisy data, and combined them with a methodology from the field of eXplainable AI (XAI) to make our models more transparent. Our solution first predicts a quality probability distribution, from which we then calculate the final quality value and, if needed, the uncertainty of the model. Additionally, we complemented the predicted quality value with a corresponding quality map. We used GradCAM to determine which regions of the fingermark had the largest effect on the overall quality prediction. We show that the resulting quality maps are highly correlated with the density of minutiae points in the input image. Our deep learning approach achieved high regression performance, while significantly improving the interpretability and transparency of the predictions.

Evaluation of 3D and 2D chronomorphometrics for latent fingermark aging studies.

Latent fingermark age determination is a relatively new subdiscipline of friction ridge pattern analysis that has the potential to ascertain two key pieces of information: the "who" and the "when" from a single evidence item. In this proof-of-concept study, the sensitivity and suitability of a series of 3D and 2D chronomorphometrics, ie, quantitative measurement of form as a function of time, are examined under various temperatures (55, 21, 4, and -20°C) at 6 months. 3D imaging with an optical profiler (OP) in tandem with a conventional 2D fingermark enhancing method, ie powdering with titanium dioxide, is the technique selected. From a chronomorphometric perspective, the 3D-OP detects micrometer variations in surface texture with regard to the heights (Sa and Ra) and volume (Vu) of the ridges, whereas 2D imaging provides information on color contrast (MI and IA), the fingermark visual quality score (QS), and the relative area extension of color-coded maps of ridge clarity (BlueGreen, BG). Statistical analyses have revealed different degrees of sensitivity of the 2D and 3D metrics for detecting the effect of temperature and time, being 3D the most discriminating. In these tested conditions, warmer temperatures (55 and 21°C) have shown the most impact on ridge degradation with the lowest levels observed at -20°C. The concurrent application of 2D and 3D metrics would be considered the best approach to advance the knowledge on fingermark aging processes and possible mathematical models.

3D-FLARE: A Touchless Full-3D Fingerprint Recognition System Based on Laser Sensing

“The friction ridge pattern is a 3D structure which, in its natural state, is not deformed by contact with a surface”. Building upon this rather trivial observation, the present work constitutes a first solid step towards a paradigm shift in fingerprint recognition from its very foundations. We explore and evaluate the feasibility to move from current technology operating on 2D images of elastically deformed impressions of the ridge pattern, to a new generation of systems based on full-3D models of the natural non-deformed ridge pattern itself. There are already a small number of previous studies that have already started scratching the surface of 3D fingerprint recognition and that should not go overlooked. However, the vast majority of these few successful approaches published so far, are based on the reconstruction of fingerprints from multiple 2D images acquired with different lighting conditions (photometric stereo 3D reconstruction) or acquired from different angles (stereo vision 3D reconstruction). Such reconstruction methods lead in general to 2D fingerprints wrapped over the overall volume of the finger. These volumetric fingerprints have shown some promising performance, but still miss the real depth information of the ridge pattern, which, in the best case scenario, is coarsely estimated during the error-prone reconstruction process. In the present work we take one step further, directly acquiring for the first time in a consistent and repeatable manner, full-3D fingerprint models stored as point-clouds, where each point is defined by its $[x,y,z]$ coordinates. This way, the 3D data is directly measured by the sensor, with no post-processing reconstruction stage required. The complete recognition system developed represents as well an alternative to traditional technology based on minutiae detection. It shows that image-based processing algorithms and descriptors can be successfully applied to the new full-3D data, reaching very competitive results and confirming the high distinctiveness of the models.

Fingerprint pattern examination of right hand thumb in relation to Blood Group

Background and Objectives: The study of friction ridge patterns of fingertip is known as dermatoglyphics. Although human beings have been using fingerprints as a means of identification for a long time, in this study an effort has been made to study a fingerprint pattern examination of right hand thumb in relation to ABO Rh blood group, so that one can get an idea about the expected blood group from the study of fingerprint pattern and vice versa.Material and Methods: A plain thumb print was taken by applying ink to the tip of right hand thumb and place in the thumb directly on paper with a gen tle pressure and the rolled fingerprint was taken by rolling the thumb on paper from outward to inward in such a way as to obtain an impression of whole tip. The blood group was determined and recorded along with other details of the study subjects after taking inform consent. Data were entered in excel and analyzed.Results: It was observed that percentage of Loops were highest in AB blood group (76.92%) and O blood group with (71.05%) common in A and B blood group with 57.14%. Also, percentage of Whorls in A blood group was highest (42.86%) as compared to lowest in AB blood group (23.08%), in blood group B and O the distribution of whorls pattern are 39.28% and 28.95% respectively. Similarly, percentage of Arch was least in B blood group (3.84%).Conclusion: This study showed that there is an association between ridges of fingertip and different blood group.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (2): 58-61

SOLE PATTERNS OF TWINS

In the study of twins, one frequently desires to know whether or not they are of monozygotic or dizygotic origin. This question can be answered by examination of the placenta and membranes at birth, but when older children and adults are studied it is difficult, and often impossible, to do so. Work has been done on the general physical appearance, mentality, palm patterns, whorls of the hair, etc., but no definite data has been secured. This study was undertaken in the hope that the friction-ridge patterns on the sole of the foot might reveal some clue as to the type of twin from whom they were secured. Newman , 2 thinks that monozygotic twins are apt to have identical patterns, that they are found nearly always in this type of twin, but that unlike patterns do not disprove their monozygotic origin. Wilder also has remarked upon the striking similarity which sometimes occurs. He 4 states that while they are similar grossly, the Galton details are always different. Accurate information on this subject is lacking. Prints were secured from 87 pairs of twins living in Madison and vicinity; the process perfected by Professor Mathews being used in order that the fine details might be more readily studied. The youngest pair was one week old, and the oldest 85 years. Most of the subjects, however, were school children. Thirtythree pairs were male-male, 24 were female-female, and 30 were male-female. Of the 174 individuals examined, 96 were male and 78 female. The ratio of monozygotic to dizygotic twins has been variously stated. Newman 1 thinks that the monozygotic type occurs about 25 per cent. of the time, while De Lee 5 quotes Ahlfeld as stating that I5.55 per cent. of all twins are monozygotic. Ahlfeld's figures are, perhaps, more reliable because he examined the placentas and membranes in I,I57 twin births. The Wilder method is used in classifying the patterns and